Antimicrobial Activity of Some Commercial Toothpastes and Antibiotics on Two Oral Pathogenic Bacteria—An in-Vitro Study

Oral health problems such as periodontal diseases, dental caries, and endodontic infections have a significant negative impact on oral health and impose a substantial financial burden on the global population. The prevalence of these issues is increasing due to the buildup of bacterial plaque and the growing resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial treatments. The aims of this study to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of four types of antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Azithromycin and Metronidazole) and four types of toothpastes (Sensodyne, ipana, denta and cariax Gingival Kin) on two oral pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus epidermidis). Bacterial samples of previously isolated Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcusepidermidis were used as test organisms and the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was employed to assess the antibacterial efficacy of various antibiotics and evaluate the impact of different toothpastes using a filter paper disc agar measurement technique. Each filter disc was saturated with toothpaste solution in a test tube for approximately 30 to 40 seconds, after which they were placed on Mueller-Hinton broth bacterial cultures in petri dishes. These Petri dishes were then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, and the clear zone’s diameter (inhibition zone in mm) was subsequently measured and the results were recorded. The results demonstrated that Sensodyne toothpaste and Metronidazole antibiotic were ineffective against both types of bacteria, while Augmentin and Amoxicillin were effective by high diameter inhibition zones of growth against S. mutans and Azithromycine against S. epidermidis. Also Ipana, Denta, and Cariax Gingival Kin toothpastes exhibited a moderate effect against the two bacteria. This study suggests that certain antibiotics and toothpastes can effectively inhibit the growth of harmful oral bacteria, but not all of them are effective.

Growth process and short chain alcohol separation performance of fluoride-containing NaY zeolite membrane

Growth process of the NaY zeolite membranes was investigated by fluoride-containing precursor synthesis gel.Compared with the fluoride-free precursor synthesis gel,the irregular NaY zeolite crystals were dissolved into amorphous by the fluoride-containing precursor synthesis gel initially,the amorphous contained the Y-type zeolite characteristic bands by the IR characterization.The fine square NaY zeolite crystals arose from the amorphous,which were accumulated and gradually grew into a dense NaY zeolite layer on the support surface after 6.5 h.Because the excessive NaY zeolites were dissolved by the strong alkaline and fluoride-containing precursor synthesis gel,there was plenty of amorphous on NaY zeolites layer for prolonging the crystallization time.The assynthesized NaY zeolite membranes had a good separation performance and repeatability for separation of 10 wt%methanol(MeOH)/methyl methacrylate(MMA) mixture by pervaporation,the flux and separation factor were(1.27 ± 0.07) kg·M^(-2)·h^(-1) and(4900 ± 1500) at 323 K,respectively.Besides,the NaY zeolite membranes were applied to separate the other short chain alcohol from the various alcohol/organic ester and alcohol/organic ether mixtures,the NaY zeolite membranes showed high short chain alcohol perm-selectivity.

Synthesis and Anti-Tumor Activities of Fluoride-Containing Gossypol Derivatives Compounds

We report herein the design and synthesis of a series of novel fluoride-containing gossypol derivatives by the condensation reaction of gossypol with fluoride-containing aromatic amine. These fluoride-containing gossypol derivatives were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and high resolution mass spectral data, then screened as antitumor agents against three human cancer cell lines (HeLa, A-549 and BGC-823) and a normal cell line (VEC) in vitro by using MTT cell proliferation assays. Results revealed that compounds 3a, 3c and 3f exhibited superior anticancer activity against HeLa, compounds 3b,3c, 3e and 3f exhibited superior anticancer activity against A-549, compounds 3b, 3c and 3f exhibited superior anticancer activity against BGC-823 compared to gossypol. In particular, fluorine substituent at the para positions of the phenyl ring showed remarkable inhibitory effects on HeLa?(3c: IC50 = 14.2 μM, 3f:?IC50 = 8.34 μM), A-549(3c: IC50 = 6.32 μM, 3f: IC50 = 9.76 μM) and BGC-823 cells?(3c: IC50 = 8.62 μM, 3f: IC50 = 4.36 μM). Furthermore, all the compounds 3a-3f exhibited lessened cytotoxicity against VEC compared to gossypol.

