A New Global Solar-induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence(SIF)Data Product from TanSat Measurements

The Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite Mission(TanSat)is the third satellite for global CO2 monitoring and is capable of detecting weak solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)signals with its advanced technical characteristics.Based on the Institute of Atmospheric Physics Carbon Dioxide Retrieval Algorithm for Satellite Remote Sensing(IAPCAS)platform,we successfully retrieved the TanSat global SIF product spanning the period of March 2017 to February 2018 with a physically based algorithm.This paper introduces the new TanSat SIF dataset and shows the global seasonal SIF maps.A brief comparison between the IAPCAS TanSat SIF product and the data-driven SVD(singular value decomposition)SIF product is also performed for follow-up algorithm optimization.The comparative results show that there are regional biases between the two SIF datasets and the linear correlations between them are above 0.73 for all seasons.The future SIF data product applications and requirements for SIF space observation are discussed.

Estimating plant crown transpiration and water use efficiency by vegetative reflectance indices associated with chlorophyll fluorescence

This research developed estimates of plant crown transpiration and water-use-efficiency using reflectance and derivative indices extracted from remotely sensed chlorophyll fluorescence measurements under natural conditions. Diurnal changes of leaf-level gas exchange (carbon assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E)), chlorophyll fluorescence and canopy-scale remote sensing were measured on top crown of valley oak (Quercus lobata) in the foothills of central California, USA. The results indicated Q. lobata experienced saturating irradiance (PAR), which induced photoinhibition indicated by a decrease in the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (r2 = 0.648 with Fv ′/Fm′ and r2 = 0.73 with FPSII) and open reaction centers (qP;r2 = 0.699). The excess absorbed quantum energy was dissipated as heat through the Xanthophyll cycle and other processes (photorespiration and the water-water cycle) rather than energy emission as steady state chlorophyll fluorescence (Fs). An increase in leaf temperature caused by the activity of Xanthophyll cycle was correlated to a decrease in Fs (r2 = 0.381) and an increase in evaporative cooling through E (r2 = 0.800) and water use efficiency (WUE;r2 = 0.872).

A Composite Catalytic Oxidation-fluorescence Sensing System for 2,4-dichlorophenol Analysis based on Fe(Ⅲ)PcTs-BuOOH-CdTe QDs

The active oxygen species in the catalytic oxidation system of Fe(Ⅲ)PcTs-t-BuOOH were identified,and the mechanism of the catalytic oxidation of phenolic substrates was proposed.Quinone imine molecules,the main products of catalytic oxidation reaction,can be adsorbed on the surface of CdTe QDs,resulting in their fluorescence quenching.A dual function of catalytic oxidation and fluorescence sensing was developed for the determination of dichlorophenol(DCP)based on the Fe(Ⅲ)PcTs-BuOOH-CdTe QDs system.The linear detection range of DCP was 1×10^(-6)-1.3×10^(-4) mol/L,and the detection limit 2.4×10^(-7) mol/L.This method was characterized by high selectivity,good repeatability and desirable stability,presenting promising potentials for analyzing DCP concentration in real water samples.

Use of Fluorescence and Reflectance Spectra for Predicting Okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>) Yield and Macronutrient Contents of Leaves

In-field proximal sensing of most major crops nutrients still remains an economical and technical challenge. For this purpose, the use of effective multi-excitation fluorescence and reflectance wavelengths is explored in this work on Okra plant. Visible-near infrared (400 - 1000 nm) reflectance and multi-fluorescence data were collected at leaf scale in a chemically fertilized field by using an USB spectrometer mounted with an Arduino-based LED driver clip. N, P, K and Ca content of samples leaves were measured using reference methods. Average pods yield and leaves macronutrients content were calibrated using IRIV-PLS regression after spectra pretreatments. Single informative wavelengths bands in reflectance, red and far-red fluorescences were selected for building yield and macronutrient content models. We showed that flowering stage was more suitable for yield prediction. Moderately useful macronutrient models were found in Ca content (RPDval = 1.93, rP = 0.818) and potassium content with RPDval = 1.8, rP = 0.88. P and N yielding prediction performance of RPDval = 1.61 (rP = 0.718 ) and RPDval = 1.46 (rP = 0.56) respectively were less accurate. This study demonstrates potentiality of fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy for accurate estimation of leaf macronutrient content and crop yield. High selectivity obtained from resulted spectral bands could lead to the development of reliable, rapid and cost-effective devices for nutrient diagnosis.

