Effects of Meteorological Factors on the Yield and Quality of Special Rice in Different Periods after Anthesis

In order to investigate the effect of meteorological factors on the yield and quality of special rice during the filling stage, an experiment was conducted with 10 special rice varieties which were planted in three different regions during spring 2017. The results showed that the quality traits and yields from different regions of the same variety were different, which reached up to a significant level in most varieties. Among the quality traits, the grain chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree were the most sensitive to different climatic factors, and changes were found among them in different regions, while minor variation was found between brown rice rate and white rice rate. The parameters that were severely affected by temperature were gel consistency, gelatinization temperature, brown rice rate and yield during the filling stage. The critically affected factors by heat were brown rice rate, protein content, essential amino acid and amylose content while brown rice rate, chalkiness rate and gelatinization temperature were substantially affected by water factors. Grain yield and quality were closely related to meteorological factors on different stages after heading. Our results revealed that yield and quality of special rice were significantly influenced by meteorological factors during the grain filling stage.

Effects of Vermicompost on Agronomic Characters and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

The effects of vermicompost on the agronomic characters and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were investigated. The results showed that, the field growth periods of various treatments were 117-118 d, 1-2 days longer than that of the CK. The numbers of effective leaves of the treatments applied with vermicompost were 0.1-0.3 leaf more than the CK. The highest yield and the highest proportion of high-grade tobacco occurred in treatment 3 as 2 095.5 kg/m^2 and 49%, respectively, which were higher than those in the CK by 6.58 kg and 5.3%. In conclusion, the treatment with the application of vermicompost at 7 500-10 500 kg/hm^2 was the best.

Effects of Different Transplanting and Harvest Dates on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

In this study,the effects of nine different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were investigated.The results showed that different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates had few effects on growth period and agronomic characters of tobacco plants but exerted remarkable effects on economic characters and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves.With the postponing of transplanting stage,output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves increased.Output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves in C1treatment（normal harvest） was higher than that in C2（harvest 7 d later） and C3（harvest 14 d later） treatments.Different combinations of transplanting and harvest dates had significant effects on chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves,which exhibited no obvious law.Overall,flue-cured tobacco leaves in T3C1treatment（transplanting 14 d earlier,normal harvest） displayed excellent performance compared with other treatments.

Effects of Meteorological Factors on Overwintering Ability,Yield and Quality of Forage Rape

In order to investigate the effects of meteorological factors on rape overwintering ability,forage yield and quality of rape in the North China plain,Brassia campestris L.and Brassica napus L.were used in this study.The results showed that compared with the B.napus L.varieties,the growth period of B.campestris L.was shortened by 10-15 d,the overwintering rate(WR)increased by 50.6%,and the density after winter(PD)increased by 41.5%.The fresh forage yield(FFY)and dry forage yield(DFY)of the B.campestris L.type significantly increased by 40.9%and 38.1%compared with the B.napus L.type.,respectively,while the forage quality of the B.napus L.type rape was significantly better than that of the B.campestris L.type.Compared with the B.campestris L.type,the crude protein(CP),fat,ash and total fatty acid(TFA)contents of the B.napus L.type of rape increased by 27.6%,42.9%,23.9%and 52.3%,respectively,and the milk productivity(HM),relative forage value(RFV)and relative forage quality(RFQ)increased by 14.0%,16.2%and 42.1%,respectively.The light and heat resources before wintering increased the WR and PD(P<0.05),and were positively correlated with FFY and DFY(P>0.05),and lower temperature during the wintering period led to lower WR(P<0.01).The light and heat resources during the overwintering period and after regreening were negatively correlated with FFY and DFY(P>0.05).The contents of CP,fat and TFA of rape had an extremely significant negative correlation with the temperature and sunshine hours before wintering,but an extremely significant positive correlation with the temperature during the wintering period and after regreening,as well as the sunshine hours and rainfall during the wintering period;and HM had an extremely significant positive correlation with the temperature,sunshine hours and rainfall during the wintering period,while RFV and RFQ were only extremely significantly positively correlated with the maximum temperature and rainfall.In summary,in the North China Plain,for autumn sowing rape,the B.campestris L.type can be selected to improve the wintering rate,and the B.napus L.type should be the main choice to improve the forage quality of rape.Therefore,the B.napus L.variety HYZ62 can be selected for autumn sowing in the North China Plain.

Effects of Tobacco-dedicated Plant Nutrition Regulators on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

During 2012-2014,field trials were carried out in Huili County,Dechang County and Mianning County of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture to investigate effects of tobacco-dedicated plant nutrition regulators on yield and quality of fluecured tobacco leaves,aiming at providing reference for tobacco production.According to the results,in tobacco fields applied with tobacco-dedicated plant nutrition regulators,growth period of tobacco was shortened compared with control group;botanical characters（plant height,stem girth,the maximum leaf length,the maximum leaf width,internode length and leaf number） were superior to control group;after application of tobacco-dedicated plant nutrition regulators,yield,output value and the proportion of high-grade and middle-grade leaves were significantly improved compared with control group;moreover,flue-cured tobacco leaves exhibited more coordinated chemical composition.

