Analysis of the Flow Field Characteristics Associated with the Dynamic Rock Breaking Process Induced by a Multi-Hole Combined External Rotary Bit

The characteristics of the flow field associated with a multi-hole combined external rotary bit have been studied by means of numerical simulation in the framework of an RNG k-εturbulence model,and compared with the results of dedicated rock breaking drilling experiments.The numerical results show that the nozzle velocity and dynamic pressure of the nozzle decrease with an increase in the jet distance,and the axial velocity of the nozzle decays regularly with an increase in the dimensionless jet distance.Moreover,the axial velocity related to the nozzle with inclination angle 20°and 30°can produce a higher hole depth,while the radial velocity of the nozzle with 60°inclination can enlarge the hole diameter.The outcomes of the CFD simulations are consistent with the actual dynamic rock breaking and pore forming process,which lends credence to the present results and indicates that they could be used as a reference for the future optimization of systems based on the multi-hole combined external rotary bit technology.

Process simulation and optimization of flow field in wet electrostatic precipitator

To improve the dust removal performance of the wet electrostatic precipitator(WESP), a flow field optimization scheme was proposed via CFD simulation in different scales. The simplified models of perforated and collection plates were determined firstly. Then the model parameters for the resistance of perforated and collection plates, obtained by small-scale flow simulation, were validated by medium-scale experiments. Through the comparison of the resistance and velocity distribution between simulation results and experimental data, the simplified model is proved to present the resistance characteristics of perforated and collection plates accurately. Numerical results show that after optimization, both the flow rate and the pressure drop in the upper room of electric field regions are basically equivalent to those of the lower room, and the velocity distribution in flue inlet of WESP becomes more uniform. Through the application in practice, the effectiveness and reliability of the optimization scheme are proved, which can provide valuable reference for further optimization of WESP.

On the Efficiency of a CFD-Based Full Convolution Neural Network for the Post-Processing of Field Data

The present study aims to improve the efficiency of typical procedures used for post-processing flow field data by applying a neural-network technology.Assuming a problem of aircraft design as the workhorse,a regression calculation model for processing the flow data of a FCN-VGG19 aircraft is elaborated based on VGGNet(Visual Geometry Group Net)and FCN(Fully Convolutional Network)techniques.As shown by the results,the model displays a strong fitting ability,and there is almost no over-fitting in training.Moreover,the model has good accuracy and convergence.For different input data and different grids,the model basically achieves convergence,showing good performances.It is shown that the proposed simulation regression model based on FCN has great potential in typical problems of computational fluid dynamics(CFD)and related data processing.

THE CALCULATION OF THE DENSITY FIELD FROM AXISYMMETRIC SCHLIEREN INTERFEROGRAMS BY THE IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

The schlieren interferograms used to be analyzed in a qualitative way. In this paper, by means of the powerful computational ability and the large memory of computer; the image processing method is investigated for the digitalization of an axisymmetric schlieren interferogram and the determination of the density field. This method includes the 2-D low-pass filtering, the thinning of interferometric fringes, the extraction of physical information and the numerical integration of the density field. The image processing results show that the accuracy of the quantitative analysis of the schlieren interferogram can be improved and a lot of time can be saved in dealing with optical experimental results. Therefore, the algorithm used here is useful and efficient.

Initiation and Kinematic Process of Debris Flow with the Existence of Terraced Fields at the Sources

A debris flow,with terraced fields as the source area,broke out on June 25th,2018 in the Xiaotuga area of Yunnan Province,China,and this kind of debris flow is rarely recorded.Two purposes in this study:(1)the influence of flow drag force on slope stability;(2)back-analyze the movement process of debris flow.First,the geological background and movement of this debris flow were described based on a field investigation.Then,drag force,calculated by the laminar flow theory,is added to the slope stability calculation model,which elaborates the initiation process of this disaster.Moreover,dynamic simulation software(DAN3D)was used to simulate the kinematic process of the debris flow with a variety of combination models.The study shows that the terrace area can quickly produce surface runoff and create a drag force under rainfall conditions,which is the essential reason for the initiation of debris flow.In addition,the use of the FVV(Frictional-Voellmy-Voellmy)model is found to provide the best performance in simulating this type of debris flow,which reveals that it lasts approximately 200 s and that the maximum velocity is 12 m/s.

