Regulations and Practice on Flue Gas Denitrification for Coal-Fired Power Plants in China

In China, according to the relative up-to-date regulations and standards, the maincontrol measure for NOX emission of coal-fired power plants is, in principle, low NOXcombustion. However, in recent years, more and more newlyapproved coal-fired plantswere required to install flue gas denitrification equipment. This article expounds if fluegas denitrification is necessary from several aspects, including constitution of NOX, itsimpact to environment, operation ofdeNOXequipment in USA, as wellas the differencein ambient air quality standard between China and World Health Organization. It setsforth themes in urgent need of study and areas where deNOX equipment is necessaryfor new projects, besides a recommendation that the emission standards for thermalpowerplants should be revised as soon as possible in China.

Comparison of Optimization Schemes for the Flue Gas Purification System of a Garbage Incineration Power Plant

A garbage incineration power plant is proposed to be built somewhere. Due to local environmental capacity and local policy,the demand on the flue gas emission indicators of the project is high,but the conventional purification process of flue gas produced during waste incineration（ SNCR denitrification ＋dry/semi-dry deacidification ＋ adsorption of dioxins and heavy metals by activated carbon ＋ bag dusting） has been unable to meet this requirement,and the newly added wet deacidification and SCR denitrification processes can meet this requirement. The flue gas purification process was optimized,and two feasible schemes were compared to choose the better one.

Tolerance Comparison Among Selected Spirulina Strains Cultured Under High Carbon Dioxide and Coal Power Plant Flue Gas Supplements

In order to explore the changes in the growth and protein contents of Spirulina and obtain a proper strain for the fixation of carbon dioxide(CO2 from flue gas,the strains isolated from the Spirulina farms and the strain 208 were cultured under different aeration conditions including no CO2,10%CO2 and coal power plant flue gas supplements.The physiological indexes including filament length,biomass yield and chlorophyll a,soluble protein and phycocyanin contents were determined,respectively.When cultured without CO2 supplement,the strain 4-5 exhibited the highest biomass yield(1.880 g L^(−1)and a specific growth rate(0.367 d−1.However,the specific growth rate of all strains decreased significantly when they were cultured under 10%CO2 and unfiltered coal power plant flue gas supplements.Considerable differences were noted in the performance of the experimental microalgal strains under different contemporaneous conditions.The strain 7-8 achieved the highest biomass yield(1.603 g L^(−1)and relatively high phycocyanin content(7.1%)under 10%CO2 supplement.We noted that strain 4-5 had the highest specific growth rate(0.182 d−1 and biomass yield(0.43 g L^(−1)under coal power plant flue gas supplement.Strain 6-10 displayed the highest soluble protein content(66.02%),and strain 7-8 showed the highest phycocyanin content(9.28%)under coal power plant flue gas supplement.

Field Studies on the Removal Characteristics of Particulate Matter and SO_(x) in Ultra-Low Emission Coal-Fired Power Plant

In order to reduce the environmental smog caused by coal combustion,air pollution control devices have been widely used in coal-fired power plants,especially of wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD)and wet electrostatic precipitator(WESP).In this work,particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm(PM_(10))and sulfur oxides(SO_(x))have been studied in a coal-fired power plant.The plant is equipped with selective catalytic reduction,electrostatic precipitator,WFGD,WESP.The results show that the PM_(10)removal efficiencies in WFGD and WESP are 54.34%and 50.39%,respectively,and the overall removal efficiency is 77.35%.WFGD and WESP have effects on the particle size distribution.After WFGD,the peak of particles shifts from 1.62 to 0.95μm,and the mass concentration of fine particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 0.61μm increases.After WESP,the peak of particle size shifts from 0.95 to 1.61μm.The differences are due to the agglomeration and growth of small particles.The SO_(3)mass concentration increases after SCR,but WFGD has a great influence on SO_(x)with the efficiency of 96.56%.WESP can remove SO_(x),but the efficiency is 20.91%.The final emission factors of SO_(2),SO_(3),PM_(1),PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)are 0.1597,0.0450,0.0154,0.0267 and 0.0215(kg·t^(−1)),respectively.Compared with the research results without ultra-low emission retrofit,the emission factors are reduced by 1~2 orders of magnitude,and the emission control level of air pollutants is greatly improved.

FGD Capacity Prediction of Thermal Power Plants in China

Through analyzing the proportion of SO2 emission from thermal power plants in the nationwide SO2 emis- sion in USA, Japan etc. developed countries, and the developmental course of thermal power installed capacity and the FGD capacity in USA, the FGD capacity of thermal power plants in China is forecasted from two angles. One is to predict FGD capacity in accordance with the policy in force in China. The other is to predict FGD capacity based upon the emission right trading policy. As compared, it is held that FGD equipment should be mainly installed on the large size units burning high sulfur coal according to the emission right trading policy. Such a method of work not only can economize large amount of investments and operation costs, but also can realize the same environmental effect.

A Theoretical Investigation of Efficiency Enhancement in Thermal Power Plants

The need to operate a boiler efficiently in today’s environment is at the top of many plant owners and operators lists. Unfortunately, operating a boiler efficiently and meeting local emission regulations do not always go hand in hand. However, advances in boiler system design and technology have made this a much more achievable task. The potential for energy improvements and cost savings is substantial when considered that most boilers operating today are performing at efficiencies that are less than 70 percent. The performance calculation and rectification measures are essential for performance evaluation and efficiency enhancement. Since the efficiency decreases from time to time it is required to find out the losses occurring in boiler using proper methodology. The environmental issues and economy are the secondary factors to be considered after finding the losses. Due to increase in fuel price and demand in more energy requirement in everyday life, proper utilization of materials and resources are necessary. This present deals with the aim of estimating the heat losses occurring in thermal power plant boilers and hence finding suitable ways for reducing it, hence allowing plants to achieve more performance, sustainability and cost-effective maintenance operation of a steam system.

