Comparison of Optimization Schemes for the Flue Gas Purification System of a Garbage Incineration Power Plant

A garbage incineration power plant is proposed to be built somewhere. Due to local environmental capacity and local policy,the demand on the flue gas emission indicators of the project is high,but the conventional purification process of flue gas produced during waste incineration（ SNCR denitrification ＋dry/semi-dry deacidification ＋ adsorption of dioxins and heavy metals by activated carbon ＋ bag dusting） has been unable to meet this requirement,and the newly added wet deacidification and SCR denitrification processes can meet this requirement. The flue gas purification process was optimized,and two feasible schemes were compared to choose the better one.

Regulations and Practice on Flue Gas Denitrification for Coal-Fired Power Plants in China

In China, according to the relative up-to-date regulations and standards, the maincontrol measure for NOX emission of coal-fired power plants is, in principle, low NOXcombustion. However, in recent years, more and more newlyapproved coal-fired plantswere required to install flue gas denitrification equipment. This article expounds if fluegas denitrification is necessary from several aspects, including constitution of NOX, itsimpact to environment, operation ofdeNOXequipment in USA, as wellas the differencein ambient air quality standard between China and World Health Organization. It setsforth themes in urgent need of study and areas where deNOX equipment is necessaryfor new projects, besides a recommendation that the emission standards for thermalpowerplants should be revised as soon as possible in China.

Flow Characteristics Diagnosis and Optimization for Dust Collectors Inflow Duct in Thermal Power Plants

火电厂烟风道用于输送烟气、冷风等介质，其设计优化水平不但影响火电厂烟风系统阻力的大小，而且影响与烟风道直接相连的各个设备的运行状态。某600MW机组除尘器前烟道设计不合理，存在磨损严重、进入除尘器烟气分配不均等问题，文中采用标准缸￡模型，利用Fluent求解器对该部分烟道的流场进行数值计算，诊断分析其存在的主要问题，提出的3个改造方案均可使烟道阻力大幅度下降、烟道磨损减轻、进入除尘器烟气分配均匀。同时，研究了缓转半径及烟气流速对该段烟道阻力和烟气分配的影响情况，计算结果表明该段烟道缓转半径宜选在0．875以上，烟气流速对该段烟道的性能基本没有影响。

FGD Capacity Prediction of Thermal Power Plants in China

Through analyzing the proportion of SO2 emission from thermal power plants in the nationwide SO2 emis- sion in USA, Japan etc. developed countries, and the developmental course of thermal power installed capacity and the FGD capacity in USA, the FGD capacity of thermal power plants in China is forecasted from two angles. One is to predict FGD capacity in accordance with the policy in force in China. The other is to predict FGD capacity based upon the emission right trading policy. As compared, it is held that FGD equipment should be mainly installed on the large size units burning high sulfur coal according to the emission right trading policy. Such a method of work not only can economize large amount of investments and operation costs, but also can realize the same environmental effect.

Tolerance Comparison Among Selected Spirulina Strains Cultured Under High Carbon Dioxide and Coal Power Plant Flue Gas Supplements

In order to explore the changes in the growth and protein contents of Spirulina and obtain a proper strain for the fixation of carbon dioxide(CO2 from flue gas,the strains isolated from the Spirulina farms and the strain 208 were cultured under different aeration conditions including no CO2,10%CO2 and coal power plant flue gas supplements.The physiological indexes including filament length,biomass yield and chlorophyll a,soluble protein and phycocyanin contents were determined,respectively.When cultured without CO2 supplement,the strain 4-5 exhibited the highest biomass yield(1.880 g L^(−1)and a specific growth rate(0.367 d−1.However,the specific growth rate of all strains decreased significantly when they were cultured under 10%CO2 and unfiltered coal power plant flue gas supplements.Considerable differences were noted in the performance of the experimental microalgal strains under different contemporaneous conditions.The strain 7-8 achieved the highest biomass yield(1.603 g L^(−1)and relatively high phycocyanin content(7.1%)under 10%CO2 supplement.We noted that strain 4-5 had the highest specific growth rate(0.182 d−1 and biomass yield(0.43 g L^(−1)under coal power plant flue gas supplement.Strain 6-10 displayed the highest soluble protein content(66.02%),and strain 7-8 showed the highest phycocyanin content(9.28%)under coal power plant flue gas supplement.

