Effect of surfactant frequently used in soil flushing on oxygen mass transfer in micro-nano-bubble aeration system

In-site soil flushing and aeration are the typical synergetic remediation technology for contaminated sites.The surfactant present in flushing solutions is bound to affect the aeration efficiency.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of surfactant frequently used in soil flushing on the oxygen mass transfer in micro-nano-bubble(MNB)aeration system.Firstly,bio-surfactants and chemical surfactants were used to investigate their effects on Sauter mean diameter of bubble(dBS),gas holdup(ε),volumetric mass-transfer coefficient(kLa)and liquid-side mass-transfer coefficient(kL)in the MNB aeration system.Then,based upon the experimental results,the Sardeing's and Frossling's models were modified to describe the effect of surfactant on kL in the MNB aeration.The results showed that,for the twenty aqueous surfactant solutions,with the increase in surfactant concentration,the value of dBS,kLa and kL decreased,while the value ofεand gas-liquid interfacial area(a)increased.These phenomena were mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of immobile bubble surface and the suppression of coalescence in the surfactant solutions.In addition,with the presence of electric charge,MNBs in anionic surfactant solutions were smaller and higher in number than in non-ionic surfactant solutions.Furthermore,the accumulation of surfactant on the gas-liquid interface was more conspicuous for small MNB,so the reduction of kL in anionic surfactant solutions was larger than that in non-ionic surfactant solutions.Besides,the modified Frossling's model predicted the effect of surfactant on kL in MNB aeration system with reasonable accuracy.

Analysis and Prospect of Waste Heat Utilization from Blast Furnace Slag Flushing

Estimating the residual heat of blast furnace slag flushing in China,classifying and introducing the current proposed methods of slag flushing waste heat utilization,and listing existing cases.In order to better save energy and water in the slag flushing process of blast furnaces,an ideal comprehensive cascade utilization system scheme for annual recovery of waste heat is proposed.Based on the measured waste heat data of a steel plant,design calculations are carried out to further analyze the economic feasibility of the new scheme and provide reference for its promotion and application.

Vancomycin flushing syndrome in orthopaedic practice:A case report

BACKGROUND Vancomycin flushing syndrome(VFS),also known as red man syndrome,is an allergic reaction to vancomycin.It typically presents as a rash on the face,neck,and upper torso after intravenous administration of vancomycin.VFS is blamed on rapid intravenous infusion of vancomycin during management and rarely happens after local use.A review of the literature showed that in the last 23 years,4 such cases have been reported.Here,we add another case of VFS developed after slow local absorption of vancomycin in cement beads.CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old male with a known case of hypertension,no history of allergies to medications,and a history of chronic osteomyelitis of the right tibia with discharging sinus over the anterolateral aspect of the leg.The pus culture grew Staphylococcus aureus,which was sensitive to clindamycin and vancomycin.The patient underwent irrigation and debridement with the placement of vancomycin cement beads made from 4 g of vancomycin powder and 40 g of polymethyl methacrylate.Three hours postoperatively,the patient developed a pruritic,erythematous,macular rash predominantly on his face,neck,chest,and lower extremities and to a lesser extent his upper extremities.A diagnosis of VFS was made and was successfully treated with cetirizine(10 mg,oral)and methylprednisolone sodium succinate(125 mg,intravenous).The patient continued to have itching with a facial rash for 12 h with gradual improvement.A decision was made to not remove the beads as the patient continued to improve.Gradually,the rash disappeared after 96 h with no further sequela.CONCLUSION VFS can occur not only after rapid intravenous injection of vancomycin but also with local release,as in our case.As orthopaedic surgeons routinely use vancomycin with polymethyl methacrylate in chronic osteomyelitis and revision arthroplasty,they should be aware of such a complication occurring.