Effects of Amount of Green Manure Returned to Field on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

The effects of amount of green manure returned to field on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by field experiment. The results showed that significant positive correlation existed between tobacco leaf yield and small or moderate amount of green manure returned to field. Path analysis showed that moderate amount of green manure returned to field affected yield and quality of tobacco leaves, small green manure returned to field mainly affected leaf yield, while large amount of green manure returned to field mainly affected leaf quality. Therefore, the effect of moderate amount of green manure returned to field on yield and quality of tobacco leaves was best, and moderate amount of green manure returned to field was recommended in production of flue-cured tobacco.

Effects of Applying Trace Clements on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Cuibi-1

[Objectives]To optimize the fertilization technology of flue-cured tobacco Cuibi-1.[Methods]From 2015 to 2016,the experiment of spraying Saikun multi-trace element water-soluble fertilizer was carried out.[Results]7 d and 14 d after transplanting tobacco seedlings,3750 mL/ha,300 times diluted Sakun multi-trace element aqueous solution was sprayed,the growth period of Cuibi-1 in the field was extended by 3-5 d.The incidence of mosaic disease at the rosette stage and granuville wilt at the foot leaf harvesting and curing stage decreased by 4.50-20.85 kg/ha,the yield increased by 67.8-68.7 kg/ha,the proportion of high-quality tobacco increased by 1.29-3.01 percentage points,and the output value increased by 2692.5-3441 yuan/ha,the sensory smoking quality has improved.[Conclusions]Increasing the application of multiple trace elements can increase the economic benefit and industrial use value of tobacco leaf production of Cuibi-1.

Effects of Soil Amendment on Growth,Yield and Output of Flue-cured Tobacco in South Anhui Province

[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil amend- ment composed of biochar and inorganic mineral material on growth and develop- ment, yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in South Anhui Province. [Method] A field plot experiment was conducted. The agronomic traits, yield and output value, as well as appearance quality and flavor of flue-cured tobacco were evaluated. [Re- suit] The soil amendments composed of biochars and inorganic mineral materials could significantly increase plant height, stem diameter, leaf size, yield and output of flue-cured tobacco, as well as proportion of first-grade tobacco leaves at the middle and late growth period. The yield in the X3 treatment group （70% T20 ＋ 30% ZC） was highest, and it was higher than that in the control group by 398 kg/hm2. Com- pared with that in the control group, the output of flue-cured tobacco in the X3 treatment group was increased by 10 290 yuan/hm2. In terms of appearance quality and flavor, the flue-cured tobacco leaves in the soil amendment treatment groups were all better than those in the control group. [Conclusion] The application of soil amendment composed of biochar and inorganic mineral material is an effective mea- sure to improve tobacco-growing soil, promote tobacco growth and development, im- prove tobacco yield and output and improve tobacco leaf quality in South Anhui re- gion.

Investigation and Analysis of Continuous Cropping of Flue-cured Tobacco in Henan Province

The continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco in the major producing areas of Henan Province by designing questionnaire, fieldwork, enquiry and phone calls, mails, and other forms, the data were obtained then classified and analyzed. The results showed that the main planting areas of flue-cured tobacco were in Nanyang, Xuchang, Luoyang, Sanmenxia, Pingdingshan, and Luohe where were the major producing areas of succession cropping of flue-cured tobacco with percentage of 20%-40% for three years and over three years, and a few places up to 50%. Morbidity was common with wide distribution, and the main diseases were black shank, viral disease, and black rot. It proved that tobacco was not suitable for continuous cropping. Both of tobacco disease and pest rate and mortality significantly increased by more than 40% under continuous cropping for three years and over three years, and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco also decreased after continuous cropping. For many places, the tobacco yield started to decrease in the second year of continuous cropping, and after three-year cropping, the yield decreased in the range of 9%-24%. Continuous cropping for a long time would make a serious decline in the quality of tobacco, resulting in non-economic benefits. Therefore, in order to reduce the occurrence of diseases and economic loss in tobacco production, it is recommended to avoid continuous cropping, or to adopt appropriate measures to control tobacco continuous cropping obstacles in the unavoidable case.

Effects of Iron-zinc Combined Application on Yield and Quality of Tobacco

[Objective] This study aimed to improve the yield and quality of tobacco. [Method] Different proportion combinations of zinc sulfate and iron sulfate were applied to Jiyan 9, and its agronomic traits, field natural incidence, economic characters and chemical composition were compared among different treatments. [Result] Iron-zinc combined application improved the yield and quality of tobacco. Among all the treatments, Treatment 2 （FeSO4 15 kg/hm2 ＋ ZnSO4 10 kg/hm2） and Treatment 5 （FeSO4 15 kg/hm2 ＋ ZnSO4 15 kg/hm2） were the best. [Conclusion] This study will provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of yield and quality of tobacco.

