Intelligent architecture modeling for multilevel fluvial reservoirs based on architecture interface and elements

At present,the architecture modeling method of fluvial reservoirs are still developing.Traditional methods usually use grids to characterize architecture interbeds within the reservoir.Due to the thin thickness of this type of the interlayers,the number of the model grids must be greatly expanded.The number of grids in the tens of millions often makes an expensive computation;however,upscaling the model will generate a misleading model.The above confusion is the major reason that restricts the largescale industrialization of fluvial reservoir architecture models in oilfield development and production.Therefore,this paper explores an intelligent architecture modeling method for multilevel fluvial reservoirs based on architecture interface and element.Based on the superpositional relationship of different architectural elements within the fluvial reservoir,this method uses a combination of multilevel interface constraints and non-uniform grid techniques to build a high-resolution 3D geological model for reservoir architecture.Through the grid upscaling technology of heterogeneous architecture elements,different upscaling densities are given to the lateral-accretion bedding and lateral-accretion bodies to simplify the model gridding.This new method greatly reduces the number of model grids while ensuring the accuracy of lateral-accretion bedding models,laying a foundation for large-scale numerical simulation of the subsequent industrialization of the architecture model.This method has been validated in A layer of X oilfield with meandering fluvial channel sands as reservoirs and B layer of Y oilfield with braided river sands as reservoirs.The simulation results show that it has a higher accuracy of production history matching and remaining oil distribution forecast of the targeted sand body.The numerical simulation results show that in the actual development process of oilfield,the injected water will not displace oil in a uniform diffusive manner as traditionally assumed,but in a more complex pattern with oil in upper part of sand body being left behind as residual oil due to the influences of different levels of architecture interfaces.This investigation is important to guiding reservoir evaluation,remaining oil analysis,profile control and potential tapping and well pattern adjustment.

Tectonic and climatic controls for fluvial terraces of the Yellow River over the past 2.6 Ma at Northeast Tibetan Plateau and Ordos Block

The Yellow River is usually assumed to record tectonic activities and climatic changes;however,a systematic study was lack in the sedimentology,stratigraphy,geomorphology and geochronology for the entire Yellow River though various geologic scholars have conducted numerous works in individual basins.This review focused on well-preserved fluvial terrace sequences that formed along this river on northeastern(NE)Tibetan Plateau and Ordos Block over the past 2.6 Ma.After comparing numerous initial incision ages at different segments along the Yellow River,we found out that the youngest initial incision may occur at ca.150 ka at the Longyang Gorge.The Yellow River may transit from multiple separated endorheic drainages to an entire external drainage after 150 ka,which may cause differentiations in the apparent incision rates before and after 150 ka;thus apparent net incision rates were calculated respectively for the Yellow River before 150 ka and the drainage network post 150 ka.Apparent net incision rates prior to 0.15 Ma were calculated as 0.15,0.29,0.10,0.12 and 0.03 mm/a respectively in Tongde-Xunhua,Lanzhou-Linxia basins,Heishan,Jinshan and Fenwei-Sanmen Gorges in this review,which mainly reflected Kunhuang-Gonghe Tectonic Event,generated by the Indo-Asian collision and diminishing as the NE Tibetan Plateau eastward extruding at ca.1.8-0.15 Ma.Apparent net incision rates post 0.15 Ma were calculated respectively for NE Tibetan Plateau and Ordos Block,considering their different base level.On NE Tibetan Plateau,four fluvial degradational phases were identified between ca.105~70,53~40,25~16 and 12~6 ka associated with terrace levels respectively,at average elevations of 96,40,20 and 10.5 meters above the current river level(m arl)within a range of 5~96 m arl;and four broad periods in the last 150 ka on Ordos Block:possibly marine oxygen isotope stage(MIS)5,ca.118 to 72 ka,most of MIS 3,ca.44~28 ka,transition from LGM to last deglacial ca.20 to 16 ka,and 4~3 ka at average elevations of 67.5,26,19 and 11.5 m arl.These degradational phases post 0.15 Ma were associated with multiple processes including enhanced fluvial discharge with an increase in monsoonal precipitation and/or melt water in deglaciation.