Intramolecular Charge Transfer Dual Fluorescence pH Sensing using p-Dibutylaminobenzoic Acid-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex

The intramolecular charge transfer dual fluorescence of p-dibutylaminobenzoic acid-b-cyclodextrin inclusion complex showed a substantially higher sensitivity toward aqueous solution pH variation when compared with that of p-dibutylaminobenzoic acid alone, which established a new principle for direct CT fluorescence sensing in aqueous solution by using the CT fluorophore-cyclodextrin inclusion complex.

Direct Fluorescence Sensing of Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution Using Intramolecular Charge Transfer Emission from Aggregates of Pentaerythrityl Tetra(p-dimethylaminobenzoate)

Pentaerythrityl tetra(p-dimethylaminobenzoate) (PTDMAB) was synthesized and shown to emit in water-rich aqueous dioxane solutions the intramolecular charge transfer fluorescence that was sensitive to the presence of metal ions.

Construction of Fluorescence Sensing Platform on the Basis of Carbon Nitride Nanosheet for the Detection of Interferon-γ

Purpose: Interferon-γ (INF-γ) is a cytokine that participates in the immune reaction of the body. Its level of secretion can reflect the immune response condition after the body is infected by pathogens, which is a significant indication of clinically-related diseases. Therefore, it is of great significance in application to develop a fluorescence biosensor to inspect INF-γ with rapidness, high sensitivity and high practicability. Method: The fluorescence sensor is made on the basis of the two-dimensional nano-material namely Carbon Nitride Nanosheet (CNNS) and the Aptamer probe to identify INF-γ (Apt&reg;INF-γ). CNNS can quickly quench the Cy5 fluorescent dye modified on the Apt&reg;INF-γ probe due to the Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET), but when the INF-γ exists, Apt&reg;INF-γ specifically identifies and combines it. The complex of Apt&reg;INF-γ and INF-γ is away from CNNS, which can effectively block the fluorescent signal of Apt?INF-γ being quenched by CNNS. Result: The sensitive detection of IFN-γ protein can be achieved through the application of CNNS/Apt&reg;INF-γ fluorescence sensing platform. In this method, the intensity of the fluorescent signal is positively correlated with the concentration of IFN-γ, of which the liner response range is 0.5 - 100 ng/mL and the limit of detection is 0.303 ng/mL. In addition, this fluorescence sensing platform has the advantages of high specificity, simple operation and low costs. It can inspect the content of IFN-γ in clinical serum samples without interference. The actual recovery rate of serum samples is 97.11% - 106.96%. Conclusion: Therefore, the CNNS/Apt&reg;INF-γ sensing platform is expected to be implemented in the actual clinical detection, also conducive to developing a universal fluorescence biosensor to inspect other target materials.

A BIOSENSOR USING COUPLED PLASMON WAVEGUIDE RESONANCE COMBINED WITH HYPERSPECTRAL FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS

We developed a biosensor that is capable for simultaneous surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing and hyperspectral fuores cence analysis in this paper.A symmetrical metal-dielectric slabscheme is employed for the excitation of coupled plasnon waveguide resonance(CPWR)in thepresent work.Resonance bet ween surface plasmon mode and the guided waveguide mode gen-erates narrower full width half-maximum of the refective curves which leads to increased pre.cision for the determination of refractive index over conventional SPR sensors.In addition,CPWR also fers longer surface propagation depths and higher surface electric field strengthsthat enable the excitation of fluorescence with hyperspectral technique to maintain an appreci-able signal-to-noise ratio.The refractive index information obtained from SPR sensing and thechemical properties obt ained through hyperspectral fluorescence analysis confirm each other toexclude false-positive or false-negative cases.The sensor provides a comprehensive understandingof the biological events on the sensor chips.