Effect of Combined Application of Organic Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer in Different Ratios on Growth,Yield and Quality of Fluecured Tobacco

The effect of different ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco was studied.Using randomized blocks design,the data of the test materials K326 were analyzed by using variance analysis,significance test and other methods.The release efficiency of organic fertilizer in the soil was slower,and the effect of organic fertilizer on the growth of tobacco plants was worse than that of chemical fertilizers,and under 25% organic fertilizer + 75% chemical fertilizer treatment,the quality of the fluecured tobacco was good.Under the treatment of 50% organic fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer,the production of flue-cured tobacco was high and the ratio of first-class tobacco was high.It is suggested that the organic fertilizer application ratio should be 25%-50% in the agricultural production.

Effect of Amino Acid Fertilizer on Flue-cured Tobacco Fertilizer Reducing and Efficiency Increasing

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effect of amino acid fertilizer on the growth, development and quality of flue-cured tobacco. [Method] With Yunyan 87 as tested flue-cured tobacco varieties, three treatments （chemical fertilizer （control）, chemical fertilizer＋solid amino acid, chemical fertilizer＋liquid amino acid） were set up to study the effects of amino acid fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco fertilizer reducing and efficiency increasing by means of contrast in the same field. [Result] The flue-cured tobacco applied solid amino acid fertilizer had the best performances of overall agronomic traits and the highest yield, while liquid amino acid fertilizer was conductive to the top leaf opening, making the raw tobacco appearance best, and could increase the proportion of middle and high quality tobacco, gaining good economic benefits. The flue-cured tobacco treated by liquid amino acid fertilizer had the optimal ratio of total sugar to nicotine and disaccharide differences in tobacco leaves, and the best coordination of chemical composition. Compared with the contrel, tobacco treated by amino acid fertilizer had less irritating and more comfortable taste, and the tobacco treated by liquid amino acid had light miscellaneous gas, and the best overall performance of sensory quality. [Conclusion] Chemical fertilizer＋liquid amino acids is conductive to promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco leaves.

Effects of Warming Seedling Cultivation Technology on Growth, Yield and Quality of Fluecured Tobaccos

An experiment of seedling nursing which used film mulching technology in greenhouse to increase temperature was carried out in the south of Hunan province in 2014. The results showed that the average surface temperature of seedling tray and the average water temperature of nursing pool at 10：00 and 16：00 in treatment1 which used film mulching technology in a greenhouse were higher than that of CK（no film mulching）, suggesting the warming effect of mulching film in a greenhouse is obvious. The growth potential of tobacco seedling is stronger in treatment1 than CK, and tobacco seedling quality index including the fresh and dry weight of stem, leaves and roots increased. Plant height, stem girth and leaves area of the treatment 1 were higher and more than that of CK after transplanting. Squaring,topping and maturity period were slightly earlier in the treatment 1, compared with that of CK. Average yield of treatment 1 was 2 308.8 kg/hm^2, which increased by6.03% and was significantly higher than that of CK,and the output value of the treatment 1 was 50 184.75 yuan/hm^2, which increased by 5.61%.

Evaluation and Selection of Appropriate Tobacco Varieties for Badong,Hubei Province

In order to screen out high quality and high yield varieties of flue-cured tobacco suitable for planting in tobacco area of Badong County,three new strains were screened in the field.The results showed that,compared with Yunyan 87,the agronomic and economic traits of three new strains were slightly worse.HB202 performed relatively well;the internal chemical component contents of HB204,HB094 and Yunyan 87 were relatively harmonious;and the sensory quality of tobacco leaves of different varieties was medium aroma quality,almost sufficient aroma volume,almost comfortable aftertaste and slight irritancy.Yunyan 87 was relatively better than the three tested new strains.

移栽期对辣椒产量、光合特性及气象因子的响应

为探索不同移栽期对贵州辣椒产量、品质及光合特性的影响,以贵州主栽品种‘辣研一号’、‘遵义朝天椒’、‘线椒269’为试材,设置7个移栽期,比较不同移栽期辣椒产量结构差异,并分析温度和降水与辣椒生育期进程、光合特性指标、产量构成和品质指标等的关系。在贵州地区,辣椒生长阶段平均气温对产量影响最大,各生育阶段持续天数与气象因子有关。适时早播能延长辣椒的生育天数,增加辣椒开花后的日较差,提升净光合速率,温度和降水主要通过影响辣椒植株的株高、茎粗、维生素C、辣椒素、二氢辣椒素等指标影响产量和品质。辣椒产量随着移栽期推迟表现出先增加后逐渐减少的趋势,适时的早播有利于辣椒增产。

