EFFECT OF OXYGEN CONTENT ON NITROGEN ABSORPTIVE MECHANISM IN WELD FOR FLUX-CORED WIRE

By measuring the content of oxygen and nitrogen in welds of six kinds of self-shielded flux-cored wires,the effect of oxygen on nitrogen content in weld is studied and the different absorptive mechanisms of nitrogen at a low oxygen level([O] lower than 0.02%) and a high oxygen level ([O] higher than 0.03%) have been discovered.The results indicate that the content of nitrogen in weld can be made lowest by modifying the composition of flux and controlling the content of oxygen to the range of 0.02%～0.03%.

Effects of process parameters on the depth-to-width ratio of flux-cored wire underwater wet welding

The effects of process parameters on the depth-to-width ratio （D/W） of flux-cored wire underwater wet welding with a certain type of homemade .flux-cored wire are studied. It is found that the welding .speed, wire feeding speed and torch oscillating amplitude hare significant effects on the dopth-to-width ratio （D/W） of welds. The D/W ratio of welds increases significantly with the increase of welding speed without the oscillating of welding torch. It increased （from 0. 14 to 0. 26 ） with the increase of wire feeding speed while the torch oscillating. And it decreased linearly with the increase of torch oscillating amplitude. However, the influelwe of oscillating speed, wire extension and welding voltage on the D/W ratio of welds was not obvious.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of a martensitic steel welded with flux-cored wires

This study was focused on wear-resistant material prepared by CO2 GMAW method to basically determine the alloys and hardfacing technology which could be employed into mining equipment. Three flux-cored wires with different chemical compositions, marked by DM-I, DM-II and DM-III were used in welding a martensitic steel for the comparison of the microstructures and mechanical properties of the welding metals and HAZ. The results show that DM-I weld metal contains martensite plus other reinforced phases, while both DM-II and DM-III alloys lead to mainly martensitic microstructures with little precipitates. Among all of the tested materials the DM-I alloy has the highest hardness and wear resistance but the lowest impact toughness among the experimental weld metals. Meanwhile, the hardness, impact toughness and wear resistance of the DM-II and DM-III alloys are close to those of the base metal but the DM-III is not as strong as DM-II. Dimples can be found on the impact fracture of the weld metals, but the steel fracture consists of both cleavage and dimples. Thus HAZ has less risk for cracking than the welds, and the DM-II wire which produces the weld having identical mechanical properties to the base metal is suitable for further application.

Mechanical property of cylindrical sandwich shell with gradient core of entangled wire mesh

To explore the wide-frequency damping and vibration-attenuation performances in the application of aerospace components,the cylindrical sandwich shell structure with a gradient core of entangled wire mesh was proposed in this paper.Firstly,the gradient cores of entangled wire mesh in the axial and radial directions were prepared by using an in-house Numerical Control weaving machine,and the metallurgical connection between skin sheets and the gradient core was performed using vacuum brazing.Secondly,to investigate the mechanical properties of cylindrical sandwich shells with axial or radial gradient cores,quasi-static and dynamic mechanical experiments were carried out.The primary evaluations of mechanical properties include secant stiffness,natural frequency,Specific Energy Absorption(SEA),vibration acceleration level,and so on.The results suggest that the vibration-attenuation performance of the sandwich shell is remarkable when the high-density core layer is at the end of the shell or abuts the inner skin.The axial gradient material has almost no influence on the vibration frequencies of the shell,whereas the vibration frequencies increase dramatically when the high-density core layer approaches the skin.Moreover,compared to the conventional sandwich shells,the proposed functional grading cylindrical sandwich shell exhibits more potential in mass reduction,stiffness designing,and energy dissipation.

Research on the abrasive wear resistance of YDCrMoV coating produced by CO_2 shielded flux-cored wire surfacing

Caterpillar construction machines play an important part in many fields such as hydraulic and electric engineering, the construction of highway, for its particular of structure. The walking system of caterpillar construction machines is always under the condition of three-body abrasive wear. The abrasive wear of walking system is very severe, which always results in damages of components or structures of walking system of caterpillar construction machines. It is very important to repair the walking system by cladding technique. The abrasive wear properties of four kinds coatings produced by the shielded flux-cored wire surfacing for the repair of the damaged components of walking system of caterpillar construction machines have been studied experimentally on an MLS-23 type wet sand rubber wheel abrasive tester. The surfaces morphologies of the abrasively worn specimens and their microstructures are investigated by transmitting electron microscopy (TEM) after wear testing. Results show that the wear mechanism of cladding metals of the flux-cored wire No.1 and the No.2 is micro-cutting while that of the No.3 and the No.4 is micro-ploughing. The four kinds of flux-cored wire coatings present great potential applications for the repairing of caterpillar construction machines in the Three Gorges Engineering.