Investigating a Vitamin D Delivery Toothpaste Using a Penetration Enhancer Compound

Expanding in the oral care business, being passionately driven by innovative and scientific products, functional toothpaste has recently become more popular for functionality, variety, and efficacy. Many new types of toothpaste are commercially manufactured with diverse fragrances, colors, probiotics, and pharmaceutical ingredients to enhance the functionalities of toothpaste. Our study attempted to create a toothpaste formulation that might facilitate the intraoral delivery of vitamin D3 into the bloodstream. Simply brushing our teeth with toothpaste should be easy to take the essential vitamin regularly. In this study, an emulsion-based toothpaste mixed with an azone compound and sodium dodecyl sulfate as penetration enhancers blended thoroughly with other ingredients and then with vitamin D. Multiple toothpaste characteristic tests were performed, such as abrasiveness, scratchiness, spreadability, pH, foaming, cleaning, and antibacterial strength with our vitamin D toothpaste, and compared with those of other commercial brand toothpaste. To confirm the intraoral delivery of vitamin D through the oral cavity, an earthworm transport study and TEER value test were conducted using L. terrestris skin. Our data demonstrated the high feasibility of intraoral delivery of vitamin D based on those two skin studies with various experimental support;our vitamin D toothpaste had comparable characteristics with other commercial toothpaste for cleaning functionality.

Effect of three kinds of Chinese Herbal Medicine on the Viscosity of the Thickeners for Toothpaste

The effects of Scutellaria baicalensis, Panax notoginseng and Ilex rotunda on the viscosities of CMC and Xanthan gum were researched in this paper. Results showed that the viscosities of CMC decrease rapidly with Panax notoginseng;the viscosities of CMC decrease with Scutellaria baicalensis;the viscosities of CMC decrease slowly with Ilex rotunda. The viscosities of Xanthan gum are almost stable with Scutellaria baicalensis, Panax notoginseng and Ilex rotunda respectively;and the viscosities of Xanthan gum increase with the increase of the Scutellaria baicalensis concentration. There is a side chain on the molecular chain of Xanthan gum, which can form a rod-shaped double helix complex to protect the main chain. There is no side chain on the molecular chain of CMC, and the main chain is “bare”. So, compared to xanthan gum, the molecular chain of CMC is is more susceptible to external influences.

高效液相色谱及其串联质谱技术在牙膏风险物质分析中的应用

牙膏是日常生活中必不可少的口腔清洁护理用品,牙膏的基料较为复杂,牙膏中潜在的风险物质对人体存在一定危害,因此牙膏产品的安全性已成为当今社会关注的焦点之一。利用现代先进的检验检测技术对牙膏中潜在的风险物质进行分析、研究,将有利于实现对牙膏产品的安全监管,本文综述了近几年来高效液相色谱及其串联质谱技术在牙膏产品检验标准和检验方法开发等方面的研究以及应用进展,一定程度上能为牙膏产品的质量控制和科学监管提供参考。

基于轮廓测量的牙膏磨损性测定法的研发概述

牙膏中的磨料是提供牙膏清洁力的主要成分之一。恰当的磨料种类选择以及添加量的设定可以为消费者提供良好的牙齿清洁效果,甚至达到较佳的外源性色斑的去除而美白牙齿。然而,不当的磨料添加会导致过度磨损牙齿,从而引起安全性问题。因此,制定方便有效的牙膏磨损性测定法一直是业界的需求。然而,由于实验条件等限制,国际上惯用的示踪法(RDA)无法在国内实施。本文介绍了一种优化后的基于轮廓仪测量法开发的RDA替代方法Radioactive Dentin Abrasivity–Profilometry Equivalent (简称RDA-PE),并对RDA-PE方法的建立、方法学验证以及与RDA方法间的关系进行了简要的介绍.。同时,对RDA-PE方法用于测定牙膏产品摩擦型性能的可行性进行了讨论。

