An Analysis on the Heat Resistance of Rice Germplasm Resources during Flowering Period

56 Chinese rice core germplasm resources,18 foreign rice germplasm resources and 6 restorer lines are subjected to high temperature stress during flowering period. Based on relative spikelet fertility rate,rice heat resistance is evaluated. The results show that different resistance to high temperature exists in different varieties,and 6 new rice varieties present high heat resistance.

The Effect of Photon Flux Density and Lighting Period on Growth,Flowering,Powdery Mildew and Water Relations of Miniature Roses

Miniature roses (Rosa sp.) were grown at 100 and 150 μmol m-2·s-1 photon flux densities (PFD) with 16, 20 and 24 h·day-1 lighting periods (LP) in a greenhouse compartment in midwinter at latitude 59° north. The study included 10 different treatments and six rose cultivars, altogether 900 plants. The 16 and 20 h LP were applied with or without a dark period of 8 and 4 h·day-1, respectively, by timing the LP in relation to daylight that lasted for 7 - 8 h. Number of days until flowering decreased with an increase in PFD and in LP up to 24 day-1 and was unaffected by the timing of the 16 and 20 h·day-1 LP. Number of flowers and plant dry weight increased 20% to 30% by increasing the PFD. Plant dry weight increased by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h·day-1 (about 25%), but no effect was found with a further increase to 24 h·day-1. Mean growth rate until flowering increased 30% to 40% by increasing the PFD or by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h day-1, while little effect was found by a further increase to 24 h·day-1. Increasing the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) by increasing the LP from 16 to 20 h·day-1 increased the growth rate more than increasing the PFD did. Three of the cultivars were tested for water loss after the detachment of some leaves. Leaves that had developed without a dark period showed a considerably higher water loss than the treatments that included a dark period of 4 or 8 h·day-1. The keeping quality at indoor conditions, however, was unaffected by the treatment due to sufficient watering. Powdery mildew developed significantly more on plants grown with a dark period of 8 h as compared with the other treatments. It was concluded that 20 h·day-1 LP including a dark period of 4 h·day-1 and a PFD of at least 150 μmol·m-2·s-1 should be applied to miniature roses during the winter months in order to effectively produce miniature pot roses with a high quality.

Effect of Shoot Control on Flower Bud Differentiation,Flowering,and Fruit Setting in Zanthoxylum armatum DC.

In this study,newly sprouted shoots of Zanthoxylum armatum(Z.armatum),which were collected after the harvesting period,were used as the primary experimental specimens.A randomized block design and paraffin sectioning method were used to investigate the flower bud differentiation process and the quantity and vitality of buds.Furthermore,the study examined the response of flowering and fruiting to cultivation methods for shoot growth,including layering and plant growth regulator application.The results showed that(a)layering and application of plant growth regulators for Z.armatum accelerated the process of flower bud differentiation by approximately 20 days compared to the control group.Additionally,both shoot control methods generated more and larger bud primordia and perianth primordia during the same differentiation phase.(b)The application of plant growth regulators resulted in well-developed buds,exhibiting higher levels of flower bud differentiation than the layering method.The quality of flower bud formation for both shoot control methods was superior to that of the control group.(c)The flowering phenological period was relatively consistent between the two cultivation methods,but the fruit maturity phase for shoot-controlled trees occurred 20 days earlier than the control group.(d)Both layering and the application of plant growth regulators significantly decreased the rates of unfertilized flower shedding and fruit shedding.However,no significant difference was noted in fruit setting per inflorescence and per flower between the two methods and the control.The effect of altitude for both methods on the fruit setting was not significant.Under both shoot control methods,the Z.armatum exhibited earlier morphological differentiation of flower buds,faster differentiation process,improved flower bud quality,and significantly decreased rates of flower and fruit shedding.Thus,these cultivation methods demonstrated the potential to promote flowering,improve fruit setting,and reduce fruit shedding in Z.armatum.

