Bone remodeling is performed under the joint action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Since the effect of osteoclasts has been gradually recognized on bone and joint diseases, targeted researches toward osteoclasts have...Bone remodeling is performed under the joint action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Since the effect of osteoclasts has been gradually recognized on bone and joint diseases, targeted researches toward osteoclasts have become a hot research field. This article reviews the relevant medical literature concerning the possible effects of the fluid shear stress (FSS) on the osteoclastogenesis chiefly from the aspects of RANKL-RANK-OPG system, the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and calcitonin receptor (CTR). On the basis of the changes of the expression of osteoclastic activities, it is suggested that FSS is a potent, important regulator of bone metabolism.展开更多
Endothelial cells(ECs)that reside on the surface of blood vessels are constantly exposed to mechanical stimulation,including shear stress.Fluid shear stress(FSS)controls multiple physiological processes in ECs,regulat...Endothelial cells(ECs)that reside on the surface of blood vessels are constantly exposed to mechanical stimulation,including shear stress.Fluid shear stress(FSS)controls multiple physiological processes in ECs,regulating various pathways that maintain vascular tone and homeostasis function.The complexity of in vivo biological systems raises a demand for better in vitro techniques,which can generate FSS to closely mimic the cellular microenvironment.Through the rational design and use of flow chamber devices,in vitro fluidic systems are critical for a deeper understanding of endothelial responses to various shear conditions.The paper describes principal types of FSS systems,including functional attributes,development process and recent experiments on ECs.Finally,we prospect their possible contribution in the field of endothelial diseases.展开更多
血管内皮细胞糖萼是位于内皮细胞表面的一层多糖蛋白复合结构,在内皮细胞表面形成选择性通透屏障。在对糖萼进行概述后,主要针对在流动剪切力作用下,糖萼与物质传输,尤其是与大分子物质如低密度脂蛋白（low density lipoprotein,LDL）...血管内皮细胞糖萼是位于内皮细胞表面的一层多糖蛋白复合结构,在内皮细胞表面形成选择性通透屏障。在对糖萼进行概述后,主要针对在流动剪切力作用下,糖萼与物质传输,尤其是与大分子物质如低密度脂蛋白（low density lipoprotein,LDL）的关系展开论述。其关系体现为：一方面,糖萼的厚度和完整性影响LDL的浓度极化及跨内膜输运;糖萼中的硫酸肝素蛋白聚糖参与残余脂蛋白代谢的全过程。另一方面,LDL的氧化产物ox-LDL会破坏内皮细胞糖萼层的主要成分硫酸肝素。研究糖萼与脂蛋白的关系,将为阐明动脉粥样硬化的发病机理提供新的线索,并为将糖萼作为新的防治靶点提供更多依据。展开更多
The lacunar-canalicular system(LCS)is acknowledged to directly participate in bone tissue remodeling.The fluid flow in the LCS is synergic driven by the pressure gradient and electric field loads due to the electro-me...The lacunar-canalicular system(LCS)is acknowledged to directly participate in bone tissue remodeling.The fluid flow in the LCS is synergic driven by the pressure gradient and electric field loads due to the electro-mechanical properties of bone.In this paper,an idealized annulus Maxwell fluid flow model in bone canaliculus is established,and the analytical solutions of the fluid velocity,the fluid shear stress,and the fluid flow rate are obtained.The results of the fluid flow under pressure gradient driven(PGD),electric field driven(EFD),and pressure-electricity synergic driven(P-ESD)patterns are compared and discussed.The effects of the diameter of canaliculi and osteocyte processes are evaluated.The results show that the P-ESD pattern can combine the regulatory advantages of single PGD and EFD patterns,and the osteocyte process surface can feel a relatively uniform shear stress distribution.As the bone canalicular inner radius increases,the produced shear stress under the PGD or P-ESD pattern increases slightly but changes little under the EFD pattern.The increase in the viscosity makes the flow slow down but does not affect the fluid shear stress(FSS)on the canalicular inner wall and osteocyte process surface.The increase in the high-valent ions does not affect the flow velocity and the flow rate,but the FSS on the canalicular inner wall and osteocyte process surface increases linearly.In this study,the results show that the shear stress sensed by the osteocyte process under the P-ESD pattern can be regulated by changing the pressure gradient and the intensity of electric field,as well as the parameters of the annulus fluid and the canaliculus size,which is helpful for the osteocyte mechanical responses.The established model provides a basis for the study of the mechanisms of electro-mechanical signals stimulating bone tissue(cells)growth.展开更多
文摘Bone remodeling is performed under the joint action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Since the effect of osteoclasts has been gradually recognized on bone and joint diseases, targeted researches toward osteoclasts have become a hot research field. This article reviews the relevant medical literature concerning the possible effects of the fluid shear stress (FSS) on the osteoclastogenesis chiefly from the aspects of RANKL-RANK-OPG system, the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and calcitonin receptor (CTR). On the basis of the changes of the expression of osteoclastic activities, it is suggested that FSS is a potent, important regulator of bone metabolism.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A20390,11827803 and 11302020).