Influence of core box vents distribution on flow dynamics of core shooting process based on experiment and numerical simulation

Core shooting process plays a decisive role in the quality of sand cores, and core box vents distribution is one of the most important factor determining the effectiveness of core shooting process. In this paper, the influence of core box vents distribution on the flow dynamics of core shooting process was investigated based on in situ experimental observations with transparent core box, high-speed camera and pressure measuring system. Attention was focused on the variation of both the flow behavior of sand and pressure curves due to different vents distribution. Taking both kinetic and frictional stress into account, a kinetic-frictional constitutive model was established to describe the internal momentum transfer in the solid phase. Two-fluid model(TFM) simulation was then performed and good agreement was achieved between the experimental and simulated results on both the flow behavior of sand and the pressure curves. It was found that vents distribution has direct effect on the pressure difference of different locations in the core box, which determines the buoyancy force exerting on the sand particles and significantly influences the filling process of core sand.

Volumetric lattice Boltzmann method for pore-scale mass diffusionadvection process in geopolymer porous structures

Porous materials present significant advantages for absorbing radioactive isotopes in nuclear waste streams.To improve absorption efficiency in nuclear waste treatment,a thorough understanding of the diffusion-advection process within porous structures is essential for material design.In this study,we present advancements in the volumetric lattice Boltzmann method(VLBM)for modeling and simulating pore-scale diffusion-advection of radioactive isotopes within geopolymer porous structures.These structures are created using the phase field method(PFM)to precisely control pore architectures.In our VLBM approach,we introduce a concentration field of an isotope seamlessly coupled with the velocity field and solve it by the time evolution of its particle population function.To address the computational intensity inherent in the coupled lattice Boltzmann equations for velocity and concentration fields,we implement graphics processing unit(GPU)parallelization.Validation of the developed model involves examining the flow and diffusion fields in porous structures.Remarkably,good agreement is observed for both the velocity field from VLBM and multiphysics object-oriented simulation environment(MOOSE),and the concentration field from VLBM and the finite difference method(FDM).Furthermore,we investigate the effects of background flow,species diffusivity,and porosity on the diffusion-advection behavior by varying the background flow velocity,diffusion coefficient,and pore volume fraction,respectively.Notably,all three parameters exert an influence on the diffusion-advection process.Increased background flow and diffusivity markedly accelerate the process due to increased advection intensity and enhanced diffusion capability,respectively.Conversely,increasing the porosity has a less significant effect,causing a slight slowdown of the diffusion-advection process due to the expanded pore volume.This comprehensive parametric study provides valuable insights into the kinetics of isotope uptake in porous structures,facilitating the development of porous materials for nuclear waste treatment applications.

Process intensification in vapor–liquid mass transfer: The state-of-the-art

The concept of process intensification(PI) has absorbed diverse definitions and stays true to the mission—'do more with less', which is an approach purposed by chemical engineers to solve the global energy & environment problems. To date, the focus of PI has been on processes mainly involving vapor/liquid systems. Based on the fundamental principles of vapor–liquid mass transfer process like distillation and absorption, there are three strategies to intensify interphase mass transfer: enhancing the overall driving force, improving the mass transfer coefficient and enlarging the vapor–liquid interfacial area. More specifically, this article herein provides an overview of various technologies to strengthen the vapor–liquid mass transfer, including application of external fields, addition of third substances, micro-chemical technology and usage of solid foam, with the objective to contribute to the future developments and potential applications of PI in scientific research and industrial sectors.