A Theoretical Investigation of Efficiency Enhancement in Thermal Power Plants

The need to operate a boiler efficiently in today’s environment is at the top of many plant owners and operators lists. Unfortunately, operating a boiler efficiently and meeting local emission regulations do not always go hand in hand. However, advances in boiler system design and technology have made this a much more achievable task. The potential for energy improvements and cost savings is substantial when considered that most boilers operating today are performing at efficiencies that are less than 70 percent. The performance calculation and rectification measures are essential for performance evaluation and efficiency enhancement. Since the efficiency decreases from time to time it is required to find out the losses occurring in boiler using proper methodology. The environmental issues and economy are the secondary factors to be considered after finding the losses. Due to increase in fuel price and demand in more energy requirement in everyday life, proper utilization of materials and resources are necessary. This present deals with the aim of estimating the heat losses occurring in thermal power plant boilers and hence finding suitable ways for reducing it, hence allowing plants to achieve more performance, sustainability and cost-effective maintenance operation of a steam system.

Application of Supercritical CO2 Gas Turbine for the Fossil Fired Thermal Plant

A supercritical CO2 gas turbine cycle can produce power at high efficiency and the gas turbine is compact compared with the steam turbine. Therefore, it is very advantageous power cycle for the medium temperature range less than 650 ℃. The purpose of this paper is to show how it can be effectively applied not only to the nuclear power but also to the fossil fired power plant. A design of 300 MWe plant has been carried out, where thermal energy of flue gas leaving a CO2 heater is utilized effectively by means of economizer and a high cycle thermal efficiency of 43.4 % has been achieved. Since the temperature and the pressure difference of the CO2 heater are very high, the structural design becomes very difficult. It is revealed that this problem can be effectively solved by introducing a double expansion turbine cycle. The component designs of the CO2 heater, the economizer, supercritical CO2 turbines, compressors and the recuperators are given and it is shown that these components have good performances and compact sizes.

Performance of Regenerative Gas Turbine Power Plant

This study aims to investigate the effect of regeneration on the output power and the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine power plant. The effect of ambient air temperature, regeneration effectiveness, and compression ratio on the cycle thermal efficiency was also investigated. An existed gas turbine power plant of AL ZAWIA is used as a base in this study, and the calculations were carried out utilizing MATLAB code. This intensive parametric study was conducted based on the fundamental of thermodynamics and gas turbine relations considering the effect of the operation conditions (ambient air temperature, regeneration effectiveness and compression ratio). It was found that adding regeneration to the simple gas turbine cycle results in an increase in the thermal efficiency of cycle. It was also found that including regeneration in gas turbine cycle results in an increase in the output power of the cycle, and it results in a decrease in the exhaust gas temperature. The effect of the regeneration effectiveness was also predicted. It was found that increasing of regeneration effectiveness results in an increase in the output power of the cycle. It was also found that the cycle thermal efficiency increases with increasing of the regenerative effectiveness. The effect of ambient air temperature was also predicted. Increasing of the ambient air temperature results in a decrease in the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

Pushing Forward Industrialization of Thermal Power Desulfuration

This paper introduces present state of industrialization development in flue gas desulfuration, including technological selection, state of design and contracting capability, localization of equipment, etc. in China. It points out main problems currently existed and presents proposals on promotion of desulfuration technology with selfowned intellectual property right, perfection of demonstrative projects and pushing forward localization of desulfuration equipment.