Distribution of Mid-deeply Buried Sand-bodies and their Hydrocarbon Significance at Basin Margins: Case Study of the Paleogene in the Eastern Liuzan Area of the Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China

The current research aims to unlock the temporal and spatial distribution of sand-bodies and their relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation in the mid-deep layer of basin margins, located in the eastern part of the Liuzan area of the Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China. Through this study, the main target interval of the area was divided into two fourthorder sequences. The lean sand mixed sedimentary belt with great importance in controlling hydrocarbon accumulation was identified through the comprehensive use of 3 D seismic data, logging data, lithological data and seismic inversion data. A detailed analysis of sand-body development characteristics and their role in controlling hydrocarbon accumulation was conducted. The results reveal that the study area mainly develops two distinct fan-delta lobes from the NE-trending sediment supply direction. Due to the relatively high influence of the lacustrine transgression event, the scale of the lean sand mixed sedimentary belt within the SQ1-1(the lacustrine transgressive systems tract) is relatively small, showing a relatively continuous distribution of sand bodies in the plane. Conversely, due to the relatively high impact of the lacustrine regression event, the scale of the lean sand mixed sedimentary belt developed within the SQ1-2(the highstand systems tract) is relatively large, the two east sets of fan-delta sedimentary systems being clearly separated. The lean sand mixed sedimentary belt formed a good lateral occlusion belt in favor of hydrocarbon accumulation. Through composite analysis of structural interpretation results, sand-body distribution and well test data, it is evident that the lean sand mixed sedimentary belt located in the structural high is not a favorable zone for hydrocarbon accumulation. In contrast, the wing of the high part of the structure is the zone of sand-bearing bodies and is a favorable zone of hydrocarbon accumulation.

Fluvial reservoir characterization through channel belt dimension and petrophysical analysis

The dimensions and connectivity of fluvial reservoirs vary greatly, making it challenging to characterize them using conventional approaches. In this study integrated channel belt dimension analysis from seismic geomorphology and empirical equations, well log facies, and petrophysical analysis were performed to characterize the fluvial reservoirs. The study interval consists of fluvial deposits and is divided into three reservoir zones, which are defined by four key regional markers (B, D, K, O). In these intervals, six (6) fluvial facies have been identified. Based on the log facies proportions and their stacking relationships, it is interpreted that the reservoirs in zone 1 (B to D) were deposited in a proximal reach of a meandering system, zone 2 (D to K) in a marginal marine setting, and zone 3 (K) in a distal reach of a meandering system. The dimensions of fluvial channels and channel belts were determined using empirical equations. The results were compared with the observed dimensions of fluvial channels and channel belts from the seismic horizon and stratal slices of the same intervals. Zones 1 and 3 are characterized by broad meander belts (1000–4000 m) compared to zone 2 (600–1300 m). Petrophysical analysis showed zones 1 and 3 have the better petrophysical properties compared to zone 2. Though zone 3 has the most well-developed sand bodies, the best reservoir interval is zone 1 because of its higher porosity. Although channel belt dimensions have a significant influence on reservoir connectivity, they do not seem to have control on reservoir properties. The channel belt dimensions obtained from the empirical equations and interpreted from the seismic geomorphology analysis were found to be strikingly similar. Since three-dimensional seismic data is not available everywhere and seismic imaging quality decreases with depth, empirical equations can be used to analyze fluvial reservoir parameters and their connectivity at greater depths.

分支河流体系沉积学工作框架与流程

基于现有的研究成果和存在的问题,探讨了分支河流体系(DFS)研究中的关键科学问题、主要研究内容、研究方法和工作流程。研究结果表明:①DFS研究中最关键的3个科学问题是明确河网结构和河型演变规律、构建沉积标志和沉积模式、分析其形成和分布的控制因素。②DFS研究的主要内容包括建设形态沉积学数据库、现代沉积机理研究、分类研究、建立沉积模式、储层建模与储层预测等5个方面。③DFS研究中的关键技术包括基于遥感图像的形态数据采集、形成机理的水槽和模拟实验、河网重构、顶点位置预测与河道分汊点自动生成方法、储层建模知识库平台等。④DFS研究的基本工作流程是先建立形态沉积学数据库,搭建数据库软件平台,在此基础上选择具有代表性的DFS进行现代沉积解剖,然后综合现代沉积调查、露头解剖和模拟实验成果,形成分类体系,总结各类DFS的识别标志和沉积模式,分层次建立储层预测模型,形成沉积结构储层预测模型的建模软件平台,从而预测沉积体系中有利储层的分布。

