Effects of Biological Organic Fertilizer on Flue-cured Tobacco Chemical Composition

Through field experiment,special biological fertilizer and cake fertilizer were applied collectively to tobacco,and chemical compositions of Wanxi flue-cured tobacco leaves were researched.The results showed that the increase of biological organic fertilizer would significantly improve soil nutrient supplying capacity.Compared with conventional fertilization,the contents of reducing sugar,total sugar and starch in different parts of tobaccos which were applied with biological organic fertilizer were closer to standards of excellent tobacco.In the treatment,the ratio of reducing sugar and nicotine in tobacco was more suitable in middle and lower parts of the plant and the contents of total N,nicotine and chlorine in tobacco were lowered,improving tobacco quality.

Effects of Different Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Techniques on Flue-cured Tobacco Production

[Objectives]This study was conducted to find out the most suitable special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco production in tobacco-growing areas of Zhaotong City,so as to provide a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorganic fertilizers with improved efficiency in tobacco production in Zhaotong City.[Methods]Different formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for tobacco were designed by optimizing and adjusting the application amounts and proportions of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and medium trace elements in fertilizer formulas,and the formulas of special base fertilizer and special topdressing for flue-cured tobacco production were selected through a field plot experiment.[Results]The combination of special base fertilizer and special topdressing was conducive to the early growth and rapid growth of tobacco plants under the condition of reduced fertilizer application,and the treatment using organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as the special base fertilizer was the most obvious,with an average growth period of two days increased.Compared with conventional fertilization,the yield,output value,average price,proportion of superior tobacco and proportion of medium and superior tobacco increased in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment,with the yield increasing by 5.96%,the output value increasing by 17.08%,the average price increasing by 10.49%,the proportion of superior tobacco increasing by 4.63%,and the proportion of medium and superior tobacco increasing by 2.44%.It was concluded from indexes including growth period,agronomic traits,disease incidence and economic traits,the fertilization mode of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the addition of trace elements(boron,magnesium and zinc)applied as the base fertilizer and nitrogen and potassium topdressing was most efficient and economic.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for scientific fertilization and reduced application of inorganic fertilizers with improved efficiency in tobacco production in Zhaotong City.

Soil Fertility Properties of Tobacco Growing Area in Jiyuan

Soil fertility properties of the main tobacco growing area in Jiyuan （Shaoyuan,Wangwu,Xiaye and Daiyu） in west Henan Province were analyzed. Results showed that Jiyuan was one of the potential areas which could produce tobacco leaves with high quality. Its main properties of soli fertility were as follows：the content of total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,olsen-phosphorus and organic matters were suitable for high-quality tobacco production; especially,all the flue-cured tobacco growing areas in Henan Province were rich in available potassium; besides,the concentrate of water soluble chloride ion was at reasonable level. The problem was that the micro-elements such as Zn-DTPA and available boron content were at a low level in individual areas. Based on this survey,the recommendations for fertilization in Jiyuan such as stabilizing nitrogen rate,increasing phosphorus,stabilizing potassium,and applying boron commonly and supplementing zinc for the deficient soils were put forward.

Effects of Straw Covering and Different Types of Potassium Fertilizer on Salinity Accumulation in Surface Layer of Tobacco-planted Paddy Soil

