淮河流域旱涝频繁,寻找旱涝前兆信号并建立预报机制意义重大。依据淮河流域1968-2017年的降水、太平洋海温和欧亚大陆范围内的500 h Pa高度场资料,利用改进的Z指数法评定了淮河流域近50年来夏季旱涝的等级,寻找了影响流域降水的海温和...淮河流域旱涝频繁,寻找旱涝前兆信号并建立预报机制意义重大。依据淮河流域1968-2017年的降水、太平洋海温和欧亚大陆范围内的500 h Pa高度场资料,利用改进的Z指数法评定了淮河流域近50年来夏季旱涝的等级,寻找了影响流域降水的海温和大气压高度前兆信号,以其为预测因子,建立了流域夏季旱涝指标值预测的数学模型。结果表明:淮河流域旱涝灾情严重,呈现出南涝北旱的特征,旱灾有微弱的下降趋势,涝灾相反;海温前兆信号关键区位于千岛群岛、菲律宾海域到中太平洋地区以及Nino4区,500 h Pa高度场前兆信号关键区域分布于东西伯利亚山地、东欧和西西伯利亚平原以及西亚地区;利用逐步回归法建立的方程,具有较好的预测精度和实用性,能够对淮河流域夏季降水的旱涝指数进行预测,可为流域旱涝监控和预测提供支持。展开更多
A coupled atmospheric-hydrologic-hydraulic ensemble flood forecasting model, driven by The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment （THORPEX） Interactive Grand Global Ensemble （TIGGE） data, has been...A coupled atmospheric-hydrologic-hydraulic ensemble flood forecasting model, driven by The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment （THORPEX） Interactive Grand Global Ensemble （TIGGE） data, has been developed for flood forecasting over the Huaihe River. The incorporation of numerical weather prediction （NWP） information into flood forecasting systems may increase forecast lead time from a few hours to a few days. A single NWP model forecast from a single forecast center, however, is insufficient as it involves considerable non-predictable uncertainties and leads to a high number of false alarms. The availability of global ensemble NWP systems through TIGGE offers a new opportunity for flood forecast. The Xinanjiang model used for hydrological rainfall-runoff modeling and the one-dimensional unsteady flow model applied to channel flood routing are coupled with ensemble weather predictions based on the TIGGE data from the Canadian Meteorological Centre （CMC）, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF）, the UK Met Office （UKMO）, and the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP）. The developed ensemble flood forecasting model is applied to flood forecasting of the 2007 flood season as a test case. The test case is chosen over the upper reaches of the Huaihe River above Lutaizi station with flood diversion and retarding areas. The input flood discharge hydrograph from the main channel to the flood diversion area is estimated with the fixed split ratio of the main channel discharge. The flood flow inside the flood retarding area is calculated as a reservoir with the water balance method. The Muskingum method is used for flood routing in the flood diversion area. A probabilistic discharge and flood inundation forecast is provided as the end product to study the potential benefits of using the TIGGE ensemble forecasts. The results demonstrate satisfactory flood forecasting with clear signals of probability of floods up to a few days in advance, and show that TIGGE ensemble forecast data are a promising tool for forecasting of flood inundation, comparable with that driven by raingauge observations.展开更多
基于NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析西北太平洋热带辐合区上升运动(ITCZω)与越赤道气流和澳大利亚高压之间的关系,并给出了三者在2003、2007年淮河流域强降水的异常特征。结果表明越赤道气流对西北太平洋ITCZω的影响主要反映在对其强度的影...基于NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析西北太平洋热带辐合区上升运动(ITCZω)与越赤道气流和澳大利亚高压之间的关系,并给出了三者在2003、2007年淮河流域强降水的异常特征。结果表明越赤道气流对西北太平洋ITCZω的影响主要反映在对其强度的影响,对其位置的影响不明显。总体上来说,925 h Pa上各支越赤道气流强度与西北太平洋ITCZω强度的相关性都要好于850 h Pa;ITCZω强度与澳大利亚高压强度的相关只在对流层低层可以通过95%的信度检验。2003、2007年淮河流域强降水期间,90°E及以东的越赤道气流偏弱;澳大利亚高压强度也偏弱;对应ITCZω偏弱、偏南;2003、2007年90°E、105°E、150°E附近越赤道气流的强度较多年平均都要偏弱,2007年125°E附近越赤道气流的强度较多年平均也较弱;2007年ITCZω偏弱的程度要大于2003年;2007年南半球冷空气偏弱持续的时间虽然长于2003年,但偏弱的程度却小于2003年。展开更多