Study on transient aerodynamic characteristics of parachute opening process

In the research of parachute, canopy inflation process modeling is one of the most complicated tasks. As canopy often experiences the largest deformations and loa-dings during a very short time, it is of great difficulty for theoretical analysis and experimental measurements. In this paper, aerodynamic equations and structural dynamics equations were developed for describing parachute opening process, and an iterative coupling solving strategy incorpo- rating the above equations was proposed for a small-scale, flexible and flat-circular parachute. Then, analyses were carried out for canopy geometry, time-dependent pressure difference between the inside and outside of the canopy, transient vortex around the canopy and the flow field in the radial plane as a sequence in opening process. The mechanism of the canopy shape development was explained from perspective of transient flow fields during the inflation process. Experiments of the parachute opening process were conducted in a wind tunnel, in which instantaneous shape of the canopy was measured by high velocity camera and the opening loading was measured by dynamometer balance. The theoretical predictions were found in good agreement with the experimental results, validating the proposed approach. This numerical method can improve the situation of strong dependence of parachute research on wind tunnel tests, and is of significance to the understanding of the mechanics of parachute inflation process.

MOTION PATTERN OF FIBRE IN ELECTRIC FIELD

This is a paper of analysis and research dealing with the dynamic process and pattern offibre in an electrostatic field. The paper first discusses the distribution of the electric field in spaceand describes in detail the various manners of electrification of fibres and the changing patternbefore and after their entrance into the field. It then introduces the gravity of the fibre and theforce of the airflow transporting the fibre, and finally, a group of motion equations from thefibre are derived. Replacing the parameters in the equations with the experimental data, the nu-merical solutions can be obtained and the motion loci in different environments will be drawn bythe computer. The loci conform basically with the results obtained by stroboflash photography.

Flow field in air-sparged hydrocyclone

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Numerical Study of the Dynamic, Thermodynamic and Microstructural Parameters of Convective Clouds

On the basis of a three-dimensional non stationary model of a convective cloud with detailed description of dynamic, thermodynamic and microphysical processes, numerical experiments were conducted to study the formation of parameters of convective clouds under unstable stratification of the atmosphere. Numerical experiments have been carried out to study the formation of convective processes in the atmosphere. The thermo hydrodynamic parameters in the zone of a thunderstorm cloud are determined, and regions with a vortex motion of air are identified. The main flows feeding the convective cloud in the mature stage are determined. Due to the means of visualization, the areas of formation and growth of precipitation particles are identified. In a three-dimensional form, the interaction of dynamic and thermodynamic processes is analyzed. The interaction of fields is manifested in the form of deformation of fields of thermodynamic parameters under the influence of dynamic processes. Trajectories of air streams around a cloud and the trajectories of drops in a cloud are determined. The results of numerical experiments confirm that dynamic processes significantly influence the formation of fields of thermodynamic parameters in the cloud, which also determine the course of microphysical processes and the nature of the growth of precipitation particles.

空气预热器的设计计算和数值分析

对完成设计的工艺目标,将室温空气加热到一定温度时,空气预热器需要的电加热功率进行计算,并对相关设备结构进行设计。利用Workbench有限元分析软件建立空气预热器流场的数值分析模型,分析设备内流场情况,从理论上了解具体的混合和传热状态,考察工艺计算和设计的正确性。此外,还研究了相关工艺参数和结构设计对设备性能的影响,认为提高空气处理量,会快速降低出口温度,并显著提高设备阻力,但空气受热更加均匀;增加加热功率,出口温度和设备阻力逐渐升高,但空气受热均匀程度有所降低。此外,设备内布置折流板,能够有效促进流场湍流程度,提升设备出口温度,增加混合传热效果,但会带来较大的设备阻力。

铁水倾倒过程建模和CFD仿真

建立了冶炼铁水倾倒过程数学模型,对铁水倾倒过程进行CFD仿真,探究了钢包内壁倾角θq和初始铁水量V c对铁水倾倒过程中流场、温度场、相界面的影响。仿真结果表明:铁水的温度逐渐降低,铁水的流速先增加后减小。θq的增加使铁水倾倒路径更倾斜,铁水流速增加;V c的增加使铁水流出钢包时间提前、铁水流速增加、流动路径复杂,出现涡流和湍流,转炉内高温区域增大,增加了高温气体从转炉口溢出的量。为了既提高生产效率又保证生产安全,以θq为7°和V c为80%V Q进行铁水倾倒为佳。