[Objective] This study aimed to investigation the effects of straw covering and different types of potassium fertilizer on salinity accumulation in surface layer of tobacco-planted paddy soil in southern China. [Method] Tobacco variety ‘Yunyan87’ was used as the experimental material to investigate the effects of salinity accumulation in surface layer of tobacco-planted paddy soil on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco using different types of potassium fertilizer and mulching cultivation methods. [Result] The results showed that K＋ , Ca2＋ , SO42and NO3-were the major salt ions in topsoil at different growth stages of flue-cured tobacco, Na ＋ and Mg2＋ contents were also relatively high at vigorous growth stage, indicating that these salt ions were easily accumulated in surface layer of soil; to be specific, the absolute increase of salt ion concentration showed a decreasing order of K＋ SO42- NO3-Ca2＋ Mg2＋ Na＋ Cl-, while the relative increase of salt ion concentration showed a decreasing order of Ca2＋ K＋ Na＋ NO3-SO42-Mg2＋ Cl-. At 60 d posttransplanting, total salt content in topsoil reached the minimum of 359.1 mg/kg in Treatment 2, total salt content in topsoil reached the maximum of 536.1 mg/kg in Treatment 5 （CK）, which was significantly higher than that in other treatments. At 90 d post-transplanting, no significant difference was observed in total salt content among various treatments. At harvesting period, total salt content in topsoil reached the maximum of 3 278.4 mg/kg in Treatment 1, which was significantly higher than that in other treatments. Topsoil pH showed no significant differences among various treatments at three different periods, ranging from 5.39 to 5.59. Straw covering could effectively reduce salt content in topsoil, accelerate vigorous growth of tobacco, shorten vigorous growth period and increase plant height, leaf number and lead area; at vigorous growth stage, root vitality and root volume of tobacco were improved, but the yield and output value were relatively low. Major agronomic traits and yield of tobacco showed no significant difference among various treatments. Output value of tobacco reached the maximum of 24 196.8 yuan/hm2 in Treatment 3, which was significantly higher than that in other treatments. [Conclusion] Appropriate types and proportions of potassium fertilizer and straw covering can effectively reduce the total salt content in tobacco-planted paddy soil and increase the effective supply amount of K＋ , Ca2＋ , SO42-and NO3-, thereby promoting and improving the root vitality of tobacco, which is conducive to the growth and development of tobacco and will eventually enhance the yield, quality and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco.

Effects of Microbial Fertilizers in Improving Acidic Tobacco-planting Soil and Tobacco Leaf Quality

[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve acidic soil and enhance the quality of tobacco leaves.[Methods]The effects of different microbial fertilizers on improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and tobacco leaf quality were investigated through plot experiments.[Results]The application of microbial fertilizers could improve the pH value of acidic soil,and composite microbial agent A showed the best application effect.The application of bio-organic fertilizer was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available boron in acidic soil.The application of composite microbial agent A was beneficial to improving the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in acidic soil,and could promote the growth of tobacco plants and improve the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco and the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves.The application of composite microbial agent B led to a downward trend in the content of available boron in acidic soil.The application of composite microbial agent B could promote the absorption of nutrients by tobacco plants,and improve their disease resistance and the quality of tobacco leaves.Due to the differences in functional microorganisms contained,the application effects of different microbial fertilizers in improving acidic tobacco-planting soil and improving tobacco leaf quality varied.Overall,the application of microbial fertilizers could increase soil pH,activate soil nutrients,promote tobacco growth,enhance disease resistance,increase tobacco output value,and improve tobacco quality.Microbial fertilizers have good application prospects in improving acidic soil and improving tobacco quality.[Conclusions]The application of microbial fertilizers to improve acidic tobacco-planting soil can ensure the normal growth and development of tobacco plants and the improvement of tobacco leaf quality,achieving high-quality and sustainable development of Zhaotong tobacco.

Research on Soil Conservation and Improvement Technology in Zhaoyang District

The environment of tobacco-growing soil directly affects the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.In order to solve problems of tobacco-growing soil degradation,low organic matter content and unbalanced soil nutrient supply and promote sustainable and healthy development of tobacco production,this paper comprehensively discussed conservation and improvement techniques of tobacco-growing soil based on existing problems in Zhaoyang District,aiming to provide reference for tobacco-growing soil conservation.

