Optimization of Dry Ashing of Whole Blood Samples for Trace Metal Analysis

Dry ashing is an established method. Ashing whole blood samples are, however, often difficult to carry out with significant sample loss, and the procedure is not well documented. A new procedure has been devel- oped and optimized to dry-ash whole blood samples for trace metal analyses. The procedure reduces both the dry-ashing time by more than two thirds and sample loss. The ashed sample can be readily used in subse- quent, simultaneous or individual analysis of several metals by ICP-OES, as demonstrated in the analysis of a whole blood sample. The new procedure is simple, inexpensive, and faster than the established method.

Distribution, Mobility, and Health Risks Assessment of Trace Metals in River Sediments from Intense Agricultural Activity Areas in West Africa

The economy of West African countries is mainly based on agriculture. However, the trace metal(loid)s contamination status in rivers is relatively unknown in the region. In this work, 45 surface sediments collected from the Bandama, Comoé, and Bia Rivers in south and south eastern Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa), were analyzed for total metal concentrations and chemical speciation. The results showed that the river sediments were considerably contaminated by Cd and moderately contaminated by As, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Significant spatial variations were observed among the stations but not between the rivers. Metals Cd and Cu were likely to cause more ecological risks. The speciation analysis unravelled that the metal(loid)s partitioned mainly in the residual fraction, with the potential mobile fraction varying from 14% to 28%. The study calls for establishment of strict policies relative to the application of fertilizers and agrochemicals and mining activities to protect the environment and human health risks.

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MIXTURES OF TRACE METAL BY DOUBLE-SYSTEM AND MULTIVARIATE CALIRRATION

In this paper,a new method for simultaneous spectrophotometric analysis of multi- component with double-system was developed.The multivariate calibration method,principal component analysis-partial least squares(PCA-PLS),was described and applied to the processing of measurement data.A demonstration,simultaneous determination of cobalt,nickel,copper,zinc and iron with double-system(5-Br-PADAP and PAR as chromogenic chelate reagents,respectively) was given.The results showed that the method with douhle-system gave better precision than those with single system and MLR(in this paper,AKC method was selected)did not give satis- fied precision in any situation.

Trace Metal Analysis of Karuk Traditional Foods in the Klamath River

This study evaluates the presence of trace metals in Klamath Riverwater and three important Karuk traditional foods: freshwater mussels (Gonidea angulata), Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Samples of these traditional foods together with water samples were collected from the Klamath River and measured for the total chromium (Chromium), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), and lead (Pb) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We found that cultural-use species in the Klamath and its tributaries are accumulating higher levels of lead, cadmium and tin downstream of a known Superfund site. Neither water, fish, nor mussel samples exceeded maximum intake levels of metal doses mandated by state or federal agencies for consumption intakes of1.4 Lper day of water,0.5 kgper meal per day for fish, and0.043 kgper meal for 30 meals per year1.

Analysis of trace elements in air particulate matters by non-suppressed ion chromatography

The application of non-suppressed ion chromatography for monitoring of trace elements in air particulate matter was studied in the present investigation. The results indicate that the use of microwave acid digestion method is superior in comparison with the conventional thermal acid digestion method as it leads to higher recovery, better reproducibility, lower volatility loss, better protection against environmental contamination and much less digestion time (5 minutes vs. 24 hours). The use of eluent as extractant is shown to reduce the water dip problem in the chro-matogram. The addition of chelating agent in the eluent coupled with UV detection is shown to provide satisfactory chromatographic separation and good sensitivity for the analysis of transition metals present in the air particulate matter. Using the U.S. National Bureau of Standards Reference Material 1648 Urban Particulate Matter as standard for checking, the analytical procedure is shown to give good recovery and reproducibility for the detection of the following cations and anions in air particulate matter: Fe2 Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, Mg, Na, HN4+, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-. Field test was also performed to check the applicability of the method and the results obtained were discussed in the present paper.

Analytical Relevance of Trace Metal Speciation in Environmental and Biophysicochemical Systems

This article presents a review of the analytical relevance of trace metal speciation analysis, which must be considered in environmental and biophysicochemical systems for reliable and efficient assessment and monitoring of trace metals. Examples are given of methodological approaches used for speciation analysis. An overview of speciation analysis in sediments, aquatic ecosystems and agrosystems is also presented.

Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis of Fe, Zn and Cu in mice brain associated with Parkinson's disease

The contents and distributions of metal elements in the brain are closely related to neurodegenerative diseases.In this study, we examined Fe, Cu and Zn contents in the brain section associated with Parkinson‘s disease(PD)using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence(SRXRF). PD mouse model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-terahydropyridine(MPTP) was used for the elemental analysis(e.g., Fe, Cu and Zn) in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc) region of mice brain tissue samples. We found that mice in the MPTP group had higher contents of Fe, Cu and Zn in the SNpc than the control group. After treating the PD mice with rapamycin, the contents of Fe, Cu and Zn were reduced, the dopamine neurons and motor function were rescued correspondingly. The results prompted that the SRXRF provided an ideal method for tracing and analyzing the metal elements in the brain section to assess the pathological changes of PD model and the therapeutic effect of drugs.