文摘Endothelial cells(ECs)that reside on the surface of blood vessels are constantly exposed to mechanical stimulation,including shear stress.Fluid shear stress(FSS)controls multiple physiological processes in ECs,regulating various pathways that maintain vascular tone and homeostasis function.The complexity of in vivo biological systems raises a demand for better in vitro techniques,which can generate FSS to closely mimic the cellular microenvironment.Through the rational design and use of flow chamber devices,in vitro fluidic systems are critical for a deeper understanding of endothelial responses to various shear conditions.The paper describes principal types of FSS systems,including functional attributes,development process and recent experiments on ECs.Finally,we prospect their possible contribution in the field of endothelial diseases.
文摘血管内皮细胞糖萼是位于内皮细胞表面的一层多糖蛋白复合结构,在内皮细胞表面形成选择性通透屏障。在对糖萼进行概述后,主要针对在流动剪切力作用下,糖萼与物质传输,尤其是与大分子物质如低密度脂蛋白（low density lipoprotein,LDL）的关系展开论述。其关系体现为：一方面,糖萼的厚度和完整性影响LDL的浓度极化及跨内膜输运;糖萼中的硫酸肝素蛋白聚糖参与残余脂蛋白代谢的全过程。另一方面,LDL的氧化产物ox-LDL会破坏内皮细胞糖萼层的主要成分硫酸肝素。研究糖萼与脂蛋白的关系,将为阐明动脉粥样硬化的发病机理提供新的线索,并为将糖萼作为新的防治靶点提供更多依据。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11972242 and 11632013)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M680913)。
文摘The lacunar-canalicular system(LCS)is acknowledged to directly participate in bone tissue remodeling.The fluid flow in the LCS is synergic driven by the pressure gradient and electric field loads due to the electro-mechanical properties of bone.In this paper,an idealized annulus Maxwell fluid flow model in bone canaliculus is established,and the analytical solutions of the fluid velocity,the fluid shear stress,and the fluid flow rate are obtained.The results of the fluid flow under pressure gradient driven(PGD),electric field driven(EFD),and pressure-electricity synergic driven(P-ESD)patterns are compared and discussed.The effects of the diameter of canaliculi and osteocyte processes are evaluated.The results show that the P-ESD pattern can combine the regulatory advantages of single PGD and EFD patterns,and the osteocyte process surface can feel a relatively uniform shear stress distribution.As the bone canalicular inner radius increases,the produced shear stress under the PGD or P-ESD pattern increases slightly but changes little under the EFD pattern.The increase in the viscosity makes the flow slow down but does not affect the fluid shear stress(FSS)on the canalicular inner wall and osteocyte process surface.The increase in the high-valent ions does not affect the flow velocity and the flow rate,but the FSS on the canalicular inner wall and osteocyte process surface increases linearly.In this study,the results show that the shear stress sensed by the osteocyte process under the P-ESD pattern can be regulated by changing the pressure gradient and the intensity of electric field,as well as the parameters of the annulus fluid and the canaliculus size,which is helpful for the osteocyte mechanical responses.The established model provides a basis for the study of the mechanisms of electro-mechanical signals stimulating bone tissue(cells)growth.