长期施肥对植烟土壤微生物的影响

【目的】微生物是土壤的重要组成分,与土壤养分转化供应密切相关。本研究利用12年肥料定位试验研究了云南植烟土壤可培养微生物数量、微生物量碳氮、标记性磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)、微生物种群特征及有益微生物的变化。【方法】试验设置不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)和化肥配施有机肥(CFM)处理,在烟株旺长期,采集0—20 cm耕作层土壤,测定了微生物量碳、氮含量,微生物标记磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)含量和可培养微生物数量;鉴定自生固氮菌、磷细菌和钾细菌的数量;根据PLFAs计算了微生物种群特征值。【结果】有机无机肥配施处理的土壤中,可培养细菌比不施肥土壤增加了6.14倍、真菌增加了2.30倍、放线菌增加了1.56倍,增幅显著高于化肥处理;施肥显著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮量。化肥和有机无机肥配合处理土壤的微生物量碳分别比CK增加了71.8%和246%;不同施肥处理土壤微生物量碳/氮比值显著不同,分别为14.8(CK)、13.3(CF)和11.2(CFM)。微生物标记性PLFAs含量以化肥有机肥配合处理最高,化肥处理次之,CK最低。化肥、化肥配施有机肥处理土壤细菌PLFAs比对照分别增加了25.41%和87.66%,真菌PLFAs分别增加了15.59%和39.24%,化肥处理代表放线菌的PLFAs降低了24.63%,化肥配施有机肥处理增加了83.86%,表明施肥尤其是化肥配施有机肥改善了土壤环境,促进了微生物的生长繁殖,并改变了土壤微生物种群结构;施肥处理土壤中微生物群落多样性指数上升,化肥处理还提高了微生物的优势度指数,说明施肥有益于增加微生物的种群数量,化肥配施有机肥处理显著提高了无机磷细菌和钾细菌的数量,两者分别比对照增加了1.15倍和1.02倍,化肥处理则相反,自生固氮菌和无机磷细菌数量分别比CK降低了56.69%和41.30%;化肥配施有机肥处理土壤中的自生固氮菌、磷细菌和钾细菌共有20个属,CK土壤有19个属,化肥处理土壤仅16个属。【结论】CFM促进微生物生长繁殖,增加种群多样性,有益于微生物固氮、溶磷、解钾,对于提高肥料利用率和保持土壤健康有重要意义。在烟叶栽培过程中,提倡化肥与有机肥配合施用很有必要。

不同饼肥配比对烟田土壤生物学特性及氮素转化的影响

施用芝麻饼肥是河南烟叶提质增效的一大特色,纯芝麻饼肥因量少价高在生产上的使用受到限制,而菜籽饼肥资源丰富且价格低廉,本研究拟通过比较不同菜籽和芝麻饼肥配比对土壤微生物区系、微生物生物量、酶活性及氮素转化的影响,明确能培肥烟田土壤及提升烟叶质量的合理饼肥配比,实现菜籽和芝麻饼肥资源的优化配置。结果表明:较其他处理,芝麻饼肥配比高的T5(化肥+30%菜籽饼肥+70%芝麻饼肥)和T6(化肥+100%芝麻饼肥)处理在烤烟团棵期、旺长期和现蕾期土壤有较好的微生物增殖,但菜籽饼肥配比高的T2(化肥+100%菜籽饼肥)和T3(化肥+70%菜籽饼肥+30%芝麻饼肥)处理在烤烟成熟期土壤微生物数量多于其他处理。各处理微生物生物量碳均在烤烟现蕾期出现峰值,微生物生物量氮和磷在团棵期有峰值。除过氧化氢酶外,脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶及蔗糖酶活性在烤烟旺长期有峰值且T5和T6处理高于其他处理。腐熟芝麻饼配比高的T5和T6处理更符合优质烤烟生产的氮素营养特性,且两者间无显著差异。菜籽饼肥配比高的T2和T3处理氮素矿化速度慢,不利于烟叶后期的品质建成。因此,推荐以30%菜籽饼肥+70%芝麻饼肥来替代100%芝麻饼肥处理,这样既可节约成本,又能有效改善烟田土壤生物学特性,平衡烤烟氮素营养,提升烟叶品质。

与化肥配施的菌肥用量对土壤肥力特性的影响

【目的】探寻适合与化肥配施的菌肥用量,以期指导广东省南雄烟区大田烟草施肥。【方法】利用已分离的有益微生物菌株(包括具固氮解磷功能的固氮菌属Azotobacter sp.菌株x34、具解钾功能的芽孢杆菌属Bacillus sp.菌株jb21、属于光合细菌的胶状红长命菌Rubrivivax gelatinosus菌株sbg11)与有机物发酵配制而成的菌肥,通过烟草大田试验,以不同施用量的菌肥为处理,即CK(清水对照)、T1(化肥)、T2(低用量的菌肥+化肥)、T3(中用量的菌肥+化肥)、T4(高用量的菌肥+化肥),每株按照基肥∶追肥=1∶1的比例施肥。低、中、高用量菌肥分别按照每株基肥10、20、40 g的量施用,所有处理的氮、磷、钾施入总量相等,研究不同用量的菌肥对土壤肥力和土壤微生物的影响。【结果】大田条件下,菌肥+化肥处理能有效提高土壤中有机质含量,显著提高土壤中碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量,增强土壤基础呼吸强度,有效提高土壤中细菌和放线菌数量,降低真菌数量。【结论】中用量菌肥(T3,即每株烟草基肥和追肥分别施用20 g菌肥)增强土壤肥力的效果更明显,可作为该菌肥的推荐用量。