Evaluation of Analytical Procedures in the Determination of Trace Metals in Heavy Crude Oils by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

In the present work, four trace metals, V, Ni, Cu and Fe, have been determined in five crude oil samples of Eastern Baghdad area, Iraq by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The crude oils are characterized with API gravity values in the range, 25 - 15. The V/Ni ratios for the studied crudes were in the range 3.7 to 5.4 and indicated a typical of the sapropelic-type organic matter. The Ni and V contents were correlated with API gravity where an increase of metal contents with the decrease in the API values could be observed. The plots of V and Ni versus sulfur indicated linear correlation. This is attributed to the increase of porphyrinic structures of the metals. The method of direct dilution (DD) with organic solvent and the standard addition (SA) were evaluated as compared with standard dry ashing-acid dissolution (DA). In most cases the DD method gave V and Ni concentrations that are higher than DA and for the heavier crude oil (API = 15) the DD results were significantly smaller than those of the DA method. The SA method can be a good solution to determine the trace metals in heavy crude oils provided that the addition must not exceed the levels of the metal concentration in the diluted samples.

食品中痕量重金属残留快速检测方法分析

本文综述了目前常用的快速检测方法,并对其优缺点进行了比较和分析。研究发现,基于仪器分析的方法具有高灵敏度和准确性,但设备昂贵、操作复杂;而基于生物传感器的方法具有快速、灵敏和便携的特点,但对样品预处理要求较高。因此,综合考虑各种快速检测方法的特点和适用范围,结合实际需求,选择合适的快速检测方法对食品中的痕量重金属残留进行监测具有重要意义。

金属材料中痕量元素的分析测定及其应用于质量控制与环境监测的研究

金属材料中的痕量元素对质量控制和环境监测具有重要意义。本文将探讨金属材料中痕量元素在质量控制和环境监测中的应用,包括其作为指标元素与它们在质量保证和环境评估中的关键作用。通过研究金属材料中痕量元素的含量和分布规律,可以实现对质量危害因素和环境污染源的可靠监测,从而保障产品的质量和环境健康。

水中痕量重金属元素测定的影响因素研究

在分析痕量水中重金属时,应选择合适的器皿、化学试剂、实验用水等,可有效减少系统误差。本文对试剂纯度、容器材质、实验用水以及针孔滤膜处理方式进行实验论证。结果表明:使用聚丙烯材质的容器、高纯度试剂、一级水以及针孔滤膜过滤时弃去前面2 mL的滤液,检测痕量重金属时所引入的杂质较少,产生的干扰较少,使分析结果更准确、数据更可靠。

Chemical characteristics of trace metals in PM10 and their concentrated weighted trajectory analysis at Central Delhi,India

Trace metals associated with PM10 aerosols and their variation during day and nighttime as well as during different seasons have been studied for the year 2012. PCA analysis suggested5 PCs,which accounted for 86.8% cumulative variance. PC1 accounted for 30% with a significant loading of metals of anthropogenic origin,while PC2 showed 28% variance with the loading of metals of crustal origin. These trace metals showed seasonal distinct day and night time characteristics. The concentrations of Cu,Pb,and Cd were found to be higher during nighttime in all the seasons. Only Fe was observed with significantly higher mean concentrations during daytime of all seasons except monsoon. The highest mean values of Cu,Cd,Zn,and Pb during post-monsoon might be attributed to winds advection over the regions of waste/biomass burning and industrial activities in Punjab and Haryana regions.Furthermore,concentration weighted trajectory analysis suggested that metals of crustal origin were contributed by long-range transport while metals of anthropogenic and industrial activities were contributed by regional/local source regions.

ICP-MS/MS直接测定海水中12种痕量金属元素

建立一种采用电感耦合等离子体串联质谱(ICP-MS/MS)直接测定海水中12种元素的分析方法。采用标准加入法及配置超高基体进样系统实现基体匹配,应用ICP-MS/MS的多种分析模式测定海水中钒(V)、铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)、钼(Mo)、镉(Cd)、铊(Tl)、铅(Pb)12种痕量元素。用该方法测定海水标准参考物质,结果准确。测定实际海水样品,加标回收率为85.0%~108%,相对标准偏差为1.5%~5.4%。12种元素的方法检出限为0.003~0.085μg/L,定量下限为0.012~0.340μg/L。该方法运行成本低,操作便捷,可作为实验室海水元素分析的常规检测方法。

基于内标CF-LIBS的混合水溶液中多金属元素的定量分析

提出一种简化内标自由定标激光诱导击穿光谱(CF-LIBS)分析方法,并应用于混合水溶液中Cr、Mn、Pb、Cd、Ca、Al、Co等金属元素绝对浓度的定量分析.实验结果表明,在最优化实验参数下产生的激光等离子体满足局部热平衡和光学薄条件,由该分析方法得到的LIBS检测精确度明显优于采用液固转换后的传统CF-LIBS方法,测定的浓度值与配置值的相对误差小于1%,说明应用该内标CF-LIBS方法能够同时精确测定液相基质中的多种微量金属元素的含量.