Flush by Unit在哥伦比亚Capella油田的应用

Capella油田是哥伦比亚南部重要的稠油油田,目前处于开发生产阶段,为了油田的稳产增产,需频繁对油井进行干预。Flush by Unit具有操作简单、移动高效、作业时间缩短、安全事故少等优点,作为试点引入了Flush by Unit为该油田的浅井提供修井服务,以降低桶油成本。本文介绍了Flush by Unit的结构组成、使用范围、现场使用效果,与传统修井机相比,可以大幅降低作业时间和成本,为后续规模使用Flush by Unit进行常规修井提供了依据,也为油田的增产稳产带来了机遇。

Stress-unloading and gas migration improvement mechanism in the soft and hard interbedded coal seam using directional hydraulic flushing technology

To enhance gas drainage in the soft and hard interbedded(SHI)coal seam,it’s necessary to unload the insitu stress and improve its gas migration performance.In this research,a directional hydraulic flushing(DHF)technology was carried out.The stress-unloading and gas migration improvement mechanism was analyzed through numerical simulation,and systematic engineering tests were conducted to verify the gas drainage effect.The results show that the improvement of gas migration performance in the SHI coal seam is caused by a combined effect of seepage-improving and diffusion-improving.After DHF,stress-unloading and plastic failure could be achieved both in the soft coal(SC)sublayer and in the hard coal(HC)sublayer.However,the gas diffusion capacity improves significantly in the SC sublayer,while the gas seepage capacity improves notably in the HC sublayer.Meanwhile,the stress-unloading and gas migration improvement effect improves with the flushing radius and the thickness of the SC sublayer.Besides,after adopting the DHF technology,the gas drainage effect improved markedly.The borehole number dropped by 49%,the gas drainage ratio increased from 26.0%to 48.2%,and the average coal roadway excavation speed increased from 2.4 to 5.6 m/d.

Design and Fluid-Dynamic Analysis of a Flushing Nozzle for Drilling Applications

The actuator is a key component of the creaming tool in drilling applications.Its jet performances determine the effective reaming efficiency.In this work,a new selective reaming tool is proposed and the RNG k-εturbulence model is used to calculate its internal and externalflowfields.In particular,special attention is paid to the design of theflushing nozzle.The results show that the jet originating from theflushing nozzle has a significant influence on rock cutting and blade cooling effects.In turn,the jet performances depend on geometric structure of the creaming actuator.In this framework,a conical-cylindrical nozzle with a diameter of 7 mm is initially considered as a basis to implement a strategy to optimize the structural parameters of the reaming actuator,and improve the related side tracking reconstruction technology.

聚维酮碘对家兔创面组织浸泡冲洗的影响

背景:临床上人工关节置换所面临的最危险、最严重的并发症就是发生人工关节假体周围感染,找到一个能够预防人工关节置换假体周围感染的方法是迫切需要的。目的:观察聚维酮碘对家兔肌肉、血管、脂肪和骨质等组织进行浸泡冲洗后的影响。方法:选取40只10周龄雄性新西兰大白兔,每只兔子的左后腿作为实验组,右后腿作为对照组。兔后肢麻醉后切开,显露后肢的肌肉、血管、脂肪和骨质,对照组手术切口内用生理盐水浸泡和冲洗;实验组手术切口内用聚维酮碘原液及生理盐水浸泡和冲洗。40只兔分别在浸泡聚维酮碘0,1,3,5 min时随机处死10只切取创面组织标本,采用苏木精-伊红染色制片,对细胞数目及分布进行统计学分析和比较。结果与结论:①经聚维酮碘浸泡冲洗的肌肉、血管、脂肪和骨质与生理盐水对照组相比,镜下未见其细胞结构、形态及数目有明显的差异;②运用配对t检验探究对照组与实验组之间的差异性,配对数据均没有呈现出差异性(P>0.05);③提示聚维酮碘对家兔肌肉、血管、脂肪和骨质等组织进行浸泡冲洗后与生理盐水相比未见明显差异,反映了聚维酮碘溶液作为创口内消毒剂的安全有效性。