水库拦沙对黄河下游河床演变的影响

为充分认识水库拦沙对其下游河道河床演变及防洪的影响,基于三门峡水库和小浪底水库拦沙期水沙及断面观测资料,研究了黄河下游河槽冲淤、洪水冲刷效率、河槽几何特征、排洪能力等规律。结果表明:水库拦沙期,黄河下游沿程河槽均发生了不均衡冲刷;河床粗化明显,粗化后床沙中值粒径最大值为冲刷前的2.1~2.5倍;高村以上河段同水位过洪能力增加明显,冲刷后较大的河槽容积可为小浪底水库排沙提供暂时的滞沙;河床粗化后细泥沙和中泥沙补给能力不足,河槽冲刷效率随冲刷历时的增加衰减明显。由于水库多年调节水沙过程及下游相对完善的河道整治工程约束,小浪底水库拦沙期黄河下游河槽冲刷重心下移,河床粗化程度增加,冲刷效率明显降低。研究成果可为水库水沙调控技术指标的选取提供科学依据。

试论河流地貌学的新进展和趋势

河流地貌学研究河流动力的侵蚀-搬运-堆积过程(源-汇系统)、河流地貌的时空演化,及其与地球内部构造活动和地球表层气候和环境之间的相互关系。介绍了河流地貌学与表层地球系统科学的关系、研究内容和发展趋势、前沿问题和研究机遇。河流侵蚀、搬运和堆积在构造-气候相互作用中起着重要的媒介作用,是地球内部和外部相互作用的重要纽带。随着高精度数字地形模型定量分析、地表侵蚀速率的定量测定、沉积物测年以及地貌演化数值模拟等新技术和新方法的应用,促进了不同时间和空间尺度流域地形、水系发育、河流地貌动力过程、河流地貌空间分布特征及其对构造、气候和人类活动等的响应和反馈的研究。未来除了更深入地理解流域尺度物质和形态的变化规律和机制外,加强河流地貌过程的定量表达,将流域地貌研究与表层地球系统的热点科学问题相联系,进一步开展学科交叉,服务于国家战略,才能提高河流地貌学、乃至地貌学科的竞争力。

基于地球河流扇预测模型的火星地表水径流量预测

【目的】火星表面的水活动地质历史一直是科学界关心的热点,直接影响着火星探测的研究方向。【方法】根据火星和地球的可对比性,建立了融合345个地球现代河流扇沉积的数据集并形成了高精度扇体面积预测模型,从而识别火星上的河流扇沉积,预测火星河流扇发育期的地表水径流量。【结果】结果表示,在火星南部高地霍尔顿陨石坑附近识别出一个面积约84.35 km^(2)的典型河流扇沉积,并反向预测出该扇体形成需要的年平均地表水径流量为1.8828×10^(6)m^(3),推测出该区域径流量不是由单一降水构成,为雪山(冰川)融水和降水多种来源。【结论】该成果是河流扇研究在行星沉积学中的应用,为进一步深入研究火星和其他天体地表水活动提供了新的方法。

尾闾河道形态演变特征的模拟试验研究

尾闾河道是河流与海洋交互的关键地带,对其形态演变研究具有生态环境意义。采用物理试验方法对常见的喇叭状和蜿蜒状(河口左偏与右偏)尾闾河道演变过程进行模拟,研究不同水沙条件下河道演变规律,并以河相系数和相对粗糙度为基准对不同河型稳定性进行评估。试验发现:河道平面形态会经历一个“稳定—微变—强变”阶段;河床平均高程和比降随时间的增加而增大,模型河道上游和河口段变化最大,中游段变化最小;加沙时上游河岸侵蚀、河床淤积,加沙停止后下游与河口段河岸侵蚀大于河床侵蚀,河口分汊、摆动。平面形态不稳定区域:蜿蜒状为下游段,最大与最小河相系数相差6.51倍以上;喇叭状为河口段,最大与最小河相系数相差3.32倍以上。断面形态不稳定区域:左偏蜿蜒状为下游段,最大与最小相对粗糙度相差3倍以上;右偏蜿蜒状为上游段,最大与最小相对粗糙度相差2.03倍以上;喇叭状为下游段,最大与最小相对粗糙度相差4.09倍以上。