不同生物有机肥与烟草专用复合肥配施对烤烟根际土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响

采用田间试验,以烟草专用复合肥为对照,研究4种不同生物有机肥与烟草专用复合肥配施对烤烟根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响.结果表明,与CK相比,施用生物有机肥明显增加了根际土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌数量,提高了脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性,其中生物有机肥A在整个烟叶生长进程中对细菌数量影响更显著,并且显著增加了旺长期细菌、真菌、放线菌数量,且对烟叶生长中期脲酶活性影响较大;生物有机肥D显著增加了旺长期放线菌数量;从移栽35 d到50 d,生物有机肥A,生物有机肥D增加了多酚氧化酶活性,促进更多的有机质分解并被烟叶吸收;生物有机肥C显著增加烟叶生长进程中过氧化氢酶活性;生物有机肥B仅对烟叶生长前期放线菌、脲酶、多酚氧化酶影响较大.A无论对烤烟根际土壤微生物数量还是土壤酶活性、生物有机肥作用均最明显.

施肥对烤烟土壤微生物群落结构多样性及蔗糖酶活性的影响

为给烤烟的可持续生产和科学施肥提供理论依据,采用盆栽试验探讨了施肥对烤烟土壤微生物群落结构多样性及蔗糖酶活性的影响,并分析了二者的相关性。结果表明:化肥配施有机肥和有机肥处理有利于土壤微生物生长和繁殖,细菌、真菌、放线菌及微生物总PLFAs的含量比不施肥处理提高幅度为17.56%～61.58%,以有机肥处理PLFAs含量提高最为显著,各处理的高低趋势均为:有机肥>化肥配施有机肥>不施肥>化肥。施肥处理显著提高了烤烟土壤微生物的多样性、均匀度和优势度指数,增加细菌/真菌比值,说明肥料的施入,改善了土壤微生物生态环境,丰富土壤微生物种群。施肥还提高土壤蔗糖酶活性,化肥配施有机肥和有机肥处理显著高于化肥,并与土壤各类微生物PLFAs的含量显著相关。由此可见,在烤烟种植过程中,从土壤微生物角度来看,化肥配施有机肥和施有机肥均对土壤健康有利。

不同施肥处理对烤烟根际土壤微生物菌群及烟叶品质的影响

在烟草种植过程中,采用不同的施肥处理,测定了烟草根际土壤微生物类群的数量变化,分析了烤烟的外观质量、中部烟叶的化学成分及烤后烟经济性状。结果表明,生物有机肥与土壤调理剂的配合施用对烟草根际微生物的类群及烟叶品质的影响最为显著。与对照(CK)相比,细菌、真菌、放线菌的平均数量增加了40%、63.9%、5.7%;在旺长期,细菌、真菌分别增加了84.5%、53.3%,烟叶的氮碱比、钾氯比分别提高了11.9%、65.9%,其内部的化学成分更趋于协调,中部烟叶的成份与色度较为显著的改善;烤后烟叶产量、产值及上等烟、上中等烟比例,依次提高了5.0%、6.9%、2.0%、1.0%。生物有机肥与土壤调理剂的配合施用,可以调节土壤生态环境,增加微生物种群及数量,提高烟叶品质及经济效益。

河南省不同烤烟种植区微生物肥效应差异

以河南省不同烤烟种植区为条件,研究了施用微生物肥对土壤微生物数量、烟叶经济产量及化学品质的影响及其相关性。结果表明:4种微生物肥均在一定程度上增加了根际土及非根际土中细菌、真菌及放线菌的数量,并且提高了烤烟的经济产量及化学品质。豫南雨养烟区(SR)微生物肥C对烟叶产量和产值增幅最多,分别比对照提高28.92%、51.95%,微生物肥A对提高上部烟叶钾含量效果最佳,比对照提高47.10%;豫西旱作烟区(WD)微生物肥D对烟叶产量和产值增幅效果最佳,分别比对照提高12.43%、23.49%,微生物肥C对下部烟叶钾含量提高最为显著,比对照增加55.68%。土壤微生物数量与烟叶产量及化学品质间具有一定相关性,豫南雨养烟区(SR)细菌与钾呈极显著正相关,真菌与烟碱呈极显著正相关,与氯呈极显著负相关;豫西旱作烟区(WD)细菌与烟叶产量、产值、氯含量之间呈显著正相关,与烟碱含量呈显著负相关。总之,受气候等生态条件影响,建议豫南雨养烟区(SR)示范应用微生物肥C,豫西旱作烟区(WD)示范应用微生物肥D。