Construction of Fluorescence Sensing Platform on the Basis of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheet for the Detection of AFB1

Purpose: Aflatoxin B1 is the most common mycotoxin in cereal crops;it is of stronger toxicity and has a carcinogenic effect. In recent years, a series of fluorescence sensors constructed on the basis of MoS2NS fluorescence quenching property have become a research hotspot. Therefore, we can construct a fast and simple analysis method with high specificity to detect AFB1 by utilizing MoS2NS, which can be effectively applied to food safety monitoring and clinical diagnosis. Method: In the current research, a fluorescence biosensor is developed on the basis of a new type of two-dimensional nano-material namely MoS2NS applied for the detection of AFB1. The fluorescence of Apt@AFB1 can be quickly quenched by MoS2NS through the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). When the target molecule AFB1 exists, after the specificity binding between AFB1 and aptamer, the Apt@AFB1 loses its single stranded structure and is away from MoS2NS, and the fluorescence of Apt®AFB1 cannot be quenched effectively. Such sensing signals can be used to achieve the sensitive detection of AFB1. Result: With this new method, under the optimized conditions, the AFB1 is analyzed in the MoS2NS/Apt®AFB1 sensing platform. Within the dynamic range of 0.2 - 25 ng/mL, the sensing platform expresses a good linear response to the level of AFB1 with the R2 = 0.9964 and LOD as 90 pg/mL. This method is applied to detect the actual serum samples and soybean milk with the recovery rate of 93.10% - 107.23% and 95.15% - 102.60% separately, and it can be used in the quantitative detection under the interference of other mycotoxins in a relatively accurate way. Conclusion: It is proved that this new detection method can be used as a potential biosensor platform for the detection of AFB1. This detection method features several advantages such as specificity, rapidness and low costs, which can meet the requirement of trace detection in clinical detection and food safety.

Synthesis of a Rhodamine-Appended Cyclophane as a Fluorescence Host in Water

A cationic water-soluble cyclophane (1a) having a rhodamine moiety as a red-fluorescence fluorophore was prepared by reaction of a monoamine derivative of tetraaza[6.1.6.1]paracyclophane having three N-t-butoxycarbonyl-β-alanine residues with rhodamine B isothiocyanate, followed by removal of the protecting groups. The guest-binding behavior of 1a toward anionic guests such as dabsyl derivative and 4-(1-pyrene)butanoate was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The results suggested the formation of host-guest complexes with a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 and the binding constants (K) of the host-guest complexes were evaluated.

A portable optical sensing system for rapid detection of fluorescence spectra

Development of a prototype of a portable optical sensing system is presented for fast detecting of samples’fluorescence spectra.A compact configuration is achieved by integrating a small spectrometer,a microcontroller,a Universal Serial Bus(USB)Host Shield,a network module,and a web server.The fluorescence spectra of a tested sample can be obtained.Then the test data are sent through network communication to our Cloud Server which can store the data for further analyses.With this configuration,test results can be revealed in a short time and downloaded by users to their laptops,tablets or cellphones anytime and anywhere.

Solvent-free synthesis of hierarchical Tb^(3+)-doped Yttrium benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate metal organic framework nanosheets for fast and highly sensitive fluorescence detection of Fe3+and Cr2O72−ions

Controllable synthesis of luminescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) having the merits of ease preparation, outstanding sensitivity and stability is of great significance for exploring their efficient sensing applications. Herein, we report a hierarchical terbium-doped yttrium-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate MOF nanosheet via solvent-free synthetic strategy with a topological structure of MIL-78. The fluorescence property of the hierarchical Tb^(3+)-doped Y-based MOF nanosheets can be tuned by adjusting the molar ratio of Tb^(3+) to Y^(3+) ions, and the Tb_(0.5)Y_(0.5)-MOF nanosheet-like morphology with the optimum characteristic Tb^(3+) ion green emission exhibited great potential acting as fluorescence probe for highly sensitive Fe^(3+) and Cr_(2)O_(7)^(2−) detection. The Tb^(3+)-doped Y-MOF nanosheets show a fast response time of less than 1 s for Fe^(3+) ions. They also have low detection limits of 0.40 and 0.26 µM toward Fe^(3+) and Cr_(2)O_(7)^(2−) ions, respectively, as well as excellent stability. This work paves the way to explore intriguing hierarchical MOF-based luminescent materials for efficient fluorescence sensing applications.

