Evaluation of Clinical Application of Chemiluminescence and Real-time,Fluorescence-based Quantitative PCR in Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr Virus lnfection

Objective:To compare the effects of clinical application of chemiluminescence and real-time,fluorescence-based quantitative PCR in the detection Epstein-Barr virus(EBV).Methods:The data of chemiluminescence and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.fromipaEsfwo were suspected of being infectea w1tn rito1 roro January 2016 to January 2019 in our hospital were analyzed.The specific stage of EBV infection was analyzed,and the differences in results of the two detection methods were compared.Results:Chemiluminescence method was used to detect EBV infection during the active phase.The sensitivity of the chemiluminescence method was 76.7%(56/73)and the real-time quantitative PCRmethod was 90.4%(66/73).There was a statistical difference between the two detection methods(P<0.05).Conclusion:There was no statistical difference in positive predictive values between the chemiluminescence method and the real-time,fluorescence-based quantitative PCR method in the detection of EBV infection,but the sensitivity of chemiluminescence method is slightly lower than the real-time quantitative PCRmethod.It is noteworthy that chemiluminescence method is convenient and fast while the real-time,fluorescence-based quantitative PCR method is more accurate,which can provide a more accurate reference for clinical treatment.

Evaluation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis in Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum Under Hypoxic Stress

Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)has been widely used for gene expression analysis,and selection of reference genes is a key point to obtain accurate results.To find out optimal reference genes for qRT-PCR in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in response to hypoxia,different tissues were used and compared to evaluate the stability of candidate reference genes under low oxygen stress(DO 0.5mgL^(−1) and DO 2.0mgL^(−1))and normal condition(DO 7.5mgL^(−1)).Seven candidate reference genes were selected to evaluate the stability of their expression levels.The reference genes were evaluated by Delta Ct,BestKeeper,NormFinder and geNorm,and then screened by RefFinder calculation.Under hypoxic stress of 0.5mgL^(−1),the most suitable reference gene for gill and hepatopancreas was RPL31,and the optimal reference genes for axe foot and adductor muscle were TUB and HIS,respectively.For hypoxic stress of 2.0mgL^(−1),the most stable reference gene for gill and hepatopancreas was RPL31,and the optimal reference genes for axe foot and adductor muscle were RPS23 and EF1A,respectively.At the normal condition,HIS and EF1A were identified as the optimal internal reference genes in gill and hepatopancreas respectively,and GFRP2 was the best internal reference gene for axe foot and adductor muscle.The present findings will provide important basis for the selection of reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis of gene expression level in bivalves under hypoxic stress,which might be helpful for the analysis of other molluscs too.

Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR非特异性扩增的研究进展

Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)因其高效快速、操作简便、高度敏感等优点获得广泛应用,但因其强大的放大功能而容易出现非特异性扩增的问题,尤其是荧光染料法中更加明显。文章对RT-qPCR的原理、非特异性扩增的发生因素、解决方案及该技术的应用前景进行了综述。

5种猪源消化道传播病原体荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

猪源人兽共患病不仅威胁公共卫生安全,还威胁生猪养殖业的健康发展;其中消化道传播是其主要的传播途径。为及时鉴定出经消化道传播的病原体,本试验建立了猪源大肠杆菌、沙门菌、单增李斯特菌和志贺菌的四重荧光定量PCR和戊型肝炎病毒荧光定量PCR检测方法,并优化反应体系和条件,实现5种病原体的同时检测;并利用荧光定量PCR与普通PCR对117份猪临床样品(病变组织、粪便和肌肉等)进行对比检测。结果显示,建立的荧光定量PCR能够在1.5 h内完成对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、单增李斯特菌、志贺菌和戊型肝炎病毒5种病原体的特异性检测,与其他常见细菌和病毒无交叉反应,检测极限值可达5个拷贝,标准曲线相关系数均不低于0.997,线性范围涵盖1×10^(1)~1×10^(9),批内和批间变异系数(CV)均低于3.16%。建立的荧光定量PCR与普通PCR方法检测结果的符合率达到95.73%~100%,具有较好的一致性。117份临床样品中大肠杆菌、沙门菌、单增李斯特菌、志贺菌和戊型肝炎病毒各自的阳性率分别为31.62%、17.95%、6.84%、5.13%和11.11%。结果表明,本试验所建立的荧光定量PCR方法灵敏、特异、稳定,能够同时、快速区分检测上述5种猪源消化道传播病原体,可为猪肉制品从产地到餐桌全环节样品的监测提供有力的技术支持。