文摘淮河流域旱涝频繁,寻找旱涝前兆信号并建立预报机制意义重大。依据淮河流域1968-2017年的降水、太平洋海温和欧亚大陆范围内的500 h Pa高度场资料,利用改进的Z指数法评定了淮河流域近50年来夏季旱涝的等级,寻找了影响流域降水的海温和大气压高度前兆信号,以其为预测因子,建立了流域夏季旱涝指标值预测的数学模型。结果表明:淮河流域旱涝灾情严重,呈现出南涝北旱的特征,旱灾有微弱的下降趋势,涝灾相反;海温前兆信号关键区位于千岛群岛、菲律宾海域到中太平洋地区以及Nino4区,500 h Pa高度场前兆信号关键区域分布于东西伯利亚山地、东欧和西西伯利亚平原以及西亚地区;利用逐步回归法建立的方程,具有较好的预测精度和实用性,能够对淮河流域夏季降水的旱涝指数进行预测,可为流域旱涝监控和预测提供支持。
基金Supported by the China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund (GYHY201006037,GYHY200906007,and GYHY(QX)2007-6-1)National Natural Science Foundation of China (41105068)
文摘A coupled atmospheric-hydrologic-hydraulic ensemble flood forecasting model, driven by The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment （THORPEX） Interactive Grand Global Ensemble （TIGGE） data, has been developed for flood forecasting over the Huaihe River. The incorporation of numerical weather prediction （NWP） information into flood forecasting systems may increase forecast lead time from a few hours to a few days. A single NWP model forecast from a single forecast center, however, is insufficient as it involves considerable non-predictable uncertainties and leads to a high number of false alarms. The availability of global ensemble NWP systems through TIGGE offers a new opportunity for flood forecast. The Xinanjiang model used for hydrological rainfall-runoff modeling and the one-dimensional unsteady flow model applied to channel flood routing are coupled with ensemble weather predictions based on the TIGGE data from the Canadian Meteorological Centre （CMC）, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF）, the UK Met Office （UKMO）, and the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP）. The developed ensemble flood forecasting model is applied to flood forecasting of the 2007 flood season as a test case. The test case is chosen over the upper reaches of the Huaihe River above Lutaizi station with flood diversion and retarding areas. The input flood discharge hydrograph from the main channel to the flood diversion area is estimated with the fixed split ratio of the main channel discharge. The flood flow inside the flood retarding area is calculated as a reservoir with the water balance method. The Muskingum method is used for flood routing in the flood diversion area. A probabilistic discharge and flood inundation forecast is provided as the end product to study the potential benefits of using the TIGGE ensemble forecasts. The results demonstrate satisfactory flood forecasting with clear signals of probability of floods up to a few days in advance, and show that TIGGE ensemble forecast data are a promising tool for forecasting of flood inundation, comparable with that driven by raingauge observations.
文摘基于NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析西北太平洋热带辐合区上升运动(ITCZω)与越赤道气流和澳大利亚高压之间的关系,并给出了三者在2003、2007年淮河流域强降水的异常特征。结果表明越赤道气流对西北太平洋ITCZω的影响主要反映在对其强度的影响,对其位置的影响不明显。总体上来说,925 h Pa上各支越赤道气流强度与西北太平洋ITCZω强度的相关性都要好于850 h Pa;ITCZω强度与澳大利亚高压强度的相关只在对流层低层可以通过95%的信度检验。2003、2007年淮河流域强降水期间,90°E及以东的越赤道气流偏弱;澳大利亚高压强度也偏弱;对应ITCZω偏弱、偏南;2003、2007年90°E、105°E、150°E附近越赤道气流的强度较多年平均都要偏弱,2007年125°E附近越赤道气流的强度较多年平均也较弱;2007年ITCZω偏弱的程度要大于2003年;2007年南半球冷空气偏弱持续的时间虽然长于2003年,但偏弱的程度却小于2003年。