Preparation and performance of fluorescent sensing coating for monitoring corrosion of Al alloy 2024

A kind of fluorescent sensing coating was prepared for monitoring corrosion of aluminum alloys by incorporating phenylfluorone(PF) into acrylic paint as sensing material. The fluorescent dye PF reacts with aluminum ions on corroded aluminum substrate to occur fluorescence quenching observed in UV light. This paint system is sensitive to underlying corrosion processes through reacting with the Al3+ produced by anodic reaction accompanying corrosion. After a certain time, when the samples of Al alloy 2024 coated with PF-acrylic paint were immersed in 1 mol/L NaCl solution, fluorescence quenching spots can be seen with unaided eyes. With the development of corrosion process, the size of fluorescence quenching spots increases. Active corrosion areas on the sample surface were found under the fluorescence quenching spots by optical microscope. The corrosion areas can be observed more clearly by SEM, and many pits are found. This suggests that the fluorescence quenching spots are the sites of produced Al3+ by the anodic reaction of the local attack of the coated Al alloy substrate in the chloride solution and the corrosion process of the coated Al alloy can be monitored on-line by the sensing coating. The sensitivity of this coating system for detection of anodic reaction associated with corrosion was determined by applying constant charge current and measuring the charge, at which fluorescence quenching is detected in the coating with unaided eyes. Visual observation of coated samples can detect fluorescence change resulting from a charge corresponding to an equivalent hemispherical pit with approximate depth of 50 μm.

Influence of Insertion of the Last Sense Codon on Expression Efficiency of Green Fluorescent Protein Gene in Escherichia coli

We studied the relationship between insertion of the last sense codon (i.e., the codon preceding the stop codon) and the efficiency of gene expression. We inserted 64 kinds of last sense codon at the 5’ end of the stop codon of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and introduced the modified GFP genes into Escherichia coli (E. coli). Measuring the fluorescence intensity of the GFP produced in E. coli showed that the last sense codon influenced GFP gene expression and when CCG was inserted as the last sense codon, fluorescence intensity of E. coli was increased to 2.09 fold. On the other hand, insertion of CUA caused decrease of fluorescence intensity to 0.33 fold. We hope that our findings, which may be applicable to gene engineering, will be useful for further studies of protein expression.

Biocatalytic Synthesis of Fluorescent Conjugated Polyserotonin

Polyserotonin was enzymatically synthesized using Horseradish peroxidase(HRP)as the catalyst.This novel conjugated polymer exhibited good fluorescent properties with significantly higher Stokes shift than its monomer.The enzymatic polymerization eliminated the need for extensive purification of the product(typically necessary for the removal of residual metal catalyst)allowing the product to be naturally fluorescent as synthesized.The reaction was monitored using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and the polymers were characterized using Fluorescence,Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR)and Thermogravimetry.The possibility of using polyserotonin for the detection of nitro-aromatic compounds,including 2,4-dinitrotoluene(DNT)and trinitrotoluene(TNT),through fluorescence quenching at parts per million levels in solution has also been demonstrated.

吡喃衍生物传感明胶双通道指示鱼肉新鲜度

以苯并吡喃为荧光团,通过引入吸电子基三氰基呋喃延长共轭体系,设计合成了胺类敏感型荧光探针CHM。该探针在EtOH/H2O(5/5,V/V)体系中对11种胺有荧光增强响应,具有较大的斯托克斯位移(120 nm),较低的检测限(腐胺,1.3μmol/L),并可在活细胞中对腐胺荧光成像。将CHM负载到明胶上,制备的传感明胶CHMGL对挥发性胺的颜色变化明显,可通过比色和荧光双通道对三文鱼鱼肉新鲜度进行实时监测,从而准确判断鱼肉的鲜度。