超纯透析中逆超滤冲洗用于无肝素血液透析患者效果观察

目的探讨超纯透析中逆超滤冲洗在无肝素血液透析中的应用效果。方法将便利选取的45例有出血风险的无肝素血液透析患者分为对照组26例、干预组19例;血液透析过程中对照组采用常规生理盐水冲洗法,干预组采用逆超滤冲洗法;比较两组治疗完成情况、凝血指标及护理操作便捷性。结果两组均行91例次血液透析;干预组提前下机与更换管路后完成血液透析率、透析器和静脉壶凝血发生率显著低于对照组,每例次血液透析时间及护理操作频次显著少于对照组(均P<0.05)。干预组血液透析前后相关凝血指标差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);对照组凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血酶时间显著延长,纤维蛋白原含量显著减少(均P<0.05)。结论超纯透析中逆超滤冲洗可有效减少无肝素血液透析患者体外管路凝血,提高血液透析效率与安全性。

改良注水耗材连接在消化内镜诊疗中的应用

目的 探讨灭菌注射用水和一次性输液管改良注水耗材连接在消化内镜诊疗的应用。方法 采用自身前后对照方法,2019年12月前使用传统注水技术,2020年1月开始使用改良注水技术,即灭菌注射用水直接连接一次性输液管,代替复用水瓶(将灭菌注射用水倒入后)和送水管储水及送水,比较改良前后冲洗液微生物培养结果、耗材成本及护士耗费时间。结果 改良前后冲洗液微生物培养结果均合格。改良前复用水瓶需集中清洗后送供应室灭菌,循环利用需等2d后,每人次内镜诊疗注水耗材连接总成本(29.81±4.65)元,连接、安装和拆卸时间(8.15±1.42)min;改良后总成(3.46±0.51)元,连接、安装及拆卸时间共(2.00±0.22)min,操作简单,取材方便。结论 改良注水耗材连接操作简单,节约成本,减少护士耗时,保障诊疗安全。

舟山LNG取水泵站泥沙减淤清淤试验研究

LNG接收站取水流道内水流形态复杂,泥沙淤积问题往往难以避免,特别是在含沙量较高水域,流道内泥沙淤积可能威胁接收站的正常运营。为实现LNG取水泵站不停机条件下清淤,开展取水泵站射流冲刷物理模型试验,模拟了射流冲沙装置开启后吸水间射流水流特征及冲刷效果,探究了射流冲刷设置的喷嘴与翼墙夹角、射流流量、冲刷时间等因素影响下流道内减淤清淤效果。试验结果表明,在理想状态下吸水间射流冲沙装置连续作用12h基本可达到较为理想的清淤效果;一次大风浪过后,装置连续作用0.5h基本可达到较为理想的清淤效果。清淤效果视射流流量、喷嘴与翼墙夹角以及冲刷时间不同而有差别。结合取水泵站泥沙淤积物理模型试验研究成果,取水泵站淤积区主要发生在前池、过滤池末端、吸水间和消防泵附近,建议在这些区域安装射流冲沙装置,实现不停机状态下的减淤清淤,提高取水安全保证率,从而提高运营效益。

水汽系统积盐问题分析及处理

尿素水解制氨技术已广泛应用于火电机组脱硝还原剂的制备。然而,若出现尿素质量不合格,尿素水解器发生泄漏以及水解器疏水回用至凝汽器的情况,会对热力系统造成巨大危害。对某燃煤机组尿素水解器泄漏致水汽系统严重积盐及过热器爆管进行了分析,并提出了补充处理方案。实施后机组各项水汽指标均达到《火力发电机组及蒸汽动力设备水汽质量》(GB/T 12145—2016)要求,为水汽系统积盐的原因分析及处理提供了解决方案。