荧光定量PCR技术在产前诊断中的应用效果

目的探讨荧光定量PCR(QF-PCR)技术联合染色体核型分析在产前诊断中的应用效果。方法选取2022年9月至2023年5月于惠州市第二妇幼保健院产前诊断中心行羊水穿刺检查的388例孕中期孕妇为研究对象,所有入选者均进行染色体核型分析、QF-PCR技术检查。以染色体核型分析为标准,分析QF-PCR技术在产前诊断中的应用价值。结果388例受检羊水中,QF-PCR检测出其中1例母血污染。388例受检者中QF-PCR共检出17例染色体非整倍体异常,包括21三体异常10例,18三体异常2例,13三体异常1例,性染色体异常4例。与染色体核型分析结果相符,染色体核型分析结构异常13例,QF-PCR技术均未检出。结论QF-PCR技术能鉴别母血污染以及检查快速,可弥补染色体核型分析时间长的不足;而染色体核型分析可补充QF-PCR技术对其他染色体异常检测的不足,两种方法联合使用可起互补作用,利于减少出生缺陷。

牛冠状病毒TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立牛冠状病毒TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法,根据GenBank收录的牛冠状病毒AKS-01株N基因序列(KU886219)保守区设计特异性引物和探针,构建重组质粒并进行反应条件优化、特异性试验、重复性试验以及敏感性试验,建立一种检测BCoV的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法。结果显示,建立的牛冠状病毒TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法特异性、敏感性和重复性均良好。该方法BCoV重组质粒标准品在5.75×10^(7)~5.75×10^(3)copies/μL时与Ct值呈现良好线性关系,该方法对牛轮状病毒、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、牛病毒性腹泻病毒、牛副流感病毒3型均无交叉反应,特异性良好;该方法对BCoV重组质粒标准品最低检测限为5.75×10^(1)copies/μL;批内和批间重复性试验结果稳定,变异系数均小于2%。利用所建立的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法对收集的132份样品进行检测,与常规PCR相比,两者符合率为96.21%,可为BCoV的临床检测和流行病学调查提供技术支持。

尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌微滴式数字PCR检测方法的建立及临床应用

通过设计筛选引物和探针、优化反应浓度和退火温度,构建一种尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)的微滴式数字PCR(dd PCR)检测方法,分析该方法的敏感性、特异性及重复性,并应用于临床样品检测。结果显示:当引物、探针浓度分别为0.9μmol·L^(-1)、0.3μmol·L^(-1)且退火温度为56.9℃时,建立的罗非鱼无乳链球菌dd PCR方法阴、阳性微滴分布界限明显,平均拷贝数高,有较高扩增反应效率;线性关系线良好(R^(2)=0.997 3),最低检测限为2.56 copies·μL^(-1);与猪链球菌2型、鱼类海豚链球菌和其他5种常见的水生动物疫病病原体无交叉反应;重复变异系数为3.15%;临床样品检测结果与实时荧光PCR方法结果的符合率100%,与细菌分离鉴定方法结果符合率为94.12%。结果表明,建立的罗非鱼无乳链球菌dd PCR检测方法灵敏度高、特异性强、重复性好,可对罗非鱼无乳链球菌感染的临床样品进行定量检测,为尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌的研究提供有益参考。

水禽细小病毒SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为了建立水禽细小病毒(WPV)快速检测方法,根据序列比对结果在水禽细小病毒NS基因SF3保守区域内设计特异性引物,建立SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR通用检测方法。该方法的扩增效率(E)为90.0%,相关系数(R~2)=0.99,标准曲线方程为y=-3.607x+38.77;除WPV出现S形扩增曲线外,新城疫病毒(NDV)、H9亚型禽流感病毒(H9 AIV)、鸭坦布苏病毒(DTMUV)、鸭肝炎病毒(DHAV)、鸭肠炎病毒(DEV)、鸭呼肠孤病毒(DRV)样品均未出现S形阳性扩增曲线;批内变异系数(CV)为0.15%~0.23%,批间变异系数为0.09%~0.28%。结果表明,SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法重复性好、灵敏度高和特异性强。临床样品检测结果表明,SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR与普通PCR的符合率达98.4%,灵敏度是普通PCR的1 000倍。SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法不仅能定性检测WPV,还可以进行定量检测,可用于种鸭场、种鹅场的WPV净化检测,也可用于WPV临床大量样品的快速检测。