鄂尔多斯盆地二叠系盒8段河流扇沉积模式及勘探意义

根据野外露头及岩心的分析化验资料,在源-汇系统分析的基础上,对鄂尔多斯盆地二叠系盒8段的古气候环境及沉积相特征进行了详细研究。研究结果表明:(1)鄂尔多斯盆地二叠系盒8段Sr/Cu的值多大于10,V/Cr值多小于2.0,地层厚度差小于30 m,未出现明显的突变,古沉积坡度为0.5°~1.0°,古地貌开阔平缓且无明显坡折带,沉积水体较浅,是在古气候干旱、古地形平缓的背景下,受阶段性洪水作用主导的事件沉积。(2)盒8段沉积期,盆地不存在大面积汇水区,沉积体系中河流并未进入湖泊水体,而是向东南流出盆地或是消失在内陆干旱地区,全盆地以洪泛平原沉积为主,表现为河道与泛滥平原交互分布的沉积格局,形成了河流扇沉积模式。(3)湖水进退往复,洪水期与枯水期间歇发育,洪水期多期次决口河道接力搬运使得粗粒级砂岩向湖盆长距离延伸,枯水期发育厚层泥质沉积可作为区域性盖层,形成了良好的储盖组合,勘探潜力大。

冰碛湖溢流溃决实验研究

冰湖溃决洪水是一种自然灾害,常常造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失。冰崩、岩崩、滑塌等斜坡运动是最常见的冰湖溃决洪水触发因素。巨大的位移波造成冰碛堤被侵蚀下切再溃决的直观想法简单明了,但这种解释还是存在许多问题。冰碛湖为浅长湖泊,物质流产生的涌浪类型只有孤立位移波。在不考虑反射损失的情况下,一次往返反射后的位移波,其振幅不到原振幅的37%,可以翻越冰碛堤的位移波,可能只有第一次传播到冰碛堤的位移波。侵蚀通常是一个相对缓慢的过程,在单个位移波通过冰碛堤的水动力过程中,其时间尺度相对较短,要完成对冰碛堤的全部侵蚀是不够的,仅一阵涌浪造成的冰碛堤侵蚀很小,不足以溃决冰碛湖。然而,恒定的水流以溢流的方式侵蚀进而溃决,要比以波浪漫过坝顶的侵蚀方式溃决容易得多。巨大的波浪必须由大体积的冰崩或滑坡进入湖泊而产生,并导致水位大幅上升,水位升高是冰碛湖溃决的主要原因。本研究对西藏6个典型冰湖展开调查,其中3个发生过溃决。在室内进行了一系列冰碛坝溢洪道溢流引发铠甲层破坏的实验研究,当铠甲层被溢流冲走后,就会发生冰碛堤溃决。当溢洪道底床坡度小于19.6°时,起动铠甲层颗粒的模式为河流输运模式。当溢洪道底床坡度大于25.2°时,起动铠甲层颗粒的模式为底床破坏模式。当溢洪道底床坡度在19.6°~25.2°范围内时,起动模式为河流输运和底床破坏两种混合模式。在河流输运模式中,冰碛堤溃决临界水深和铠甲层粒径之比与溢洪道坡度转折点上下游的坡度差成反比。对于铠甲层的底床破坏模式,冰碛堤溃决临界水深与铠甲层粒径之比为一个固定值。本文的冰碛湖溃决临界水位模型在中国西藏和加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的野外资料中得到了较好的验证。