初期雨水调蓄池单位面积调蓄深度数值模拟

单位面积调蓄深度决定了初雨调蓄池的设计容积和截污效果,但仅仅根据规范的推荐取值缺少对后果的量化判断。忽略管道中的沉积和冲刷,分别以单子汇水区和多子汇水区排水系统为例,针对不同下垫面特征和降雨特征,在SWMM模型中进行多降雨条件模拟,计算得到产流和悬浮固体(SS)的冲刷情况。结果表明,单子汇水区单次降雨初期冲刷主要受污染物积累程度、初雨峰值雨强和初雨总量控制,对多场降雨的初雨SS控制率均很高;多子汇水区系统不同场次降雨SS削减率可能有明显差异,SS控制率随调蓄深度增加而增加且差异减小,单位面积调蓄深度取2 mm时SS控制率已达较高水平,但4 mm以上时SS控制率增速明显减慢;初期雨水调蓄池是否达到了污染控制目标,不应只看是否位于系统的上游,也不只限于根据技术规范的推荐取值,需通过模型计算判断。

钻井利器的故事之“护壁堵漏材料”

近年来,作为入地最为关键手段的钻探所面临的地层越来越复杂,钻孔垮塌、掉块、缩径和超径等事故发生概率增加,严重制约了钻探工程质量与效率的提升。护壁堵漏材料是钻探工程不可或缺的关键性工程材料,护壁堵漏技术则是保证钻进工作安全、快速以及持续进行的重要技术环节,是复杂地层钻孔处理的主要内容。本文从科普的角度介绍了护壁堵漏材料的基本概念与组成、冲洗液护壁堵漏作用、水泥基材料护壁堵漏作用、护壁堵漏材料的进一步发展空间等,以期加深对护壁堵漏材料的认识,促进新型护壁堵漏材料的研发和应用。

新型搭接连接钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

为满足混凝土结构钢筋部品高效高精度装配化施工需求,针对钢筋传统绑扎连接方式存在的局限性,提出适应性强的钢筋新型搭接方式。为验证该搭接方式受力可靠性,以搭接方式、搭接长度及接触与否为变量,设计制作了5组共15个试件。通过典型四点抗弯试验,研究了各试件的破坏模式、荷载-位移曲线及搭接区域钢筋应变变化规律等。试验结果表明,钢筋搭接方式对破坏形态有着较为明显的影响,弯曲裂缝集中出现在截面配筋突变处;在附加搭接钢筋取为两倍搭接长度条件下,所提出的齐头绑扎搭接方式能有效传力;钢筋间接搭接与否对试件承载力、裂缝发展及弯曲破坏形态没有明显影响。

双套管负压冲洗引流技术在颌面颈部多间隙感染患者中的临床应用

目的分析双套管负压冲洗引流技术在颌面颈部多间隙感染患者中的临床应用效果。方法收集2021年2月-2024年6月共14例患者临床资料,分析使用双套管负压冲洗引流技术的治疗效果,并对其使用方式、方法、优缺点、相关并发症等进行临床经验总结。结果经双套管负压冲洗引流患者,均痊愈出院,临床效果好,引流充分,换药时间短,医务人员工作大幅减轻,患者无换药恐惧及痛苦,无明显并发症,临床效果确切。结论双套管负压冲洗引流技术在颌面颈部多间隙感染患者应用中,引流充分、疗效确切,值得临床推广。