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与应用

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒(Infectious laryngotracheitis virus,ILTV)以往多感染蛋鸡,近年来在蛋种鸡、商品肉鸡中连续多发,表明该病毒感染谱有扩大风险,因此有必要加强对ILTV的监测。为建立高效、灵敏的ILTV检测方法,本研究以ILTV的TK基因为靶基因设计引物,扩增并构建pMD18-T-TK质粒标准品,建立SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法和标准曲线,对其特异性、敏感性和重复性进行验证,并对临床疑似病例进行检测。结果发现,该检测方法特异性良好,与其他常见症状相似病原无交叉反应;最低检测浓度为1.55拷贝/μL,灵敏度是普通PCR方法的10倍;重复性好,批内、批间变异系数在0.79%~1.83%之间。表明本研究建立的ILTV实时荧光定量PCR方法特异性强、灵敏度高,可为ILTV的临床诊断和流行病学研究等提供有效的检测方法。

TaqMan多重实时定量PCR快速检测3种常见食源性病原菌

建立一种可同时快速检测大肠杆菌O157:H7、单增李斯特菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌的多重实时定量PCR(qPCR)方法。依据大肠杆菌O157:H7 tir基因、单增李斯特菌mpl基因和蜡样芽孢杆菌entFM基因的保守序列分别设计特异性引物和TaqMan探针,建立多重qPCR反应体系,进行灵敏度、特异性和稳定性试验,同步检测人工染菌牛奶样品中的病原菌并与国家标准方法作对比。结果表明,建立的多重qPCR方法灵敏度高,最低检出限为12 CFU/mL;特异性强,只对3种目标菌进行PCR扩增;稳定性好,各重复性试验中Ct值的变异系数<1%;所有受污染样品阳性检出率均为100%,与国家标准方法检测结果一致,且检测周期缩短至6 h。本研究建立的TaqMan多重qPCR方法能同时快速、准确地检测乳品中的大肠杆菌O157:H7、单增李斯特菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌,为食品安全提供技术支撑。

建立检测猕猴三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运蛋白G2的mRNA相对表达水平的RT-qPCR方法

目的本研究旨在建立一种实时荧光定量PCR方法,用于检测猕猴三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运蛋白G2(adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter protein G2,ABCG2)mRNA的基因转录水平。方法使用NCBI上GenBank数据库猕猴(Macaca mulatta)的ABCG2核苷酸序列号NM_001032919.1及内参GAPDH核苷酸序列号NM_001195426.1,借助Primer premier 5.0软件设计PCR引物。提取猕猴新鲜肾组织的总RNA,并反转录合成cDNA。接着,利用PCR引物进行实时荧光定量PCR扩增,并根据反应体系中荧光的变化情况定量分析ABCG2的mRNA相对表达水平。结果PCR产物测序结果显示,扩增的ABCG2和GAPDH核苷酸序列与NCBI上猕猴的序列同源性分别为90.91%和91.14%。ABCG2和GAPDH的扩增效率均达到80%~120%,实时荧光定量PCR标准曲线的熔解曲线为单峰,R2接近1。结论本研究建立的检测猕猴ABCG2 mRNA实时荧光定量检测方法,为研究高尿酸血症的发病机制以及新药开发奠定基础。

柑橘黄龙病菌亚洲种分子检测引物评价及绝对定量PCR体系优化

柑橘黄龙病是对柑橘产业最具毁灭性的病害,目前没有可用的有效药剂和抗病品种,分子检测对黄龙病有效防控至关重要。本研究对国内外常用的常规PCR和巢式PCR检测引物进行评价,针对多拷贝的nrdB和16S rDNA基因,构建质粒标准品并筛选适用于绝对定量PCR的最佳质粒。结果表明,使用Es Taq MasterMix对感染Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(C Las)的柑橘样品进行常规PCR检测时,在评价的16对引物中,OI1/OI2c、Las606/LSS和HLBF468/R877灵敏度最高,推荐同时使用检测黄龙病菌含量低的样品;各组巢式PCR检测引物有其适用扩增体系,部分引物用Es Taq MasterMix扩增时出现非特异性扩增,F1/B1→F3/B3则适用Es Taq MasterMix体系,且最高可稳定特异检出10^(5)倍稀释感染C Las柑橘总DNA样品(2×10^(-3) ng/μL),是灵敏度最高的引物组,OI1/OI2c→S3/S4在Es Taq MasterMix和Ex Taq DNA聚合酶体系中均可稳定特异检出104倍稀释感染C Las柑橘总DNA样品(2×10^(-2) ng/μL),是适用扩增体系最广的引物组;构建的5个绝对定量PCR质粒标准品中,pnrdB83扩增效率最接近100%,且在2次重复试验中波动最小,稳定性最强,并且作为标准品对黄龙病待测样品进行绝对定量时,各样品在2次重复试验中的拷贝数差值最小,是本研究筛选的最佳质粒。本研究的结果将为柑橘黄龙病菌的定性和定量分子检测提供参考。