Field Studies on the Removal Characteristics of Particulate Matter and SO_(x) in Ultra-Low Emission Coal-Fired Power Plant

In order to reduce the environmental smog caused by coal combustion,air pollution control devices have been widely used in coal-fired power plants,especially of wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD)and wet electrostatic precipitator(WESP).In this work,particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm(PM_(10))and sulfur oxides(SO_(x))have been studied in a coal-fired power plant.The plant is equipped with selective catalytic reduction,electrostatic precipitator,WFGD,WESP.The results show that the PM_(10)removal efficiencies in WFGD and WESP are 54.34%and 50.39%,respectively,and the overall removal efficiency is 77.35%.WFGD and WESP have effects on the particle size distribution.After WFGD,the peak of particles shifts from 1.62 to 0.95μm,and the mass concentration of fine particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 0.61μm increases.After WESP,the peak of particle size shifts from 0.95 to 1.61μm.The differences are due to the agglomeration and growth of small particles.The SO_(3)mass concentration increases after SCR,but WFGD has a great influence on SO_(x)with the efficiency of 96.56%.WESP can remove SO_(x),but the efficiency is 20.91%.The final emission factors of SO_(2),SO_(3),PM_(1),PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)are 0.1597,0.0450,0.0154,0.0267 and 0.0215(kg·t^(−1)),respectively.Compared with the research results without ultra-low emission retrofit,the emission factors are reduced by 1~2 orders of magnitude,and the emission control level of air pollutants is greatly improved.

Flue Gas CO_2 Emission Reduction Technologies and Applications

The current status and trend of CO2 emission from coal-fired power plants in China are introduced. Main flue gas decarbonization technologies and their prospective of applications in China are discussed in two separate parts-capture and sequestration. It is stated that the selection of CO2 capture and sequestration technologies relates closely with the geographical location of power plants, with the destination of CO2 being the key. Further, it is suggested that industrialized test centers or test platforms of national or industrial level should be set up.

基于DCS的热电厂烟气净化系统研究

该文以DCS控制系统作为切入点,简要叙述DCS系统的结构组成、配置方案与设计原则,为DCS系统大规模应用推广奠定坚实基础,也为DCS系统的实践应用指明方向。重点基于DCS技术搭建热电厂烟气净化控制系统的具体策略,重点解决控制系统在前期搭建与投运使用阶段面临的现实问题。旨在全方位改善烟气净化控制效果,保障烟气净化系统平稳运行,帮助热电厂实现绿色生产目标。

基于PLC控制器的火电厂烟道除渣自动化控制系统研究

针对大型火电厂烟道除渣的自动化控制问题,设计了一种基于PLC控制器的烟道除渣自动化控制系统。系统在总体框架上包含了设备层、控制层和显示层;控制系统的硬件模块有FX2n-32MR型的PLC控制器、I/O模块、存储器模块、通信模块和电源模块;给出了PLC控制系统的基本控制流程,通过优化控制电感参数等控制系统的核心参数,提升PLC控制系统的稳定性和可靠性,达到高效除渣和节省能源、资源的目标。结果显示,基于PLC控制器的控制系统具有更高的除渣效率,耗时1418 s完成了对指定烟道的除渣工作;此外,PLC除渣控制系统在通信延迟控制、节水量和节能表现等方面,与传统控制系统相比也具有优势。

湿法脱硫装置石灰石浆液自动供给研究与应用

为提高火力发电厂烟气湿法脱硫装置(WFGD)的自动化水平,降低运行人员的劳动强度,以WFGD的历史实际运行大数据为基础,建立基于数据驱动的吸收塔出口SO 2浓度预测模型,结合脱硫机理模型开发石灰石浆液自动供给系统,该系统以闭环控制的方式应用在350MW机组脱硫装置石灰石浆液供给单元,实现了石灰石浆液的自动供给。实际运行效果表明:石灰石浆液自动供给系统可根据控制目标进行实时调整,吸收塔浆液pH控制稳定,净烟气中SO 2浓度贴近红线运行,降低了WFGD的石灰石耗量。