仅用生理盐水冲封管在三向瓣膜式中长导管留置输液中的应用效果

目的:探讨仅用生理盐水冲封管在三向瓣膜式中长导管留置输液中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2021年3月至2022年2月在该院行静脉留置导管输液治疗的160例肺结核病患者的临床资料,根据封管方式不同将其分为对照组和观察组各80例。两组均留置三向瓣膜式中长导管输液7周左右,对照组采用生理盐水脉冲式冲管联合100 U/mL肝素溶液正压封管,观察组仅用生理盐水冲封管。比较两组导管留置时间、住院时间、单次封管费用、封管平均用时、不良事件发生率及护理满意度。结果:观察组导管留置时间长于对照组,住院时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组单次封管费用少于对照组,封管平均用时短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组导管堵塞、血流感染、静脉炎发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组护理满意度为96.25%(77/80),高于对照组81.25%(65/80),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:仅用生理盐水冲封管用于三向瓣膜式中长导管留置输液患者能有效延长导管留置时间,缩短封管平均用时和住院时间,降低封管费用,提高护理满意度,且不增加导管堵塞、血流感染、静脉炎的发生率,效果优于生理盐水冲管联合肝素溶液封管。

恒温等渗冲洗液在急诊口服农药中毒洗胃中的应用效果评价

目的:探讨恒温等渗冲洗液在急性口服农药中毒患者洗胃中的应用效果。方法:选取52例口服农药中毒患者为研究对象,按随机数表法分为实验组(26例)和对照组(26例),实验组患者采用恒温等渗冲洗液进行洗胃,对照组患者采用传统温开水进行洗胃。比较两组患者发生低钾血症、低钠血症、黏膜出血等并发症发生率,以及两组患者洗胃液的平均准备时间。结果:实验组患者中发生低钾血症、低钠血症及黏膜出血并发症发生率均明显低于对照组,实验组患者洗胃液的平均准备时间明显低于对照组,满意度高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:采用恒温等渗冲洗液对口服农药中毒患者进行洗胃,可明显减少患者并发低钾血症、低钠血症、黏膜出血的发生率,同时也明显缩短了洗胃液的准备时间,提高患者的护理满意度。

在线清洗式泵出口pH测量装置的设计与应用

在有色湿法冶炼中,pH值经常被作为重要的工艺反应指标,但是在实际生产中,工艺介质浆料往往由于性状粘稠,易结垢,会对pH电极进行包裹,导致pH电极寿命缩短、测量参数不稳定,甚至失真。为了解决以上的问题,本文结合实际应用,介绍一种可在线清洗式泵出口pH测量装置,通过对pH电极的在线清洗,解决了pH测量偏差的问题。在现场应用中发挥了良好效果。

化工企业初期雨水收集处理的环境经济效应

以上海化学工业区某典型化工企业57场降雨径流在线监测数据为基础,模拟不同初期雨水收集深度情景下化工企业雨水排放口水质达标率与雨水系统运行费用的变化。分析结果显示,化工企业收集20 mm初期雨水后,预计污染降雨径流流量下降32%,雨水水质超标频率降低72%,企业雨水系统运行费用减少32%。因此,化工企业做好初期雨水管控,能够显著减少雨水系统运行费用,同时可以有效降低企业水环境污染风险。

库尔勒香梨芽变材料物候期及坐果特性观测

【目的】观测研究库尔勒香梨芽变材料的物候期及坐果特性,为提升库尔勒香梨品质提供参考依据。【方法】以库尔勒香梨和库尔勒香梨芽变材料为研究对象,设置芽变材料无人工授粉组、普通库尔勒香梨人工授粉组和普通库尔勒香梨无人工授粉组,且3个处理组均不喷施促进萼片脱落的药剂,研究3个处理组的物候期、坐果率及脱萼率。【结果】库尔勒香梨芽变材料与普通库尔勒香梨的物候期高度重合,相差不超过2 d;芽变材料无人工授粉组坐果率与脱萼率>普通库尔勒香梨人工授粉组坐果率与脱萼率>普通库尔勒香梨无人工授粉组坐果率与脱萼率,3个处理组之间均存在极显著差异。【结论】芽变材料与普通库尔勒香梨的物候期基本一致,现有库尔勒香梨种植区的管理方式无需改变即可直接利用该材料进行嫁接;芽变材料的坐果率与脱萼率都显著高于普通库尔勒香梨,在栽培过程中可以有效减少使用化学药剂,降低成本且提高果实品质。