288例山东省牙膏不良反应监测数据回顾分析

分析山东省牙膏不良反应监测现状和不良反应特征,为牙膏安全监管和不良反应监测提供数据支持,保障公众牙膏使用安全。采用回顾性研究法,对2017年-2023年山东省药品不良反应监测中心收集的288例牙膏不良反应报告进行统计和分析。与化妆品不良反应监测总体数据相比,牙膏不良反应报告男女性别比例差异不明显,儿童占比较高。牙膏不良反应除疼痛、瘙痒、红斑、水肿等常见的化妆品不良反应自觉症状和皮损形态外,还有口腔发麻、发涩、恶心、牙龈或口腔黏膜充血、出血、肿胀、溃疡等特异性表现。牙膏不良反应报告并用牙膏(或化妆品)的比例较低,产品来源主要为网购。建议进一步加强牙膏不良反应收集力度,完善牙膏不良反应监测技术体系,做好牙膏不良反应科普宣传,重点关注儿童牙膏不良反应。

氟化钠护齿剂剂量对幼儿乳牙龋病的影响

目的探讨氟化钠护齿剂剂量对幼儿乳牙龋病的影响。方法选择2023年6月浙江省丽水地区10所公办幼儿园共330名儿童作为研究对象,随机分为三组,最终各入组110名儿童。高氟化钠组给予氟化钠护齿剂(含5%氟化钠)0.2mL/次·年,共2次;低氟化钠组给予氟化钠护齿剂(含5%氟化钠)0.1mL/次·年,共2次;对照组儿童不使用氟化钠。比较三组儿童的乳牙患龋率、龋均值、新增龋面均值以及涂氟后尿氟浓度的变化。结果干预后第2年,高氟化钠组与低氟化钠组龋齿发生率分别为37.27%、39.09%,均低于对照组51.82%(P<0.05);第1年、第2年高氟化钠组、低氟化钠组龋均值均低于对照组(P<0.01);涂氟后第1年与第2年高氟化钠组与低氟化钠组乳牙颊舌面、邻面、颌面新生龋面均值均低于对照组(P<0.01);涂氟后6、12小时高氟化钠组、低氟化钠组尿氟浓度高于对照组(P<0.05);涂氟后24、48小时三组尿氟浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);涂氟后高氟化钠组与低氟化钠组龋齿发生率、龋均值、新生龋面均值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论氟化钠的应用可降低幼儿龋齿发生率,减少新生龋面,涂布含5%氟化钠0.1mL/次·年即可达到较好的防龋效果,安全性较高。

基于羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖/中草药复合牙膏的制备及性能分析

口腔健康是目前人们关注的重点,其中龋齿是由变形链球菌导致的最为常见的口腔细菌性疾病之一。分别采用溶液共混法、共沉淀法制备出羟基磷灰石(HAP)、壳聚糖(CS)的复合样品,并加入金银花露和其他必要原料制备出一个安全、效果强劲同时具有美白杀菌功效的复合牙膏。通过XRD、SEM分析得知样品的理化性质。选择鸡蛋碰撞实验、茶叶蛋摩擦实验、茶渍和可乐色素清除实验测试复合牙膏的性能。结果表明:制备出的HAP牙膏具有一定龋齿修复和美白的作用,能减少口腔的牙菌斑,对龋病、牙周病有较好的防治作用。

电感耦合等离子体质谱法对牙膏中多种元素的测定及分析

样品在称量后加硝酸进行预消解,再进行微波消解,定容后采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行测定。实验中,在称样量、消解方式、定容方式等关键步骤进行比对实验,找到最合适的前处理方法进行测定。36种元素的线性范围为0~100ng/mL,相关系数均大于0.99,加标回收率为83%~118%,相对标准偏差小于8.25%。此方法操作简便、回收率高,适用于牙膏产品中36种元素的测定。