河流、三角洲岩相一般特征研究

古河流-三角洲地带是油气有利的聚集地区,通过钻井数据与生产实际梳理河流-三角洲岩相规律;利用岩性、测井、物性等参数,结合微观影像、粒径分布等手段研究岩相特征。

分支河流体系河道弯度沿程变化规律——以格尔木河流扇为例

【目的】研究分支河流体系河型演变规律,建立相应参数的数据库,可为盆地范围内的沉积体系分布预测提供数据基础。【方法】利用Google Earth、Global Mapper地理信息软件,按照等比例网格进行河道弯度指数的采集,分析弯度指数沿程变化规律,建立格尔木河流扇河型演变的沉积模式。【结果】共测量河道弯度指数2 989个,根据格尔木河流扇河道弯度指数特征,可将格尔木河流扇划分为辫状河段、辫曲共生段、大型高弯曲流河段、小型低弯曲流河段4个部分:(1)辫状河段坡度0.70%,发育低弯度顺直河和辫状河,辫流带宽度大,河道弯度指数1.01~1.43,平均弯度指数1.08,主要发育辫状河道、废弃河道、泛滥平原等微相;(2)辫曲共生段坡度0.63%,既发育辫状河也发育曲流河,不同位置辫状河和曲流河发育程度和河道弯度指数大小不同,河道弯度指数1.08~5.00,平均弯度指数1.52,主要发育辫状河道、曲流河道、废弃河道、决口扇、沙丘、泛滥平原等微相;(3)大型高弯曲流河段坡度0.29%,以大型曲流河为主,河道宽,河湾摆幅大,河道弯度指数1.12~5.00,平均弯度指数1.83,主要发育曲流河道、废弃河道、沙丘、泛滥平原等微相;(4)小型低弯曲流河段坡度0.08%,主要发育小型分叉状的曲流河,河道窄,河湾摆幅小,河道弯度指数1.07~3.13,平均弯度指数1.51,主要发育曲流河道、废弃河道、决口扇、沙丘、泛滥平原等微相。【结论】建立了格尔木河流扇河型演变的沉积模式,为开展地下沉积体系分布预测提供新的基础数据。

特大洪水期间长江口浑浊带分粒级输沙特征

基于2020年7月特大洪水期间长江口浑浊带南槽、北槽和北港多站位同步实测水沙动力数据,研究了河口浑浊带分粒级输沙时空特征及其对泥沙来源响应的指示意义,结果表明:(1)北港和北槽是流域泥沙净向口外输移的主要输沙通道,南槽是海域泥沙净向口内输移的主要输沙通道,主槽内粉砂是主要输沙组分,占比63.2%,口外粉砂和黏土是主要输沙组分,分别占比43.2%、40.9%;(2)大潮粉砂输运占比高于小潮,黏土输运占比低于小潮,口外测站砂组分在大小潮期间于横沙浅滩和九段沙间沿岸输移,横沙浅滩附近大、小潮离岸输沙分别是北港口外的1.7倍和8倍,不利于横沙浅滩淤涨;(3)当前流域减沙高达70%,此次特大洪水期间黏土、粉砂和砂三组分近底净向口内输移为减沙背景下的口外供沙提供了有力的佐证。

塔里木盆地现代分支河流体系形态、分布及其主控因素

结合野外地质考察成果,运用地理信息软件测量了塔里木盆地及其周缘发育的分支河流体系(DFS),对比盆地不同区域DFS几何形态参数差异,以探究DFS发育规律及其主控因素。研究结果表明:(1)塔里木盆地沉积体系划分为DFS、轴向沉积体系、沙漠沉积体系及其他沉积体系4种类型,DFS总面积占比最高,约为36%,主要发育在南天山山前区、昆仑山山前区以及阿尔金山山前区3个区域。(2)盆地DFS可划分为小型、大型、巨型3种类型,昆仑山山前区DFS发育规模最大,阿尔金山山前区其次,南天山山前区最小。规模大的DFS控制着盆地DFS格局,在测量的846个DFS中,盆地小型DFS数量占比高达89.4%,总面积占比5%;巨型DFS数量占比为2.2%,总面积占比达68%。(3)DFS几何形态主要参数包括面积、半径、坡度。面积与半径拟合优度R2为0.966 4,具有较强的正相关性;坡度与半径拟合优度R2为0.463 0,具有一定程度的负相关性;坡度与面积拟合优度R2为0.498 8,具有一定程度的负相关性。(4)DFS形态及分布的主控因素包括气候、水文、构造隆升程度。极端干旱的气候条件下,河流更易干涸,DFS发育规模受到限制;DFS半径与河流径流量相关性较强,河流径流量越大,DFS发育规模越大;构造隆升程度起主导作用,山体隆升越大,越容易发育更大规模的DFS。盆地内部负向构造单元促进DFS发育,正向构造单元阻碍DFS发育。