数字PCR和荧光定量PCR检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数方法的建立及其应用

传统的检测转基因植物中外源基因拷贝数的方法是Southern杂交,该方法成本高、周期长,难以满足高通量检测外源基因拷贝数的育种需求,因此,本研究旨在建立快速且高通量检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的方法。本研究从番木瓜基因组中筛选出2个单拷贝基因Cpa03g018830和Cpa03g018770,以已知外源基因为单拷贝整合的转基因番木瓜为参照,利用数字PCR鉴定其拷贝数,进一步以其为内参基因,以番木瓜转基因育种常用的筛选标记基因NPTⅡ为外源目的基因,建立利用数字PCR和荧光定量PCR技术检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的方法。结果表明:Cpa03g018830和Cpa03g018770均为单拷贝基因;建立的数字PCR方法对转基因番木瓜中的外源基因拷贝数的检测准确可靠,而荧光定量PCR对转基因番木瓜中外源基因单低拷贝整合的检测准确度较高,对外源基因多拷贝整合的检测准确度则较低,因此,荧光定量PCR适合用来在大量转基因植株中初筛出单低拷贝整合的植株。本研究鉴定的单拷贝基因Cpa03g018830和Cpa03g018770可作为转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数检测的内参基因,且建立的利用数字PCR和荧光定量PCR技术检测转基因番木瓜中外源基因拷贝数的方法,操作简单,速度快,适合批量检测,可为番木瓜转基因抗病育种中单低拷贝株系的选育提供新的方法。

Utility of Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Quantitative Detection of Norovirus in Shellfish, from Production to Consumption in Guangxi, China

Objective Shellfish are recognized as important vehicles of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis. The present study aimed to monitor norovirus contamination in oysters along the farm-to-fork continuum in Guangxi, a major oyster production area in Southwestern China. Methods Oyster samples were collected monthly from farms, markets, and restaurants, from January to December 2016. Norovirus was detected and quantified by one-step reverse transcription-droplet digital polymerase chain reaction（RT-ddPCR）. Results A total of 480 oyster samples were collected and tested for norovirus genogroups I and II. Norovirus was detected in 20.7% of samples, with genogroup II predominating. No significant difference was observed in norovirus prevalence among different sampling sites. The norovirus levels varied widely, with a geometric mean of 19,300 copies/g in digestive glands. Both norovirus prevalence and viral loads showed obvious seasonality, with a strong winter bias. Conclusion This study provides a systematic analysis of norovirus contamination ‘from the farm to the fork＇ in Guangxi. RT-ddPCR can be a useful tool for detection and quantification of low amounts of norovirus in the presence of inhibitors found particularly in foodstuffs. This approach will contribute to the development of strategies for controlling and reducing the risk of human illness resulting from shellfish consumption.

Validation of housekeeping genes as internal controls for studying the gene expression in Pyropia haitanensis(Bangiales, Rhodophyta) by quantitative real-time PCR

Pyropia haitanensis is an economically important mariculture crop in China and has a high research value for several life phenomena, for example environmental tolerance. To explore the mechanisms underlying these characteristics, gene expression has been investigated at the whole transcriptome level. Gene expression studies using quantitative real-time PCR should start by selecting an appropriate internal control gene; therefore, the absolute expression abundance of six housekeeping genes （18S rRNA （18S）, ubiquitin-conju-ating enzyme （UBC）, actin （ACT）, β-tubulin （TUB）, elongation factors 2 （EF2）, and glyceraldehyde-3-phos- phate dehydrogenase （GAPDH） examined by the quantitative real-time PCR in samples corresponding to different strains, life-cycle stages and abiotic stress treatments. Their expression stabilities were assessed by the comparative cycle threshold （Ct） method and by two different software packages： geNorm and NormFinder. The most stable housekeeping gene is UBC and the least stable housekeeping is GADPH. Thus, it is proposed that the most appropriate internal control gene for expression analyses in P. haitanensis is UBC. The results pave the way for further gene expression analyses of different aspects of P. haitanensis biology including different strains, life-history stages and abiotic stress responses.