竹炭配施有机肥对砜嘧磺隆胁迫下土壤微生物特性及烟草生长的影响

以毕纳1号烟草为供试材料,在砜嘧磺隆残留土壤中配施竹炭和有机肥,测定不同时期烟株农艺性状,烟株根系土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌数量和脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性,烟叶生理生化指标和化学成分及烟叶和土壤的砜嘧磺隆残留量,并分析其相关性,为前茬除草剂土壤残留致后茬烟草药害的缓解及其污染土壤的修复提供科学依据。结果表明:每株烟草配施4%竹炭和有机肥100 g对砜嘧磺隆胁迫下烟株的修复效果最佳,使其基本恢复到正常生长水平。烟苗移栽后30 d和60 d,4%竹炭配施有机肥100 g处理显著增加了土壤中微生物数量,烟株根际土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌数量比药剂对照分别提高61. 29%、118. 18%、146. 67%和84. 84%、73. 52%、48. 14%,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性分别比药剂对照提高74. 29%、64. 95%、131. 59%、56. 65%和84. 56%、63. 09%、121. 44%、57. 02%;烟苗移栽后90 d,增加了致害烟叶的过氧化氢酶活性、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量,减少了致害烟叶的丙二醛含量;同时加快了砜嘧磺隆在土壤中的降解速率,改善了致害烟叶品质,其糖碱比(9. 66)和氮碱比(0. 99)处于优质烟叶范围。相关性分析表明,配施竹炭和有机肥的烟株根际土壤微生物数量与脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性呈正相关关系;根际土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性与烟叶品质间具有明显的相关性。总之,竹炭配施有机肥对砜嘧磺隆残留土壤微生物数量和酶活性有明显提高作用,增强了致害烟株的抗逆性,对致害烟株有较好的修复效果。

生物炭基肥对植烟土壤微生物功能多样性的影响

为探讨生物炭基肥对植烟土壤化学特性及微生物功能多样性的影响,通过大田试验,研究了施用不同量生物炭基肥(0、0.9、1.5、2.1 t·hm^(-2))后土壤养分和微生物群落功能多样性的变化。结果表明,添加生物炭基肥显著提高了土壤有机碳(SOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)和微生物量氮(MBN)含量,较对照分别提高了23%～40%、8%～49%和49%～97%,降低了矿质氮含量,降低范围30%～49%。微生物功能多样性结果显示,生物炭基肥可以增强土壤微生物对碳源的利用程度(AWCD),显著增加Shannon多样性指数(H)、Simpson多样性指数(D)和McIntosh多样性指数(U),降低了Shannon均一性指数(E)。主成分和热图分析表明,单施化肥处理和增施少量生物炭基肥处理(0.9 t·hm^(-2))的土壤微生物碳源利用差异较小,随着生物炭基肥用量的增加,土壤微生物群落碳源利用的分异程度加剧。研究认为,施用生物炭基肥提高了植烟土壤肥力,增加了微生物碳源利用能力和功能多样性,施用量1.5 t·hm^(-2)即可对烟田土壤养分及生物学特性有较好的改善作用。

烤烟石灰性黄壤肥力状况及其与土壤微生物的关系

以烤烟石灰性黄壤为对象,研究了不同施肥处理条件下土壤营养状况、酶活性、微生物生物量及数量。结果表明,施肥显著提高全量养分氮、磷、钾含量及蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性,其高低趋势为:有机肥(M)>有机无机配施(CFM)>无机肥(CF)>不施肥(CK);碱解氮、有效磷及有效钾含量提高幅度分别为1.26～1.36、4.83～5.26、1.11～1.65倍,以有机无机配施有效养分含量增加最为显著;有机肥及有机无机配施处理不仅提高土壤有机质含量,还有利于土壤微生物的生长繁殖,土壤微生物量碳、氮及细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均有不同程度的提高,而无机肥效果不明显。相关分析表明土壤有机质、全量养分及酶活性与微生物量碳、氮及细菌和放线菌呈显著或极显著正相关关系。综合考虑土壤的肥力状况及微生物生态环境,烤烟栽培实践中施有机肥是很有必要的。