基于复杂流场的烟气流量测量技术数值模拟研究

烟气流量是影响碳监测精度的关键因素之一,而分布不均、随机组负荷变化而改变的复杂流场环境是阻碍烟气流量精准计量的主要因素。以某电厂660 MW机组烟囱入口烟道为研究对象,基于烟气流场数值模拟结果对比分析了4种不同测量原理的流量计测量精度随点位数量、工艺布置形式等因素的影响变化规律。结果表明:与矩阵流量计相比,多点皮托管流量计对复杂流场环境的适应性更好;在测点数量同为28的情况下,矩阵流量计偏差是多点皮托管流量计的1.54倍;光闪烁流量计测量精度受安装位置标高影响较大,最大偏差是最小偏差的23.3倍,表明光闪烁流量计对复杂流场环境的适应性较差;超声波流量计可倾斜安装和多声道安装,工艺布置形式灵活多变,对复杂流场的适应性显著提高,双声道布置时可将偏差控制在±1.5%以内。研究成果为流量计设备选型及工艺设计提供了重要的理论依据和数据支撑,具有重要的理论研究及工程应用价值。

再生式液体发射药迫击炮点火过程建模与试验研究

再生式液体发射药迫击炮点火性能对内弹道性能和液体药燃烧稳定性具有重要影响。针对点火过程,设计了再生喷雾燃烧半密爆装置,测试了燃烧室压力变化。在试验基础上,建立再生式液体发射药迫击炮点火计算模型,对点火过程中燃烧室流场变化进行了数值模拟。结果表明:数值模拟与试验结果吻合度较好,能够反映点火过程燃烧室压力等重要物理量的变化。基本装药燃气的流动具有明显涡旋效应,燃气对喷射活塞、液体药射流运动和雾化燃烧具有较强的冲击扰动。喷射活塞端面和喷口处压力呈振荡发展,压力振荡主频约5.2 kHz。建立的点火计算模型可为后续点火研究和点火设计提供参考。

可逆固体氧化物电池流场设计及优化的研究进展与展望

氢能作为一种清洁能源,不但具备清洁的利用过程,还能够与间歇性可再生能源有效结合,达到节能减排的重要效果。作为一种能够有效利用和制造氢能的装置,可逆固体氧化物电池(reversible solid oxide cell,RSOC)拥有燃料电池和电解槽两种运行模式,引起了广泛关注。RSOC的流场结构对其性能具有重要影响,具体表现为流道形状、尺寸及气体配置对RSOC内部气体流动特性的影响,均匀的气体分布及优异的扩散过程有利于电池输出性能及稳定性的提升。本综述总结了RSOC平行、蛇形、交指等传统流场与X形、三维网状等新型流场的结构特点及其电池输出特性,并对现有相关流场优化方式的研究进行了详细的分析和讨论,以全面概述该领域的最新进展。结果显示,针对RSOC内部气体流动特性可以通过优化温度、压强、气体流量等运行条件,选择合适的电解质、电极结构参数,阴阳极气流配置,以及设置流道障碍物等方式改进传统流场,促进气体传质与扩散过程;同时设计新型流场结构及多孔介质流场也是改善气体流动状态的一种方式。