Analysis of Flower Border Design and Maintenance in the Later Period

Since the 21st century,China's economy has enjoyed rapid development and people's living standards have been improved.At the same time,the pursuit of beauty of people is getting increasingly higher and landscaping of and design of gardens has been widely pursued by people.This paper has discussed and analyzed the design of flower border and maintenance of flower border in the later period,hoping to provide some help and support for the relevant technical workers.

Research on the Vase Preservative of Anthurium seherzerianum Cut Flowers

[Objective] The research aimed to study the vase preservative of Anthurium seherzerianum cut flowers and provide reference for the planting and preservative method selection of A.seherzerianum.[Method] Using Tropical＇s spathe,one kind of common cut blossoms of A.seherzerianum as experimental materials,three different formula of vase solutions were used.And it was compared with common preservative formula of A.seherzerianum to study the vase preserved liquid of A.seherzerianum.[Result] Formula 3 was the optimum vase preservative,which was composed of 4% sucrose,0.08% NaCl,0.01% Ca（H2PO4）2·H2O,0.01% Chinese medicine antiseptic （ethonal extract from coptis）,0.1 mol/L NaOH,0.1 mol/L citric acid and 10 mg/L 6-BA.The preserved period reached 23 days,13 days longer than CK.The appreciative period reached 31 days,18 days longer than CK,with significant effects.In formula 3,water loss in A.seherzerianum spathe was decreased obviously,which was favorable for maintaining water content in tissues.The cell membrane permeability was reduced and the peroxidation of membrane ester was inhibited.The accumulation of MDA was decreased and SOD activity was increased.The protective enzyme activity of cells was enhanced and the content of proline and soluble sugar were increased and the respiration rate was reduced.[Conclusion] The formula（4% sucrose ＋ 0.08% NaCl＋ 0.01% Ca（H2PO4）2＋0.01% Chinese medicine antiseptic（ethonal extract from coptis）＋ 0.1 mol/L NaOH＋0.1 mol/L citric acid and 10 mg/L 6-BA）achieved the purpose of prolonging the preservative period of A.seherzerianum spathe and prolonging the preservative period of A.seherzerianum effectively.

Analysis of Meteorological Conditions during the Blossom Period of Apple and Peach in Haiyang City

Through observing the phenology of two kinds of fruit trees,apple and peach trees,during their flowering periods in the past seven years,the meteorological conditions in the flowering stages were analyzed and summarized in this paper.The late frost weather situation occurred in late April in Haiyang City also was elaborated in the paper.According to the data analysis,the terrain effect had induced a large temperature differences between north and south in April in Haiyang.Early flowering of fruit trees is as early as 5 to 8 days in the northern region than that in the southern region;accumulated temperature which was greater than or equal to 0 ℃ and the date of the temperature stably through a boundary,were the important meteorological indicators of the fruit trees' early flowering.The late frost in mid-late April is meteorological disasters of the fruit trees flowering period.The weather background of the occurred late frost,the disaster reasons and the measures for the prevention of late frost were proposed.

A Study on the Chemical Compositions of the Jasminum Sambac (L. ) Aiton in Various Farming Seasons During the Blossom Period in Fuzhou Region

The chemical compositions of the head space,essential oil and absolute of jasmin flowers in different farming seasons during the blossom period in Fuzhou were reported in this paper.