基于红光波段冠层SIF降尺度的小麦条锈病遥感监测

为减弱冠层几何结构等因素对传感器探测到的冠层日光诱导叶绿素荧光(Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, SIF)的影响,探讨了条锈病胁迫下红光波段荧光(Red SIF,RSIF)的响应特性,并以RSIF为自变量构建了小麦条锈病遥感监测的线性回归(Simple linear regression, SLR)及非线性回归(Non-linear regression, NLR)模型。结果表明:叶片尺度RSIF在小麦条锈病遥感监测中具有较大优势,其与小麦条锈病病情严重度(Severity level, SL)间相关系数较远红光波段SIF(Far-red SIF,FRSIF)提高13.2%,以叶片尺度RSIF为自变量构建的SLR及NLR模型预测D_(SL)与实测D_(SL)之间R^(2)较FRSIF分别增加9.8%、38.9%,RMSE分别降低23.1%、36.4%。此外,降尺度处理能够提高RSIF监测小麦条锈病的精度,叶片尺度RSIF与D_(SL)之间R^(2)较冠层尺度增加126.3%,以叶片尺度RSIF为自变量构建的SLR和NLR模型预测D_(SL)与实测D_(SL)间R^(2)较冠层尺度分别提高114.3%和233.3%,RMSE分别降低16.7%、15.4%。本文提出方法可提高小麦条锈病遥感监测精度,同时对其它胁迫的遥感监测具有一定的参考价值。

柱芳烃基聚合物合成、主客体性质及应用研究

柱芳烃基聚合物是一类特殊的大环聚合物,由多个柱芳烃单体通过共价键连接而成。因其独特的分子结构,柱芳烃基聚合物在环境科学、材料科学以及生物医学等多个领域迅速发展。本文介绍了不同类型柱芳烃基聚合物合成方法,在分子识别方面的最新研究进展,及其在吸附分离、传感检测、药物传递和催化等方面的应用。最后,讨论了当前柱芳烃基聚合物面临的挑战及其发展前景。

Preparation of multicolor carbon dots with thermally turn-on fluorescence for multidimensional information encryption

Carbon dots(CDs)with superior fluorescence properties have attracted a growing number of research interests in anti-counterfeiting.However,the preparation of CDs with thermally turn-on fluorescence and full-color-emitting in visible spectrum is still a big challenge due to the complicated reaction mechanism in the formation of CDs.Here,a simple precursor-oriented strategy for the preparation of multicolor CDs with heat-stimuli turn-on fluorescence is reported.Comprehensive experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations revealed that the emission wavelength of CDs can be readily tuned from 460 nm to 654 nm with selected precursors,which was ascribed to the extent of conjugated sp2-domains(core states)and the amount of oxygen-and nitrogen-containing groups bound to sp2-domains(surface states).After simply mixing two or three kinds of CDs,a full-color range of fluorescence emission was realized,and the CDs-based fluorescence inks were successfully fabricated.Particularly,all the printed patterns from the inkjet exhibited a thermal-induced enhancement in fluorescence.On this basis,combining CDs with heating-induced“turn-off”fluorescence materials can lead to multidimensional and multistage encryption.These results demonstrate that the thermochromic and photochromic CDs with much more enhanced security exhibit promising application in data storage and encryption.

高灵敏、多响应的镧系金属有机骨架的设计、合成和荧光传感性能

基于5-(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)间苯二甲酸(H_(4)dppa)配体,通过水热法设计并合成了2种镧系金属有机骨架(Ln-MOFs):{(dima)[Dy(dppa)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·2.5H_(2)O}n(Dy-MOF)和{(dima)[Eu(dppa)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·1.5H_(2)O}n(Eu-MOF)(dima=二甲胺阳离子)。并用元素分析、红外光谱、单晶X射线衍射等对其进行了结构表征。2种Ln-MOFs为异质同构的二维网状结构,相邻的二维网络通过氢键作用进一步形成三维超分子网络结构。荧光分析表明Dy-MOF和Eu-MOF在室温下具有优良的荧光性能,而且Dy-MOF还具有优异的荧光传感性能,可高效、高灵敏检测多种水中污染物:苯胺(ANI)、硝基苯(NB)、四环素(TC)、嘧霉胺(PTH)以及色氨酸(Trp)。此外还探究了Dy-MOF检测污染物时的荧光淬灭机理。