火电厂圆形烟风道模态分析与稳定性分析

以某火力发电厂1000MW发电机组的圆形截面烟道为研究对象,对其中的除尘器前烟道、引风机前烟道和引风机后烟道三个主要结构均建立有限元模型,并以此展开模态分析和稳定性分析。分析结果显示,上述结构均具有较高的稳定性,仅在径向上的刚度有待于进一步提升,因此在后续的优化工作中,可通过增加加固肋的型号予以优化,以提高刚度,同时也有助于提高系统固有频率并降低共振风险。

基于烟道喷雾蒸发技术的电厂脱硫废水处理研究

为了实现火电厂脱硫废水零排放,进行了基于烟道喷雾蒸发技术的电厂脱硫废水处理研究。先对废水进行预处理,除去悬浮物,然后,进入旁路蒸发器。旁路蒸发器利用电厂烟道内部少量高温烟气,蒸发雾化后的废水。蒸发废水后的结晶盐和粉煤灰被除尘器捕获,同时,水蒸气与烟气一同进入脱硫塔进行冷凝回用。以山西某电厂为对象进行了实际应用效果检测,结果显示,项目所用的旁路蒸发器入口温度在357~364℃,入口温度在153~162℃,蒸发效果良好。对锅炉的平均影响效率为0.08%,影响效果小。该项目系统可实现火电厂脱硫废水零排放,有效解决电厂脱硫废水处理问题,提高废水处理效率和资源利用率。

热电厂烟气脱硫系统的应用及问题分析

文章首先针对热电厂烟气脱硫系统的工作原理、应用效果以及存在的问题和挑战进行了深入研究和分析;其次介绍了热电厂烟气脱硫系统的背景和意义,探讨了其工作原理和主要脱硫方法,以及系统的基本组成和应用情况;再次分析了脱硫系统存在的问题和挑战,包括技术难题、能源消耗与成本问题、废弃物处理与资源利用以及运行与维护管理挑战等方面;最后提出了技术创新与改进方向、可持续发展策略以及未来发展趋势与前景展望。通过文章的研究和分析,可以为热电厂烟气脱硫系统的优化设计、运行管理和技术创新提供参考和指导。

有机高分子防腐内衬在电厂余热锅炉烟囱防腐改造中的应用

烟气余热回收是提高火力发电厂机组热效率的一项重要技术。在机组改造过程中,排烟温度降低会加剧烟气冷凝水对烟囱、烟道的腐蚀,对机组运行产生较大安全隐患。为确保机组安全稳定运行,需对机组余热锅炉尾部烟道、烟囱进行防腐改造。针对余热锅炉尾部烟道烟气不同工况,采用不同工艺防腐涂料的方式,隔绝内壁钢筒与湿烟气及冷凝水的接触,从而起到防腐作用。本文就燃气电厂实际改造过程中的防腐改造方案进行阐述,旨在为弹性(韧性)高分子防腐内衬材料的实际应用提供参考。

脱硝法在火电厂烟气净化中的喷氨技术优化研究

近年来,随着环境保护理念深入人心,火电厂作为我国主要的能源供应来源之一,应制定更加严格的排放标准。火电厂燃煤产生的烟气中含有大量的氮氧化物(NOx),这些有害物质不仅对环境造成污染,还对人体健康产生潜在影响。因此,有效净化烟气中的氮氧化物成为火电厂降低排放、提高环境质量的关键问题之一。本研究旨在提出一套科学、高效的喷氨方案,为火电厂烟气净化技术的进一步改进和优化提供参考。

火电厂高盐废水烟道旁路蒸发系统设计和运行分析

针对高盐废水旁路烟气蒸发工艺应用缺乏长时间运行案例经验,实际工程应用系统设计、设备选型、运行维护方面存在的问题,提出了改进方法和应对措施。优化雾化水泵选型、烟道布置、蒸发器烟温测点位置,灰斗侧壁加装物料破拱装置,增加雾化水管路大流量冲洗措施,蒸发器雾化水调节阀,采用V型调节球阀等。通过对火电厂高盐废水烟道旁路蒸发系统运行中出现的问题进行全面分析,并从工艺、设备及运行维护方面提出针对性措施,最终实现高盐废水烟道旁路蒸发系统安全稳定运行。