四川盆区油菜花期低温阴雨灾损评估及风险区划

花期低温阴雨是四川盆区油菜生产的主要气象灾害之一。本研究利用四川盆区1961-2020年101个气象站的逐日气象资料,1983-2000年油菜产量资料和干旱、低温冷害、连阴雨、大风、冰雹灾情资料,筛选花期低温阴雨灾害年份,采用数理统计方法获取花期低温阴雨产量灾损率和致灾因子,通过相关性分析确定油菜花期低温阴雨致灾指标,并利用2001-2020年灾情资料进行检验;基于筛选出的低温、连阴雨关键致灾因子,采用回归分析法建立油菜花期低温阴雨灾害损失评估模型,并进行回代和预测检验,分析灾害风险区划和变化趋势。结果表明:(1)日平均气温≤7℃、过程持续天数≥1d是四川盆区油菜花期低温致灾指标,日平均气温≤7℃的负积温和≥3d过程持续降水量共同组成低温阴雨灾害的关键致灾因子;选用2001-2020年油菜花期低温冷害发生情况对指标进行检验,与实际情况相符。(2)选用1983-2000年的气象、产量、灾情数据建立四川盆区油菜花期低温阴雨灾损评估模型,模型对轻度、中度灾害损失评估等级与实际等级相同或相差1级的评估准确率在96%以上;重度、特重评估等级与实际等级相同的准确率为0,与实际等级相差1级的准确率为75%和0。选用2001-2020年油菜花期低温阴雨灾害发生情况对模型检验,与实际情况基本相符。(3)1961-2020年四川盆区油菜花期低温阴雨灾害风险偏高区域主要分布于盆区西南部、南部及东北部,以中-高风险为主;灾害风险偏低的区域集中于盆区西北部及中部,以低-次低风险为主。(4)气候变暖背景下,四川盆区油菜花期低温阴雨灾害高风险区域呈减少趋势,低风险区域呈增加趋势。综上分析,四川盆区油菜花期低温冷害指标结果可靠,低温阴雨灾损评估模型能够较好地评估灾害损失,可应用于农业气象业务服务;灾害风险区划结果可为四川油菜生产布局提供参考依据。

花铃期干旱胁迫对陆地棉农艺性状的影响及其抗旱等级划分

为了探索花铃期干旱胁迫对不同棉花品种重要农艺性状的影响,并对品种进行等级划分,以前期鉴定的30份陆地棉品种进行试验,测定不同品种干旱胁迫组和对照组的农艺性状和品质指标等。通过含水量的差异性分析、农艺性状相关性分析、抗旱系数分析、3种综合评价值(D、CDC、WDC)相关性分析,证明3种评价值的评价结果一致。通过各性状与D值和WDC值的关联度分析,明确伸长率、单株产量、比强度和整齐度4个指标可作为品种抗旱性鉴定的重要指标。以D值进行聚类分析,对30份品种进行了抗旱等级分类,共分为4大类。第I大类,共有DG219、DG168、DG186等3份材料,属于强抗旱类别;第Ⅱ大类,共有DG270、DG228等12份材料,属于抗旱类别;第Ⅲ大类,仅有1份材料(DG248),属于较敏感类别;第Ⅳ大类,共有DG43、DG42等14份材料,属于敏旱类别。研究结果为品种的鉴定和利用提供了参考依据。

河南省夏玉米花期高温热害时空分布特征

基于1957—2022年河南省109个县(区)气象站的逐日气象数据,计算夏玉米花期日最高气温≥35℃持续天数及累计天数,从连续型高温热害与非连续型高温热害2个方面分析河南省夏玉米花期高温热害的发生频率和时空分布特征,以期为河南省夏玉米生产上的抗灾避灾提供科学依据。结果表明,在时间分布上,1957—2022年,河南省夏玉米花期高温热害发生频率呈现出先降低后增加的趋势,在2010年以后,高温热害呈现频发趋势,且连续型高温热害的发生频率更高。高温热害发生频率较高的时间为1960年代和2010年以后,且1960年代以中度和重度高温热害为主,2010年以后以轻度和中度高温热害为主。在空间分布上,河南省夏玉米花期高温热害发生频率呈现出豫东、豫南地区较高,豫西、豫北较低的特征。高温热害高风险地区分布于南阳市南部、驻马店市、周口市和商丘市东部,低风险地区分布于安阳市、濮阳市和鹤壁市。在高温热害类型上,商丘市南部更容易发生连续型高温热害;漯河市和周口市更容易发生非连续型轻度高温热害,南阳市南部更容易发生非连续型中度和重度高温热害,驻马店市南部更容易发生非连续型重度高温热害。

