Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

氟西汀对脑卒中后非抑郁患者神经功能康复的影响

目的:了解氟西汀对脑卒中后非抑郁患者神经功能康复的影响。方法:60例脑卒中后非抑郁患者按入院时间分为治疗组(30例)对照组(30例),除脑卒中后常规的药物治疗和康复训练指导外,治疗组加用氟西汀20mg/d,分别在治疗前,治疗后30,60d用汉密抑郁量表(HAMD),汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA),MESS,ADL评价患者的情绪和神经功能。结果:发现治疗组在30d时ADL改善与对照组在统计学上有显著差异(P<0.05),在60d时MESSS和ADL的改善与对照组在统计学上有显著性差异(P<0.05),而两组在治疗前、治疗30,60d,HAMD、HAMA评分均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:氟西汀能够改善卒中后非抑郁患者的神经功能,其机制的确与抗抑郁作用无关,可能是氟西汀能提高突触间隙5-羟色胺(5-HT)的浓度,促进5-HT突触的传递作用,来改善神经运动功能,促进脑损伤后神经功能的恢复。

盐酸氟西汀治疗早泄的疗效研究

目的 探讨盐酸氟西汀治疗早泄的疗效。方法 将 43例门诊早泄患者随机分为两组 :甲组 2 1例患者每次性交时采用动 -停 -动行为疗法 ,即同房前充分性爱抚 ,阴茎全部进入阴道后由不动至缓动至小幅度旋动 ,待女方将达高潮期时做抽动动作。乙组 2 2例患者除应用行为疗法外 ,同时口服盐酸氟西汀 2 5mg ,每晚 1次 ,连用 4周。治疗第 6周门诊随访 ,采用SCL - 90问卷评价治疗前后阴道内射精潜伏期、性交满意度及不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗后两组患者性交持续时间间差别有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。两组治疗有效率及总体性交满意度间的差别均无显著性意义 (均P >0 0 5 ) ,可能与观察例数较少有关。结论 盐酸氟西汀是治疗早泄的有效药物 ,配合行为疗法可提高其疗效。

心理干预对老年脑卒中病人抑郁及神经功能康复的影响

目的探讨心理干预对老年脑卒中后抑郁及神经功能康复的影响。方法将 12 0例老年脑卒中后抑郁病人随机分为观察组 (心理干预联合氟西汀及常规脑血管病治疗 )、对照 1组 (氟西汀联合常规脑血管病治疗 )及对照 2组(常规脑血管病治疗 )各 4 0例。分别于治疗前及治疗后第 2、4、8、12周末进行Hamilton抑郁量表 (HAMD)、神经功能缺陷及日常生活能力 (ADL)评定。结果经过 12周治疗后 ,观察组病人HAMD及神经功能缺陷评分均明显低于对照 1、2组 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;ADL评分则明显高于对照 1、2组 (均P <0 .0 1)。结论心理干预不仅有助于改善老年脑卒中后抑郁 ,而且有利于病人神经功能的康复 ,提高其ADL。

LC-MS/MS法快速定量人血浆中氟西汀的浓度

目的建立高效液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS/MS）法测定人血浆中氟西汀的浓度。方法选用Agilent XDB-C18色谱柱,以乙腈-1mmol/L甲酸铵溶液（含0.1%甲酸）为流动相,采用梯度洗脱进行分离,标本经乙腈沉淀后进样,选用3200QTRAP型质谱仪的多重反应监测（MRM）扫描方式进行检测。结果氟西汀线性范围为0.30~50.0ng/mL,定量下限0.30ng/mL。准确度与精密度结果显示方法日间、日内变异均小于15%,相对偏差为-2.80%~2.09%,低、中、高3个浓度提取回收率平均值均大于98%,基质效应小,稳定性好。结论该方法快速、灵敏、专属性强、重现性高,可用于人体氟西汀血药浓度的监测及人体药代动力学研究。