粤北大宝山高含硫多金属矿污染的水稻土壤污染元素的多元分析

调查了粤北大宝山高含硫多金属矿长期污染的水稻田的污染状况,用主成分分析法分析了环境变量间的关系及污染物在样点的空间分布.结果表明:长期的污灌导致了被调查水田土壤中铁矿、硫铜矿和铅锌矿酸性矿泥的沉积,引起土壤酸化和硫、铜、铅和镉的积累.上述污染元素与pH及矿质元素铁、钙之间高度相关,而与锰和铬的相关性差.

珠江三角洲冲积平原土壤重金属元素含量和来源解析

利用全国地球化学基准计划在珠江三角洲地区的22个点位上采集的44件冲积平原土壤样品,分析了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等8个重金属元素的含量特征,并利用多元统计分析方法和铅同位素示踪技术研究了重金属元素的来源.结果表明,珠三角地区冲积平原土壤8个重金属元素含量均高于全国土壤背景值,Hg在表层土壤中显著富集,As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn在表层土壤的含量略高于深层土壤中含量,Cr、Ni在表层土壤和深层土壤中含量相当.因子分析结果显示,土壤Cu、Cr、Ni主要受地质背景控制,Zn、Cd的高含量既与地质背景有关,也受人类活动影响,As、Pb、Hg的异常则受人为活动影响较严重.富集因子法得出8个重金属元素受人类活动影响程度大小排序为:Hg>As>Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>Ni,当深层土壤某元素有外源输入时,会导致其富集因子偏低.铅同位素示踪结果显示,表层土壤铅含量与^(206)Pb/^(207)Pb呈显著的负相关关系,根据二元混合模型推测表层土壤中有超过30%的外源铅输入.综合来看,珠三角地区冲积平原土壤Hg、Cd、As、Pb受到较为严重的人为污染.

垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属和二恶英等痕量污染物分析

对国内外垃圾焚烧飞灰进行收集并着重利用GC MS、原子吸收光谱等手段对二恶英和重金属等痕量污染物进行系统研究,并结合国内外研究成果进行对比分析.结果表明,飞灰中不同种类重金属含量差异很大,Cu、Pb和Zn的含量较多,Cr的含量次之,Ni、Cd的含量较少.垃圾焚烧飞灰中二恶英含量差别很大,总含量在1.36～31.54ng/g.各种飞灰中二恶英的毒性当量更为悬殊.飞灰中二恶英和重金属含量及分布受垃圾成分、焚烧炉型、焚烧温度、停留时间等因素影响.

连云港海域螺类软体部分重金属和微量元素分析

分析评价连云港海产螺类可食部分微量元素及重金属含量的安全性。用硝酸-高氯酸消化法消解组织,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定元素含量。结果显示:9种螺类及同种螺不同组织中Pb、Cd、Sn、As、Mn、Fe、Ni、Ag、Se、Cr、Co、Zn和Cu 13种元素含量存在差异。被测试螺中含有Fe、Cu、Zn、Co、Mn、Cr、Se和Sn等人体必需微量元素;重金属元素As、Cd和Pb的残留量指数(I)较高,且在不同螺的不同组织中的含量存在显著差异。As在9种螺类中均超标。管角螺足肌As、内脏团Cd的含量最高;Pb在托氏虫昌螺1(I=6.5)和2(I=5.5)、扁玉螺足肌(I=2.1)和管角螺内脏团(I=1.22)含量超标,其余样品低于国家食品卫生标准或I值小于1。除扁玉螺足肌组织外(I=1.21),扁玉螺内脏团和其余8种螺Cr的I值均小于1。

大气降尘中重金属污染源解析研究进展

重金属污染是大气降尘污染的一个重要方面,治理污染首先要查明污染源。文章概述了近几年来国内外大气降尘重金属污染源解析的常用方法及其研究方法中的一些特点,重点阐述了铅、锶同位素示踪技术在大气降尘中重金属污染溯源研究中的应用,针对以往研究工作的不足和存在的问题,指出了今后重金属污染源解析研究中的重点:采用Pb、Sr同位素示踪法结合元素地球化学追踪重金属污染源和评价污染程度;利用Pb、Sr同位素示踪技术研究大气降尘重金属污染物的迁移转化规律。

变压器油色谱分析及其应用的研究

介绍了变压器油色谱分析方法的理论依据。阐述了色谱分析的4种常用方法:特征气体法、产气速率法、三比值法和TD图法的优缺点。说明了人工智能判断变压器故障的局限性,将色谱分析法结合油中微量金属含量分析运用于具体的电力工程实践中,实践证明,该方法是一种行之有效的诊断方法。