配方施肥对紫薇花序着花数和花期的影响

为探究紫薇花序着花数和花期对氮、磷、钾配方施肥的响应,获得氮、磷、钾优化的施肥量,以紫薇优良新品种“紫精灵”为研究对象,采用氮、磷、钾“3414”施肥设计进行田间施肥试验,测定不同处理的花序着花数和花期,拟合花序着花数的肥料效应模型,采用频次分析法获得优化施肥量。结果表明:氮、磷、钾配方施肥显著提高了紫薇花序着花数,能提早始花期和盛花期、推迟末花期;施肥对紫薇花序着花数、花期、始花期、盛花期、末花期的单因子影响效应均是N>K>P,交互作用影响效应都是NK>NP>PK;氮、磷、钾对花序着花数的单因素效应为正,氮与磷交互效应为正,氮与钾、磷与钾的交互效应都是负;花序着花数最大的施肥量为氮肥(N)19.50g·株^(-1)、磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))13.82g·株^(-1)、钾肥(K_(2)O)3.66g·株^(-1),此时花序着花数为117.94朵;用频次分析法获得的优化施肥量为氮肥(N)10.95~17.37g·株^(-1)、磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))5.89~9.37g·株^(-1)、钾肥(K_(2)O)7.01~10.25g·株^(-1),预期花序着花数平均值为126.52朵。

基于GIS的宁夏枸杞花期冻害风险分析与区划

宁夏具有独特的地理环境和气候条件,是我国重要的枸杞产区。宁夏枸杞具有品质优良、营养丰富的特点,但枸杞花期冻害是影响其产量和品质的重要因素之一。采用GIS技术,结合气象数据、地形地貌数据、土壤数据等,对宁夏枸杞花期冻害风险进行分析与区划,为宁夏枸杞产业防灾减灾体系建设提供参考。

控水方式对2种簕杜鹃开花及生理特征的影响

以1.5年生的水红簕杜鹃(Bougainvillea buttiana'Miss Manila')和小叶紫簕杜鹃(Bougainvillea glabra'Sao Paulo')盆栽苗为试材,采用不同的控水方式(间隔控水和持续控水)研究2种簕杜鹃的开花情况和植物内源激素变化情况,以期为调控簕杜鹃花期提供技术参考.结果表明,间隔控水有利于水红簕杜鹃GA_(3)、ABA的升高、IAA的下降以及形成较小的ABA/GA_(3)峰值、较大的ABA/IAA峰值,并提高可溶性糖含量,促进植株开花,提高成花数量.小叶紫簕杜鹃采用间隔控水可促进GA_(3)、IAA、ABA的升高以及形成较大的ABA/GA_(3)峰值、较小的ABA/IAA峰值,并提高可溶性糖含量,促进植株开花并延长花期.可见,2种簕杜鹃的花期调控应采用间隔控水方式有较好的效果.

混播比例及乳酸菌剂对四川农区燕麦/箭筈豌豆混合青贮品质的影响

为解析四川农区冬闲田燕麦/箭筈豌豆的最佳混播比例及混播混贮比例,选取“贝勒”燕麦(Avena sativa L.)和“川北”箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)为原料,设置1∶0(T1)、3∶1(T2)、1∶1(T3)、1∶3(T4)、0∶1(T5)共5个混播比例,在燕麦开花期/箭筈豌豆结荚前期刈割,青贮时设置不添加乳酸菌剂的对照组(CK)和添加乳酸菌剂组(IN),青贮60 d后分析样品的营养品质、发酵品质并进行微生物计数.研究发现,随着混播中箭筈豌豆占比的增加,混播饲草中粗蛋白和粗灰分含量显著上升(P<0.01),青贮后,CK与IN组饲草中的干物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量呈下降趋势,粗蛋白和粗灰分含量呈上升趋势.T5(箭筈豌豆单播)处理下CK组和IN组的pH和乳酸菌数量较其它处理显著升高(P<0.01),T1的pH较各比例显著降低(P<0.01),所有组别均未发现肠杆菌和霉菌存在.相同混播比例下,IN组比CK组有更低的干物质损失、pH、氨态氮和有机酸含量及乳酸菌数量(P<0.01),IN组比CK组有更高的可溶性碳水化合物含量(P<0.01).综上,在燕麦和箭筈豌豆混播比例为1∶3时原料营养品质及青贮发酵品质更为优质、均衡.