比较米氮平与氟西汀治疗老年抑郁症的疗效和副反应

目的:比较抗抑郁药米氮平与氟西汀改善老年抑郁症的作用及不良反应。方法:老年抑郁症患者64例,随机分为2组各32例,A组患者晚上口服米氮平片15mg,2-3周内加至30mg;B组早上口服氟西汀片10mg,2-3周内加至20mg,均治疗6周。治疗前和治疗1、2、4、6周末时分别采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应。结果:HAMD减分率在治疗第1周时A组明显低于B组(P<0.01);第2周末时2组比较差异无显著性意义;6周后,A组和B组有效率及治愈率无明显差别,分别为85.2%、53%与84.4%、49%。TESS评分比较,A组轻于B组。结论:米氮平与氟西汀对老年抑郁症患者均有肯定疗效,且副作用小;但米氮平起效更快,副反应更轻微,更能提高老年患者接受治疗的依从性。

LC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中氟西汀、去甲氟西汀、帕罗西汀和氟伏沙明的质量浓度

目的建立一种简单、快速的能同时测定血浆中氟西汀、去甲氟西汀、帕罗西汀和氟伏沙明质量浓度的LC-MS/MS方法。方法血浆经乙腈沉淀后,上清液直接进样分析。色谱柱为Hypersil GOLD aQ,流动相为乙腈-1 mL·L^-1甲酸溶液,梯度洗脱。正离子检测,扫描方式为选择性反应监测,氟西汀、去甲氟西汀、帕罗西汀、氟伏沙明和内标罗红霉素的检测离子对分别为m/z 310.2→44.4,296.1→134.1,330.2→192.1,319.2→259.1和837.7→679.3。结果血浆中氟西汀、去甲氟西汀、帕罗西汀和氟伏沙明的质量浓度在1~1000 ng·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好,最低定量下限为1 ng·mL^-1。氟西汀、去甲氟西汀、帕罗西汀和氟伏沙明的日内和日间精密度RSD值均小于15%,日内和日间相对误差在-15%~15%之间,药物的提取回收率均大于90%,无显著基质效应。药物在反复冻融3次、室温下保存12 h和-80℃保存1个月的条件下稳定。该方法成功应用于抑郁症患者的氟西汀、去甲氟西汀、帕罗西汀和氟伏沙明血药质量浓度监测。结论建立的LC-MS/MS分析方法简便、灵敏、准确,可用于临床血药质量浓度的监测。

阿司匹林联合氟西汀对CUMS抑郁模型大鼠行为学及海马PKA表达的影响

目的通过观察阿司匹林联合氟西汀对慢性轻度不可预见性应激(CUMS)大鼠行为学及海马蛋白激酶A(PKA)表达的影响,探讨阿司匹林联合氟西汀的抗抑郁效果。方法 56只SD大鼠,随机分为7组:正常组(A组)、模型组(B组)、大剂量氟西汀联合阿司匹林用药组(C组)、大剂量氟西汀组(D组)、小剂量氟西汀联合阿司匹林用药组(E组)、小剂量氟西汀组(F组)、阿司匹林组(G组)。采用不同应激因子交替持续应激21d,复制大鼠CUMS抑郁模型,观察大鼠行为学和学习记忆能力的变化,用免疫组化法测定海马PKA的表达。结果 C组较之D组,体重增长值及海马PKA表达均增加,学习记忆能力增强;减少氟西汀剂量,联合阿司匹林用药,其抗抑郁效果与大剂量氟西汀相当,体重增长值及糖水摄入量差异均无统计学意义。结论阿司匹林与氟西汀联合应用,减少了氟西汀的毒副反应,抑制了抑郁症中的炎症反应,具有较好的抗抑郁效应。

盐酸文拉法辛缓释胶囊和氟西汀治疗抑郁症的对照研究

目的观察文拉法辛治疗抑郁症的疗效和安全性。方法患者随机分为文拉法辛组[(175±20)mg/d,n=48]和氟西汀组(20mg/d,n=50),疗效采用HAMD17项评分,不良反应采用TESS和监测血压。疗程均为6周。结果文拉法辛组痊愈率39.6%,有效率68.8%;氟西汀组痊愈率30.0%,有效率5%,2组比较差异无统计学意义。但文拉法辛组在HAMD量表减分值方面,第1、2、4周均更明显。2组在不良反应上无统计学差异。结论文拉法辛治疗抑郁症起效较快、疗效肯定、安全性较好。