高效液相色谱法同时测定牙膏中4种抗生素

目的:建立高效液相色谱法同时测定牙膏中甲硝唑、氯霉素、土霉素和四环素的分析方法。方法:采用CAPCELL PAK C_(18) MG Ⅱ色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-甲醇-0.01%草酸水溶液,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长为268 nm,进样量10.0μL,外标法定量,高效液相色谱仪检测。结果:在一定的浓度范围内,4种禁用物质的线性关系良好,相关系数R^(2)均大于0.999。甲硝唑、氯霉素、土霉素和四环素的方法检出限分别为50μg/g、1.0μg/g、1.0μg/g和1.0μg/g。4种禁用物质在高、中、低3个浓度水平下的加标回收率为83.9%~111.0%,相对标准偏差在0.4%~3.8%(n=6)。结论:该方法操作简便、回收率高、精密度高、重现性好,可用于牙膏中甲硝唑、氯霉素、土霉素和四环素含量的测定。

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定牙膏中乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS)同时测定牙膏中乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇等3种醇类物质分析方法。牙膏样品经超纯水提取,加入无水乙醇抑制泡沫产生,采用溶剂放空进样模式,经气相色谱串联质谱检测,外标法对牙膏中醇类物质目标物进行定量。结果表明牙膏中3种醇类物质在聚乙二醇为固定相的毛细管柱上得到良好的分离,线性相关系数均大于0.995,回收率在86.7%~94.1%,检出限范围为0.18 mg/kg~0.20mg/kg,定量限范围为0.46 mg/kg~0.50 mg/kg。该方法简单,适用于牙膏中醇类物质的检测,为牙膏质量控制提供技术支持。

A Review of 2023 Supervision Updates of Cosmetics in China

In 2023,multiple supporting documents of the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics and regulatory requirements for toothpaste were successively introduced.This article provides a detailed introduction to the updates of domestic cosmetics regulations in China in 2023,and sorts out the details of the 2023 unqualified cosmetics notification and flight inspection issued by regulatory authorities,analyzes the reasons,and helps cosmetics companies further understand regulatory requirements,implement the main responsibility of cosmetics quality and safety,and respond to changes in cosmetics regulatory policies,so as to avoid being notified of unqualified products,economic and reputation losses as much as possible.

新法规体系下我国牙膏不良反应监测工作分析与思考

目的 探讨《牙膏监督管理办法》正式施行后,在新法规体系下我国牙膏不良反应监测工作思路。方法 2023年3月16日,国家市场监督管理总局发布《牙膏监督管理办法》并于2023年12月1日正式施行。通过查阅文献及相关法规资料,梳理我国牙膏不良反应监测历史,结合监测工作现状及实践,分析当前牙膏不良反应监测工作存在的不足。结果 目前我国牙膏备案人不良反应监测工作能力还有待提高、主体报告意识还需要加强、监测人员监测水平还需提高、牙膏产品信息查询还不够便捷、公众对牙膏不良反应的认知水平还需进一步提升。结论 《牙膏监督管理办法》的颁布标志着我国牙膏不良反应监测工作的制度化、规范化、科学化,各相关方应当加强对新法规的理解和落实,加强报告单位及监测机构能力建设、加强新法规宣贯与监测技术指导、加强牙膏不良反应监测技术支撑体系建设、加强牙膏不良反应知识宣传,从而保障消费者的使用安全。

含锶脱敏牙膏对牙本质过敏症脱敏作用的Meta分析

目的:采用Meta分析评价含锶脱敏牙膏对牙本质过敏症(DH)的治疗效果,为临床治疗提供参考。方法:收集1990年1月1日至2020年3月1日PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,CENTRAL和CNKI等数据库关于研究含锶脱敏牙膏对DH的随机对照试验(RCT)文献,运用Stata 14.0软件对提取的所有文献数据进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入8篇RCT文献,根据8项研究的最长试验周期,对含锶脱敏牙膏和对照组牙膏干预后进行探诊及空气喷吹检测差异进行Meta分析,试验组与对照组在探诊、空气检测敏感值之间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);根据试验时间长短、结局指标分类,分别合并即刻、≤1、2、4、6、8、12周的探诊敏感、空气检测敏感值进行亚组分析,结果显示试验组与对照组在探诊、空气检测敏感值之间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:含锶脱敏牙膏和对照组牙膏相比,不能更有效地减轻DH,需要更多的研究来进一步验证其对缓解DH的效果。