施氮量对日光温室番茄开花坐果期光合和根系特性及土壤酶活性的影响

以圣罗兰为试材,采用半开放槽式栽培,在等量磷、钾肥处理下,设置13个施氮量处理,研究不同追施氮量对日光温室番茄开花坐果期叶片光合作用、根系特性及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:适宜施氮量能够促进日光温室番茄开花坐果期生长发育,提高土壤酶活性,其中T11处理下植株叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量最高,叶绿素a/b最低,叶片净光合速率最高,比不施氮处理提高15.83%,叶片硝酸还原酶活性最高[61.37μg·g^(-1)·h^(-1)(FW)],根系活力最高,根系长度最长,土壤蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶活性最高。综上,本研究条件下T11处理,即施氮量为3.0 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1)为日光温室番茄开花坐果期最适追施氮量。

罗田县板栗品种授粉配置研究

【目的】筛选湖北省罗田县板栗Castanea mollissima品种高产优质的授粉组合。【方法】选用‘桂花香’‘Guihuaxiang’、‘八月红’‘Bayuehong’、‘六月暴’‘Liuyuebao’、‘乌壳栗’‘Wukeli’、‘玫瑰红’‘Meiguihong’、‘浅刺大板栗’‘Qiancidabanli’等6个罗田县栽培的板栗品种,在花期相遇的基础上,设计22个授粉组合,开展品种授粉配置试验,对各授粉组合的授粉结实性和果实性状进行测定分析。【结果】异交显著降低了空苞率,除‘乌壳栗’外,各品种的异交空苞率均低于自交。异交显著提高了成果率(P<0.05),除‘乌壳栗’外,各品种的自交成果率均低于50%。授粉品种对各品种的刺苞性状、坚果性状、种仁的蛋白质和淀粉质量分数均有显著性影响(P<0.05)。综合成果率、果实性状等指标及主成分分析,筛选出各品种的成果率高、果实品质较好的授粉组合(♀×♂)是:‘桂花香’ב八月红’、‘八月红’ב六月暴’、‘六月暴’ב桂花香’、‘六月暴’ב八月红’、‘乌壳栗’ב六月暴’、‘玫瑰红’ב浅刺大板栗’、‘浅刺大板栗’ב桂花香’、‘浅刺大板栗’ב乌壳栗’。【结论】合理进行品种授粉配置可以有效降低罗田板栗品种的果实空苞率,提高果实产量与品质,实现高产优质栽培。

薄壳山核桃主栽品种花期观察及品种配置

对薄壳山核桃〔Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.)K.Koch〕8个主栽品种的花期以及8个主栽品种和12个开花结实表现较好的品种的雌花可授期和雄花散粉期进行观察,确定品种配置方案。结果显示:薄壳山核桃8个主栽品种的花期基本在4月中下旬至5月中上旬。‘波尼’(‘Pawnee’)的初花期最早,‘金华’(‘Jinhua’)的初花期最晚。‘马罕’(‘Mahan’)的终花期最早,‘金华’的终花期最晚。‘波尼’和‘卡多’(‘Caddo’)雌花的盛花期持续时间为15 d,其余6个主栽品种雌花和雄花的盛花期持续5~9 d。‘波尼’、‘卡多’、‘曼丹’(‘Mandan’)和‘苏普锐尔’(‘Surprize’)的可授期持续11~14 d。总体上看,‘波尼’和‘卡多’的可授期与其余主栽品种的散粉期重叠,且二者的散粉期与其余主栽品种的可授期重叠。‘金华’的可授期与‘马罕’、‘绍兴’(‘Shaoxing’)、‘威奇塔’(‘Wichita’)、‘斯图尔特’(‘Stuart’)和‘特贾斯’(‘Tejas’)的散粉期重叠。8个主栽品种的散粉期持续5~7 d,其中,‘波尼’的散粉期最早开始,‘金华’的散粉期最晚开始。‘金华’、‘威奇塔’、‘斯图尔特’、‘特贾斯’、‘曼丹’和‘苏普锐尔’可以作为‘波尼’和‘卡多’的授粉树,‘波尼’、‘卡多’、‘曼丹’和‘苏普锐尔’可以作为‘马罕’、‘绍兴’、‘威奇塔’、‘斯图尔特’和‘特贾斯’的授粉树。