The R&D of Flue Gas Pollutants Deep-Removal Technology for Coal-fired Power Plants

The flue gas pollutants deep-removal technology(DRT) focusing on PM2.5removal is the prime method of further reducing pollutants emission from coal-fired power plants. In view of the four key technological challenges in developing the DRT, studies were conducted on a series of purification technologies and the DRT was developed and successfully applied in 660 MW and 1000 MW coal-fired units. This paper analyzes the application results of the demonstration project, and proposes a roadmap for the follow-up researches and optimizations.

Flue Gas CO_2 Emission Reduction Technologies and Applications

The current status and trend of CO2 emission from coal-fired power plants in China are introduced. Main flue gas decarbonization technologies and their prospective of applications in China are discussed in two separate parts-capture and sequestration. It is stated that the selection of CO2 capture and sequestration technologies relates closely with the geographical location of power plants, with the destination of CO2 being the key. Further, it is suggested that industrialized test centers or test platforms of national or industrial level should be set up.

Mercury emissions and partitioning from Indian coal-fired power plants

In India coal combustion is the single largest source of emission of mercury which is a widespread persistent global toxicant,travelling across international borders through air and water.As a party to the Minamata convention,India aims to monitor and reduce Hg emissions and stricter norms are introduced for mercury emissions from power plants(30μg/Nm 3 for flue gas in stack).This paper presents the results obtained during the experimental studies performed on mercury emissions at four coal-fired and one lignite-fired power plants in India.The mercury concentration in the feed coal varied between 0.12-0.27 mg/Kg.In the mercury mass balance,significant proportion of feed coal mercury has been found to be associated with fly ash,whereas bottom ash contained very low mercury.80%-90%of mercury was released to air through stack gas.However,for circulating fluidised bed boiler burning lignite,about 64.8%of feed mercury was found to get captured in the fly ash and only 32.4%was released to air.The mercury emission factor was found to lie in the range of 4.7-15.7 mg/GJ.

Analysis on the Durability of Hybrid Polymer Composites for Power FGD System

The corrosion condition of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) equipment for the coal-fired power plant was defined as the strong corrosion grade. The lining system of hybrid polymer composite was used in internal cylinder of steel chimney, and a corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant protective layer was formed on the metal surface. The corrosion-resistant and ageing-resistant properties of hybrid polymer composite prepared at low temperature after four years of practical use were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and measurement of gravimetric variation, contact angle, abrasion resistance, bonding strength and tensile strength. The properties of hybrid polymer composites prepared at 25℃ and –15℃ were comparatively analyzed in the paper.

Pushing Forward Industrialization of Thermal Power Desulfuration

This paper introduces present state of industrialization development in flue gas desulfuration, including technological selection, state of design and contracting capability, localization of equipment, etc. in China. It points out main problems currently existed and presents proposals on promotion of desulfuration technology with selfowned intellectual property right, perfection of demonstrative projects and pushing forward localization of desulfuration equipment.

Study on SO_2 Emission Mitigation of Thermal Power Plants in China

With the rapid development of electricity production, SO 2 from coal fired power stations causes severe air pollution problem. In 1997, the SO 2 emitted from thermal power plants reached 7.0 Mt, accounting for about 33% of the national emissions. At present and in the future, thermal power stations will still be the primary pollution sources. The Chinese government and power departments accord considerable importance to the SO 2 emissions from thermal power plants. New sets of environmentally friendly policies have been formulated. But, enforcement of laws and regulations needs to be further improved and broadened, especially those responding to market conditions. This paper focuses particular attention on the analysis of strategy, policies, and measures that have been or should be taken against SO 2 emissions from thermal power plants so as to achieve the environmental protection targets, on the basis of which the technical options for the future are given.

Flue Gas Water Recovery by Indirect Cooling Technology for Large-Scale Applications: A Review

With social development and economic enhancement,energy is facing significant worldwide demand,and fossil fuels are the prime energy sources for various energy systems over past decades.Furthermore,among fuel-consumed applications,power plants are the primary source of energy consumption.There is a lot of waste heat and steam accompanied by the latent heat produced in the exhaust flue gas.Therefore,the latent heat recovery from the flue gas plays an important role in increasing the efficiency of the system and saving water.To recover the heat and mass in power plants,three primary methods are proposed to condense the vapor based on previous studies:(1)flue gas condensation technology,(2)liquid desiccant-based dehydration(LDD)technology and(3)membrane technology.This paper mainly reviews and summaries the indirect cooling technology in flue gas condensation technology.The numerical simulation and theory of flue gas condensation are introduced.Different heat exchanger types and conducted experiments are also summarized.The performance of the indirect cooling technology is affected not only by its own configuration and design but also by the flue gas inlet temperature,velocity,water vapor mass fraction,etc.The major concerns and outlook of practical applications for further study are attributed to the heat exchanger size and cost,acid corrosion,ash accumulation in flue gas,etc.

法国电力公司代表团访问我院

法国电力公司代表团访问我院１９９５年６月２０日，法国电力公司代表团来我院访问。沈有昌院长、徐大平副院长及有关部门领导同志会见了代表团，并进行了合作商谈。双方各自介绍了本单位的基本情况，相互探讨了在成教、培训等方面的成功经验和做法。沈有昌院长对法国电力...