原子荧光法测定牙膏中汞的样品处理

建立原子荧光测定牙膏中汞的样品处理方法——浸提法。样品处理条件:消解液体系为5 mL硝酸-2 mL双氧水,浸提时间为2 h。汞的质量浓度在0~2μg/L范围内与荧光响应强度线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 9。当称样量为1 g时,方法检出限为0.119μg/kg;低、中、高3个水平的加标回收率为92.0%~98.7%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.8%~2.5%(n=6)。浸提法处理样品的测定结果与微波消解法的测定结果基本一致,相对偏差为-2.2%~1.6%。该方法所用设备简单,处理过程方便快捷,为牙膏中汞的测定提供一种简便的样品处理方法。

富硒小麦草牙膏对控制牙菌斑和减轻牙龈炎效果的临床研究

目的:探讨富硒小麦草牙膏减轻牙龈炎症及控制牙菌斑作用的临床效果。方法:本临床试验遵守随机、对照、双盲的设计原则,按纳入和排除标准将年龄18~65岁间的72例受试者随机分成试验组和对照组,试验组使用富硒小麦草牙膏,对照组使用不含富硒小麦草其余成分完全相同的牙膏,分别在基线、1、3和6个月采用改良Loe-Silness牙龈指数、龈沟出血指数和改良Quigley-Hein菌斑指数评价牙周状况。结果:1、3和6个月时,牙龈指数试验组对照组均数计分分别为1.16±0.10和1.26±0.22,0.99±0.91和1.21±1.16,0.92±0.11和1.01±0.11;龈沟出血指数试验组对照组均数计分分别为1.12±0.23和1.24±0.27,1.05±0.11和1.13±0.15,0.91±0.12和1.05±0.09;牙菌斑指数试验组对照组均数计分分别为1.37±0.20和1.54±0.19,1.14±0.21和1.37±0.24,0.98±0.16和1.21±0.22,3个月和6个月时比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。说明其具有抑制牙菌斑和促进牙龈健康的作用。在本临床研究中未观察到不良反应,验证了富硒小麦草牙膏的安全性。结论:本研究提示富硒小麦草牙膏可以明显控制牙菌斑的形成,促进牙龈健康。

气相色谱-质谱法测定牙膏中7种薄荷类化学成分

建立同时测定牙膏中柠檬烯、桉油精、薄荷酮、薄荷醇、香芹酮、乙酸薄荷酯、薄荷醇乳酸酯7种薄荷类化学成分含量的气相色谱-串联质谱法。样品经无水乙醇提取,以DB-5 MS毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)为分离柱。采用程序升温、选择离子监测(SIM)模式测定目标物定量离子的色谱峰面积,用外标法对7种化合物进行定量测定。7种化合物的质量浓度在0.2~20μg/mL范围内与定量离子的色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数均不小于0.996,检出限为0.1~2.5μg/g。选取牙膏基质在3种浓度水平下考察加标回收率,7种化合物的平均回收率为85.0%~108.7%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.4%~2.9%(n=6)。该方法准确、可靠,可用于牙膏中7种薄荷类化学成分的同时测定。

气相色谱-质谱法测定牙膏中二噁烷的残留量

建立了气相色谱-质谱法测定牙膏中二噁烷的残留量的方法。样品置于顶空瓶中,经水超声提取,氯化钠加入量为1g,自动顶空进样,顶空平衡温度为70℃,平衡时间为40min,选用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm)进行程序升温分离,电子轰击电离源电离,以选择性离子监测模式进行检测,通过保留时间和特征离子的相对丰度比定性,选用氘代二噁烷为内标物,内标法定量。结果显示,二噁烷在4~100μg的浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9999,检出限为1mg·kg^(-1),定量限为2mg·kg^(-1),以三种摩擦剂类型的空白样品为基体进行低高两个浓度水平的加标回收实验,平均回收率为94.9~105.8%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.7~4.9%。方法用于25批市售样品分析,均未检出目标物。该方法准确可靠,重现性好,可用于牙膏中噁二烷残留量的测定。