不同品种糯红高粱花期内生酵母菌群多样性分析

采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对花期糯红高粱不同品种及不同器官的内生酵母菌群多样性进行分析,并采用线性判别分析效应值(LEfSe)及FUNGuild分析样品间的差异菌和功能菌。结果表明,共注释到8门182属。地方种青壳洋内生酵母菌的群落多样性和丰富度均高于杂交种金糯粱1号,叶部丰富度最高。不同品种及茎叶的优势菌门均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota),花和根部的优势菌门分别为担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、未知真菌门(unclassified fungi);在属水平上,金糯粱1号和青壳洋优势菌属分别为刺盾炱目未分类菌属(unclassified Chaetothyriales)和未知真菌属,根、茎、叶和花部的优势菌属分别为未知真菌属、枝氯霉属(Ramichloridium)、刺盾炱目未分类菌属和Didymium。LEfSe分析显示,青壳洋中最重要的差异指示属为Papiliotrema;根、茎、叶和花部最重要的差异指示属分别为镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、枝氯霉属、Alatosessilispora和Pseudozyma。FUNGuild功能预测显示,糯红高粱内生酵母菌群功能丰富,可分为7种营养模式和24个生态功能群,且青壳洋和叶部独有功能菌数最多。

油茶种间杂交子代花期与花器官性状的变异分析

为选育油茶春花优良品种,以油茶杂交子代(YZ2×DY2)及亲本[母本(YZ2)、父本(DY2)]为研究对象,调查测定其花期和花器官性状,对花期性状进行分级,并对9个性状(花横径、花纵径、花柱裂数、雌蕊长、雄蕊长、花瓣数、花药数、盛花期相对时间、开花持续时间)进行变异、相关性、主成分、聚类分析。将盛花期相对时间和开花持续时间进行等距分级,筛选出符合良种选育目标的花期类型(95株)和极长持续期类型(43株)。9个性状变异系数为9.75%~35.74%,其中,盛花期相对时间的变异系数最大,花柱裂数的变异系数最小。9个性状的中亲优势率范围为-23.17%~0.84%,除盛花期相对时间外均为负值,所有性状均出现超低亲和超高亲个体。杂交子代群体花药数与其他花器性状之间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);盛花期相对时间与花横径、花纵径、雌蕊长、花瓣数、开花持续时间呈极显著相关(P<0.01),与花柱裂数呈显著相关(P<0.05)。根据聚类分析将杂交子代群体分为3个类群:Ⅰ类属于最早花期长花期型:Ⅱ类属于最晚花期短花期型:Ⅲ类属于中花期型。

不同采收期“卡罗拉”月季切花贮藏效果比较

目的为了延长月季切花“卡罗拉”的贮藏期,选取合适的采收期进行贮藏至关重要。方法分别以提前4 d采收(1级)、提前2~3 d采收(2级)、提前1 d采收(3级)、当天采收(4级)的月季切花“卡罗拉”为试材,于4℃下贮藏20 d,定期观察贮藏及瓶插期间鲜切花品质的变化。结果与其他采收期月季切花相比,2级月季切花乙烯生成速率偏低,贮藏15 d前,2级月季切花在一定程度上呼吸强度较低,丙二醛含量整体呈现较低趋势。在贮藏20 d瓶插8 d时,2级月季切花花朵直径偏大,可维持花朵较高的开放程度,花朵萎蔫指数、腐烂指数、质量损失率仅为40.66%、82.22%、11%,均低于其他采收期的月季切花;色差中L*值较高,b*值较低,表明2级月季切花颜色较为鲜亮,有效延缓了黄化现象。结论经过1d物流运输及20 d左右的贮藏条件下存放时,提前2~3 d采收(2级)的月季切花可维持较好的品质及观赏价值。