A Comparison Between Northern Blotting and Quantitative Real-Time PCR as a Means of Detecting the Nutritional Regulation of Genes Expressed in Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana

Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） has become a routine and robust technique for measuring the expression of genes of interest, validating microarray experiments and monitoring biomarkers. However, concerns have been raised over the accuracy of qRT-PCR in China as well as in the rest of the world. We have previously used qRT-PCR to study the response of ANR1 and other root-expressed MADS-box genes to fluctuations in the supply of nitrate, phosphate and sulphate under hydroponic growth conditions. In this study, we have used both Northern blotting and qRT-PCR analyses to confirm the nutritional regulation of MADS-box genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and test whether both technologies produce the same results. The information obtained indicated that the qRT-PCR results are consistent with those obtained by Northern blotting hybridization for all the tested root-expressed MADS-box genes, in response to different nitrate, phosphate and sulphate growth conditions. Furthermore, our novel results showed that the expressions of AGL12, AGL18, and AGL19 were all down regulated in response to S and P re-supply in both qRT-PCR and Northern blotting analyses.

Detection of Lactobacillus acidophilus in Fermented Material by Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR

The species distinctive PCR primer of Lactobacillus acidophilus （ L. acidophilus） was designed according to 16S rRNA gene sequences of conunon Lac- tobacillus species in fermented material. Bacterial genome DNA of separated L. acidophilus in fermented sample was taken as template, and L. acidophilus in fer- mented material was conducted the quantitative determination by real-time quantitative PCR （RT-PCR）. Analysis on RT-PCR results shown that contents of L. aci- dophilus in the test sample reached 1.5 billion CFU / g. Test results shown that contents of L. acidophilus in fermented material could be detected accurately by the established RT-PCR method in the test. indicating that the established RT-PCR method could be aookued to the detection of L. acidophilus in fermented material.

Evaluation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of gene expression during early development processes of the tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Differential expression of genes is crucial to growth and development of fish. To select the appropriate genes for gene normalization during Cynoglossus semilaevis early developmental process, eight candidate reference genes （ACTB, B2M, EF1A, GADPH, RPL7, TUBA, UBCE and 18S） were tested for their adequacy by using quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the expression of all the examined genes exhibited tissue dependent variations in the mature C. semilaevis. EFIA was listed as the most stable reference among the 14 tissues by RefFinder. Furthermore, the recommended comprehensive ranking of the stability determined by RefFinder showed that 18S was the most stable gene during the early developmental stages （from oosphere to 90 days old） in this study. However, when divided the Ct value data of the above mentioned early developmental stages into two separate periods （embryo and post-hatching periods）, TUBA and 18S represented the most stable references of these two developmental periods, respectively. Consequently, the reference gene should be carefully and accurately chosen even for studies of the same species at various developmental processes. The relevant data may help in selecting appropriate reference genes for mRNA expression analysis, and is of great value in the studies of fish growth and development.

猫冠状病毒和猫细小病毒双重荧光定量PCR方法的建立

为建立猫冠状病毒(feline coronavirus,FCoV)和猫细小病毒(feline parvovirus,FPV)的双重荧光定量PCR方法,选取FCoV 3'UTR和FPV VP2基因保守区域,分别设计2对特异性引物和TaqMan MGB探针,并进行反应体系和条件优化,以及特异性、敏感性和重复性试验,探讨所建方法的可行性。结果显示:该方法可特异性检出FCoV和FPV,与猫疱疹病毒、猫杯状病毒、猫轮状病毒、支原体、衣原体、波氏杆菌、犬腺病毒和犬副流感病毒等病原核酸无交叉反应,对FCoV和FPV检测限均为1 copies/μL;FCoV和FPV阳性参考质粒组间和组内重复试验变异系数均小于3%;对35份临床样本进行检测,发现建立的双重荧光定量PCR方法阳性检出率比普通PCR方法高。结果表明,本研究建立的双重荧光定量PCR方法具有灵敏、特异和稳定等优点,可用于临床FCoV和FPV感染的早期鉴别诊断。

猪细小病毒TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

旨在建立一种猪细小病毒(PPV)快速准确PCR检测方法,根据PPV VP2基因的保守序列设计并合成1对特异性引物和1条特异性探针,建立了可检测PPV的TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法。建立的检测方法敏感性高,最低可检测8.76×10^(1)copies/μL的PPV VP2基因标准品;特异性试验结果显示,该方法检测猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、伪狂犬病病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒均无交叉反应;重复性试验组内与组间变异系数均低于2%,重复性良好。用该方法检测102份临床样本,检出阳性样本16份,阳性检出率为15.69%,将检测出的阳性样本进行PCR扩增并测序,证实检测样品中确实存在PPV。该方法敏感性高、特异性强,适用于PPV的定量检测及猪细小病毒病的流行病学调查。