绿肥掩青对烤烟土壤及烟叶致香成分的影响

研究了绿肥掩青对烤烟土壤酶活性、微生物数量和烟叶致香成分含量的影响。结果表明,绿肥掩青能够提高土壤酶活性,提高土壤微生物数量,显著提高土壤的根系活力,提高烟叶香气成分的含量。因此,绿肥掩青能够很好地改良土壤,改善烟叶质量。

氰氨化钙及其与生物炭和饼肥配施对植烟土壤酶活性与微生物总量的影响

为了探讨氰氨化钙及其与生物炭和饼肥配施对植烟土壤酶活性与微生物总量的影响,分别在湖南的浏阳永安和永州江永两地进行了150 kg/hm^(2)氰氨化钙(T1)、150 kg/hm^(2)氰氨化钙配施600 kg/hm^(2)生物炭(T2)、150 kg/hm^(2)氰氨化钙配施600 kg/hm^(2)饼肥(T3)和常规施肥(CK,不施用氰氨化钙)4个处理,结果表明,在酶活性上,浏阳永安和永州江永两地除了酸性磷酸酶表现为CK显著高于T1、T2、T3处理的外,其他的均表现为T2和T3处理的显著高于T1处理,而T1处理的又显著高于CK的;在配施中,除了土壤脲酶活性在浏阳永安表现为T2处理效果最好但与T3处理的差异不显著外,其他的均表现T3高于T2处理,说明配施生物炭和饼肥可以提高土壤酶活性;除了土壤磷酸酶活性在移栽后的100天(后期)外,其他3种酶活性均表现为浏阳永安的效果显著优于永州江永的,这可能与两者的土壤质地(前者为红壤土后者为砂质土)的差异有关。在微生物总量上,浏阳永安和永州江永两地均表现为T1处理的显著高于CK的;浏阳永安和永州江永两地在氰氨化钙及其与生物炭和饼肥配施的细菌总量上均表现为T3>T2>T1>CK,在真菌总量上均表现为T1>T3>T2>CK,在放线菌总量上均表现为T1>T2>T3>CK,这说明与对照相比,施用氰氨化钙可以促进微生物总量的增加;但氰氨化钙与生物炭和饼肥配施则对植烟土壤微生物数量的影响不同,其中氰氨化钙配施生物炭和饼肥可以促进土壤中细菌总量生长,而单独施用氰氨化钙则有益于促进真菌和放线菌总量的增加。

有机肥部分替代化肥对植烟土壤生化特性和烤烟品质的影响

为了筛选适宜的有机肥种类,进一步提高烤烟品质,以云烟87为研究对象,采用田间试验研究了高碳基肥、炒芝麻、生物有机肥、腐熟芝麻饼肥分别与烟草专用复合肥配施对植烟土壤生化特性及烟叶产量和品质的影响。结果表明,配施有机肥可以提高烤烟大田生长各阶段土壤中有机质含量和土壤酶活性,增强土壤微生物功能多样性,其中大田前期配施高碳基肥处理提升幅度最大,中、后期则是配施炒芝麻处理效果最为明显;配施炒芝麻对烤烟品质有显著改善作用,配施高碳基肥对烤烟产量、产值提高幅度最大。综合来看,高碳基肥和炒芝麻部分替代化肥是周口烟区较适宜的施肥方式。

有机肥与化肥配施对土壤微生物及烟叶品质的影响

在曲靖市宣威烟区,通过田间试验研究了两种有机肥与无机肥按不同比例配施对植烟土壤综合肥力、土壤微生物数量、云烟105烟叶综合品质的影响。结果表明:氨基酸菜籽饼肥和甲壳素氨基酸有机肥与无机肥按不同比例配施均能在一定程度上提高土壤微生物数量和土壤综合肥力;在烤烟生长发育期间,所有处理植烟土壤中微生物数量均呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,且均在现蕾期达到最大值;与施用烟草专用复合肥(CK)相比,30%甲壳素氨基酸有机肥与70%无机肥混施处理能显著提高烤烟现蕾期土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量(P<0.05),分别提高了490.90%、93.02%和39.58%;该配施处理还使植烟土壤综合肥力和烟叶综合品质分别较CK提高了22.64%和10.71%。