播期对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量、品质的影响及其与气候因子的相关性

以杭嘉湖稻区生产上大面积推广的优质水稻品种甬优1540为材料,研究甬优1540稻米品质、产量、产量构成因子对不同播期(4月30日、5月10日、5月20日)的响应,及其与气候因子的关系。结果表明,播期适当推迟,可显著提高甬优1540产量(产量峰值出现在播期5月10日和5月20日),增产主要源于除有效穗外产量构成因子不同程度提高;甬优1540的加工、外观和蒸煮品质随着播期延迟亦不同程度提升,但营养食味品质有所不同。由此可见,杭嘉湖稻区优质稻甬优1540在5月10日左右播种能一定程度上实现产量与米质的协同变优。分析不同播期播种水稻,穗发育、籽粒灌浆阶段的气候因子与产量及米质指标相关性发现,日均日照时数、日均气温、日最高温度、日最低温度与每穗粒数(R=-0.25~-0.82,P<0.001)、加工品质(R=-0.28~0.90,P<0.001)负相关;而灌浆期昼夜温差与千粒重(R=0.6,P<0.001)、碱消值(R=0.50,P<0.001)、胶稠度(R=0.87,P<0.001)和蛋白质含量(R=0.74,P<0.001)正相关,与稻米直链淀粉含量(R=-0.83,P<0.001)显著负相关,表明适度缓解穗发育期和籽粒灌浆期高温胁迫,提高灌浆期昼夜温差,有利于提高水稻加工和蒸煮食味品质,是通过播期调整协同优化稻米产量和品质的关键。

中式雪茄烟生育期气候影响因子分析——以湖北来凤为例

为揭示湖北省来凤雪茄烟生长和气象因子的密切相关性,本研究以湖北来凤2008—2021年气象观测资料为数据基础,结合部分国外数据的文献,运用非线性多项式拟合的时间分布和线性趋势变化诊断及倾向率,计算分析了适宜雪茄烟生长的湖北来凤不同发育期气候特征。并用气象产量的分离计算方法和Person相关系数,进一步分析了气象因子和气象产量的相关性。研究结果表明,来凤雪茄烟区光温互补,降水适中,光照适宜,月季分配较好,为来凤雪茄烟提供了优良的生长条件,也为发育期各个时段适宜的气象因子提供了参考依据,证明了来凤的气象综合条件基本很好地满足了雪茄烟优质发展指标需求。

凉山烟区生态因素与烟叶质量特点分析

对四川省凉山烟区适宜种植烤烟的基础条件、气候因素、土壤养分状况及所产烟叶的质量特点进行了分析。结果表明:①该烟区具有无霜期长,≥10℃积温高,日均温≥20℃持续天数多等特点,地形地貌多以河谷和中低山为主,土壤主要类型有红壤、紫色土、黄棕壤、水稻土等。土壤多呈中性至微酸性,0～60cm土层的土壤含氯量较低,多项指标均达到了烤烟适宜或最适宜类型生长发育所要求的环境条件;②凉山烟区太阳辐射较强、日照时数较长、降雨量较适宜是形成该区烟叶香气质好、量足,区域特色明显的主要生态学因素;③凉山烟区土壤养分含量存在一定的差异。一般土壤有机质含量较丰富,总体供氮水平较高,土壤可交换阳离子含量适中,多数中微量元素含量丰富,但由于部分土壤速效磷和硼含量较低,在一定程度上影响了烟叶质量,烟草生长前期应适当增施磷肥作为基肥和后期追施硼肥;④凉山烟叶颜色以桔黄为主,外观品质较好。化学成分含量较适宜,比例协调。香型风格突出,感官质量较好。

气象条件对三七药材道地性的影响

比较分析了云南文山和广西靖西所产三七的质量和产量,三七生长发育过程中各发育阶段气象条件的差异,以及相互之间的关系。得出云南文山所产三七无论在质量还是产量上均优于广西靖西,其主要是由于云南文山具有全年日照充足;温度适宜,变化平稳;降雨适中,时间变化合理等有利的气象条件,有利于三七的生长以及有效成分和干物质的积累。

气候生态因素对烤烟产量与品质的影响及植烟措施研究

江西省烤烟产量与烟碱含量赣南优于赣中和赣北 ,赣南平均产量为 192 0 .0kg/hm2 ,赣中为 1698.0kg/hm2 ,赣北为 170 5.5kg/hm2 ;平均烟碱含量赣南为 2 2 .7g/kg ,赣中为 18.2 g/kg ,赣北为 13 .5g/kg。简析了该省烤烟各生育期气候条件对其产量和品质的影响 ,确定烤烟各生育阶段对光、温、水要求的主次 ,并提出植烟栽培措施。