不同启动条件下泵喷推进潜艇的瞬态特性研究

为研究泵喷推进潜艇启动过程中的瞬态特性,基于DES(detached-eddy simulation)湍流模型对“泵-艇”一体化模型进行全流域非定常数值模拟,采用线性方式进行启动,分析启动时间对泵喷内部及尾流场的影响机理。结果表明:启动过程中,随转速的增加,流量呈线性增长的态势,推力和轴功率呈指数增长;动静叶栅工作面和背面的压差逐渐增大;高涡量区从叶轮叶片前缘和轮毂表面逐渐扩大至整个流道,进口回流逐渐得到一定程度的遏制,漩涡逐渐出现在各个区域;喷流边界从速度梯度不明显且几乎成轴对称分布形态逐渐演变为显著的局部速度梯度且呈“蜿蜒”特性;尾部流场三维涡从启动初期简单的喷管剪切层涡和呈锥体结构的尾涡逐渐演变为由轴心涡、尾流末端涡以及叶片涡系等组成的复杂涡系系统;随启动时间增加,到达相同转速时动静叶栅内部压力整体呈下降态势;喷流尾迹到达的距离越来越长,“蜿蜒”特性更加明显;各涡系结构越来越清晰,尾涡形态产生更加复杂的非规则变化。

航空发动机机匣凸台阴极电解加工流场仿真

针对航空发动机机匣凸台在电解加工中电解液流量不能充分进入加工间隙造成流速分布不均匀的问题,提出了在阴极结构上增加一个矩形挡板的新阴极结构以提高流场的均匀性。通过COMSOL软件对阴极内壁与挡板不同间隙和挡板下壁与凸台上表面不同间隙的阴极结构等两种方案进行流场仿真,结合流速云图和速度变化曲线图得出增加挡板能够使电解液流速提高,流场的均匀性增强,并且阴极内壁与挡板间隙为6mm,挡板下壁与凸台上表面间隙为4mm时,流场变化最为平缓。

微细粒煤泥浮选分离强化方法及技术研究进展

制约微细粒煤泥高效浮选回收的主要瓶颈问题是微细粒煤泥自身性质导致的颗粒与气泡矿化效率低,但黏土矿物夹杂污染、浮选泡沫性质和捕收剂性能等因素的影响同样不可忽视。为了解微细粒煤泥浮选强化方法及技术研究进展,首先介绍了微细煤泥浮选分离难的原因,其次从增大颗粒表观粒径、减小气泡尺寸、强化流场调节、捕收剂优化、浮选设备改进、浮选工艺创新和矿浆预处理等7方面进行综述,最后深入探讨不同浮选分离强化方法及技术的优劣势。为克服微细粒煤泥自身质量小的影响,絮凝浮选是常见的增大颗粒表观粒径技术,其浮选强化效果显著但药剂选择性及成本问题不可忽视;载体浮选与超声驻波团聚均具备较好的潜力但目前尚处于实验室研究阶段。为提高颗粒与气泡碰撞概率,减小气泡尺寸是有效的手段,其中纳米气泡浮选技术在显著提高微细煤泥回收率的同时能有效降低药剂用量。强化流场调节同样是关注到颗粒与气泡的碰撞、粘附概率的影响,以湍流强化为手段有效促进了浮选指标的提升。捕收剂优化是从降低药剂成本、提高药剂选择性角度出发,其研究点主要有改善传统药剂分散性、引入极性基团、新型药剂设计等。其中药剂乳化、捕收剂替代品、复配型捕收剂及新型纳米粒子捕收剂等均不同程度地呈现了良好的强化效果,但其制备成本及可能对环境造成的影响是其亟待解决的问题。此外,针对微细粒煤泥分离挑战,目的矿物高效矿化和脉石矿物有效抑制是浮选设备优化的核心突破点;多次浮选和分级浮选是解决微细粒分选不彻底的主要工艺创新改进;分级调浆、超声波及高剪切等预处理强化技术有效地改善药剂和矿浆均匀性及药剂和煤粒的碰撞概率,从而强化浮选分离效果。在以上不同浮选分离强化方法及技术中,絮凝浮选、超声驻波团聚、纳米气泡浮选、湍流强度调控及捕收剂分子设计优化等均在实验室研究阶段,向工业化应用发展的过程中还需开展大量基础理论研究及半工业化研究,而寻求成本效益卓越的新型药剂、浮选设备升级赋能、浮选工艺智慧创新及浮选矿浆预处理精细强化或将是现有选煤厂强化微细煤泥浮选分离效果较妥当且切实可行的方案。