东营凹陷缓坡带陆相红层砂岩粒度特征及沉积环境意义

东营凹陷古近系红层已被证实拥有巨大的勘探潜力。断陷盆地缓坡带广泛分布以砂、泥岩频繁互层为特征的红层沉积,而这种沉积物究竟形成于何种环境尚未形成统一认识。为明确这种干旱气候背景下发育的大规模陆相红层的沉积类型,以东营凹陷南部缓坡带王家岗地区W1、W2和W3井为例,系统解剖了孔一段-沙四下亚段红层储层的粒度分布特征、粒度参数特征及粒度概率累计曲线特征。结果显示:研究区红层储层砂岩具有单砂体厚度较薄(1~7.7 m)、粒度较细(平均粒径为2.24?~4.73?)的特点;粒度频率曲线主要为单峰正偏态型,表明沉积物以粗组分为主;粒度参数判别函数和判别图解均指示河流沉积环境;大多数样品的累计概率曲线具有显著的过渡组分(>50%),C-M图形与C=M线平行,表现出密度流特征。测井曲线主要为中-高幅箱型和钟型,指示加积和侧积作用占主导地位;岩心上常见反映快速堆积的块状层理、代表单向水流的平行层理和反映弱水流的小型交错层理等构造。基于研究区盆山相间的古地貌格局和炎热干旱的古气候背景的综合分析表明,红层砂岩形成于分支河流体系,其沉积特征表现为:从上游至下游,随着水动力条件的衰减,河道分汊加强,洪水侵蚀能力减弱,单砂体厚度和沉积物粒度逐渐减小,流体性质由密度流逐渐演变为牵引流。该研究的新认识为研究区红层油气勘探提供了新的思路,在开展此类型储层预测工作时,应重视古物源、古流向的分析,并加强对单期水道的识别和刻画。

上游来水来沙与洞庭湖入汇顶托对荆江河段冲淤的影响

三峡工程运用后荆江河段处于持续冲刷状态,分析上游来水来沙与洞庭湖入汇顶托对荆江河段冲淤的影响,对掌握坝下游河道演变规律具有重要意义。本研究基于2003—2020年荆江河段实测水沙及冲淤量资料,建立河段累计冲淤量与河段上下游边界条件之间的函数关系,并重点分析顶托作用对荆江河段冲淤的影响。结果表明:(1)荆江河段累计冲淤量与河段进口水流冲刷强度呈正相关,与进出口水位落差呈负相关,河段冲淤过程是二者共同作用的结果;(2)建立进口水流冲刷强度、进出口水位落差与荆江河段累计冲淤量的函数关系,能较好反映上下游边界条件对河段冲淤过程的影响(R^(2)>0.92);(3) 2003—2020年荆江河段累计冲刷量为12.3亿m^(3),在假设无洞庭湖入汇顶托的情况下比实测值增加0.67亿m^(3),即入汇顶托能使荆江河段冲刷量减少约5%;同期上、下荆江累计冲刷量分别为7.3亿和5.0亿m^(3),入汇顶托能使冲刷量分别减少约1%和16%。洞庭湖入汇顶托会导致荆江河段的冲刷量减少,对下荆江冲淤影响更显著。

分支河流体系河网形态演变规律——以格尔木河流扇为例

为了探索分支河流体系河网分布规律,为创建储层建模训练图像提供知识库信息。利用Google Earth、Global Mapper、91卫图助手等现代地理信息软件,系统测量了现代格尔木河流扇表面河道分叉特征,应用Horton定律和分形方法建立了河流扇的河网形态模型。结果表明:①格尔木河流扇从顶点到入湖段共识别出26级河道,882个节点和2162个河道段,泉线上、下的河道表现出不同的河网形态;②泉线上部共发育64个节点,每级河道数目增长是上一级河道的R_(B)=1.8900倍,每级河道平均长度是下一级河道的R_(L)=1.0095倍,即河网形态特征参数R_(B)=1.8900和R_(L)=1.0095;泉线下部共发育818个节点,每级河道数目增长是上一级河道的R_(B)=1.0279倍,每级河道平均长度是下一级河道的R_(L)=0.9899倍,即河网形态特征参数是R_(B)=1.0279和R_(L)=0.9899;③河网形态特征参数受坡度影响变化较大,坡度较大则河网形态特征参数较大,坡度较小则河网形态特征参数较小。河网形态特征参数定量表征促进了分支河流体系沉积学发展,为开展陆相盆地储层建模和砂体预测提供了新的知识库信息.

科尔沁沙地粗—细组分的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄特征:对定量物源及区域构造-岩浆演化事件的指示

追踪干旱—半干旱地区大型沙地的物源和风-河流相互作用机制对于理解陆地景观格局演变、地表过程与地貌动态以及大气圈和岩石圈之间的联系至关重要。然而,目前科尔沁沙地的物源仍存在较大争议,且缺乏具有统计意义的锆石U-Pb年龄数据库。因此,本研究对科尔沁沙地地表风成沙进行多点取样,根据不同粒级(<63μm和>63μm)选取1500颗碎屑锆石进行U-Pb测年分析,并利用逆向蒙特卡罗模型对其物源进行定量约束。结果表明,从目视定性的角度看,科尔沁沙地的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱特征非常相似。但定量重建结果显示沙地的物源整体上以中亚造山带的贡献为主(50.5%~61.3%),然而东南部体现出华北克拉通的绝对优势(~75.8%)。科尔沁沙地的物源存在空间异质性,沙地西部和北部的锆石年龄谱极为相似,与南部锆石年龄特征显著不同。科尔沁沙地的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄特征基本不受粒度分异的影响,但沙地东南部除外。本文认为,风与河流的协同作用及其由此导致的沉积分异和再循环作用解释了科尔沁沙地碎屑锆石的U-Pb年龄特征。结合区域构造演化历史,科尔沁沙地在~2.5 Ga和~1.85 Ga的U-Pb年龄峰值分别是前寒武纪华北克拉通的生长、拼合与碰撞过程中的两期构造事件的产物。此外,~1.7 Ga的锆石年龄可能是对Columbia超大陆聚合与裂解的综合响应。古生代以来的锆石年龄峰值(500~400 Ma、300~250 Ma、130~110 Ma)记录了在古亚洲洋的俯冲闭合、蒙古-鄂霍次克海俯冲碰撞和古太平洋的俯冲、回退的区域构造背景下多期区域构造-岩浆事件。

基于地貌参数的色尔腾山山前断裂相对构造活动性研究

色尔腾山山前断裂为全新世活动断裂,近年来相关研究主要包括色尔腾山山前断裂不同分段的滑动速率和古地震的探究。提取色尔腾山山前断裂区域河流地貌参数,获取区域28条河流的纵剖面、面积-高程积分与陡峭指数。结果显示,大多数河流纵剖面用指数函数拟合效果较好,指示流域大部分处于壮年期。面积-高程积分值HI位于0.35~0.66之间。12个流域HI大于0.5,处于幼年期;16个流域HI在0.3~0.5范围内,为壮年期阶段。降水和岩性对陡峭指数的影响有限,构造隆升速率是陡峭指数的主要控制因素。沿着断裂带,河段陡峭指数高值呈现增加-降低-增加-降低-低缓的趋势。整体上,色尔腾山山前断裂带构造运动相对活跃,且西部和中部大于东部,断裂带西部和断裂走向转折处构造活动性较强,与前人对构造活动性分布特征的研究结果相对一致。