Sawing Performance Comparison of Brazed and Sintered Diamond Wires

Great attention has been paid on fabricating diamond wire by using the brazing diamond because of its strong chemical bonding strength and controllability of grits distribution. Although several serving performances of brazed diamond wire have been reported, seldom do these studies refer to its process characteristics. Sawing performances of a brazed diamond wire are investigated and compared with those of a sintered diamond wire on a wire saw machine. The surface topographies of beads selected from the two wires are micro observed before sawing. The sawing tests are carried out in constant feed rate feeding（CFF） and constant normal force feeding（CNFF）. In CFF test, sawing force, power, and the cut depths of positions on contact curve are measured. Then, coupled with the observations of beads topographies, sawing force and its ratio, relations of power against material removal rate, and contact curve linearity are compared and discussed. In CNFF test, the sawing rates of the two wires are investigated. The results indicate that the brazed wire performs with lower sawing force（less 16% of tangential force and 28% of normal force）, more energy efficiency（nearly one-fifth of sawing power is saved）, at a higher sawing rate （the rate is doubled） and with better contact curve linearity as compared with the sintered wire. This proposed research experimentally evaluates the sawing performances of brazed diamond wire from the aspect of process parameters, which can provide a basis for popularizing the brazed diamond wire.

Laser brazing with filler wire for galvanized steel sheets

The process properties and interface behavior of CO_2 laser brazing with automatic wire feed for galvanized steel sheets were investigated, in which the brazing filler metal was CuSi3 and no flux was used. As to the appearance quality of the brazing seams, the roles of the processing parameters, such as brazing speed, wire feeding rate, inclination and feeding direction of the wire, laser power, spot diameter and heating position, were assessed. The further investigation indicates that the behavior of the active elements Si, Mn and Zn are significantly influenced by energy input. At the interface, the microstructure of the base metal was composed of columnar crystals and the acicular α solid solution was found on the filler metal side.

Effect of Ti-Si-Mg-Al wire on microstructure and mechanical properties of plasma arc in-situ welded joint of SiC_p/Al composites

The influence of Ti-Si-Mg-AI wire on microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCp/A1 metal matrix composite joints produced by plasma arc in-situ weld-alloying was investigated. Argon-nitrogen mixture was used as plasma gas and Ti-Si-Mg-A1 flux-cored wires as filled composites. Weldments were submitted to tensile test. Meanwhile, the macro morphology and microstructure of the joints were examined. The result shows that the formation ofneedie-like harmful phase A14C3 is effectively inhibited and the wettability of molten pool is improved by adding Ti-Si-Mg-A1 flux-cored wires. With 15Ti-5Si-5Mg-A1 flux-cored wire as filled composite, the maximum tensile strength of the welded joint is 267 MPa, which is up to 83% that of the matrix composites under annealed condition.

送丝速度对铝/钢激光熔钎焊接头组织与性能的影响

采用ER2319焊丝进行了6061-T6铝合金/Q235镀锌钢光纤激光熔钎焊接,分析了送丝速度对接头成型、显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:当激光功率为1.2 kW,焊接速度为1.2 m/min时,送丝速度在1.2~3.0 m/min范围内均可获得有效接头。接头的抗拉强度随着送丝速度的增加呈现先上升后减小的趋势,当送丝速度为2.4 m/min时平均抗拉强度达到最大值,为116.15 MPa。当送丝速度为1.8、2.4 m/min时,接头的上下表面的金属间化合物层可控制在10μm以内,而对接界面处的金属间化合物层厚度随着送丝速度的改变变化不明显,对接界面的IMC层主要由FeAl、FeAl_(2)、Fe_(4)Al_(13)相组成。接头的断裂形式为典型的解理断裂模式,而位于润湿铺展在钢表面的铝合金处则为韧性断裂。

焊接速度对铝钢异种金属激光填丝熔钎焊性能的影响

采用不同的焊接速度对铝合金E600及汽车车身用镀锌钢板DP590D+Z进行激光填丝熔钎焊试验,焊接材料选用ER4047焊丝,分别对不同焊接速度下的焊缝成形质量、金属间化合物层厚度及力学性能进行了分析研究。结果表明:选择适当的焊接参数时,利用激光填丝熔钎焊可获得成形良好且具有一定抗拉强度的熔钎焊接头。为保证焊缝接头的性能,需控制界面处主要成分为FeAl_(2)和FeAl_(3)的金属间化合物层的厚度,随着焊接速度的提升,线能量下降,金属间化合物层厚度随之减小。综合考虑接头的线载荷及生产效率,最优焊接速度为1.5 m/min,此时线载荷约为197 N/mm,换算成铝合金强度为219 MPa,相当于母材强度的81%。

Investigation of the impact toughness of self- shielded flux- cored wire girth welds for X80 pipelines

Self-shielded flux-cored wire is a convenient and efficient consumable for pipeline field girth welding because of its self-protection characteristic and high deposition rate, especially for remote construction sites in rugged terrain. From the perspective of pipeline safety, the impact toughness of the girth welds is an important factor in pipeline integrity ,which determines the crack arrest behavior in the girth welds. Therefore, improving the girth weld impact toughness is of primary importance in the field of pipeline girth welding. Three self-shielded flux-cored wires comprising different chemical composition systems have been applied to large diameter X80 UOE （U-ing-O- ing-Expanding） pipeline semi-automatic girth welding,and the impact toughness of the welds has been evaluated by girth weld chemical composition analysis and microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS） to investigate pipeline girth weld impact toughness and find ways to improve it. This helps in determining the main factors that influence girth weld impact toughness. Pipeline girth weld impact toughness is mainly determined by the final microstructure produced in the solid-state phase transition. In the as-weld state,acicular ferrite （AF） and fine bainite （FB） are a benefit to the impact toughness. For multilayer semiautomatic self-shielded flux-cored wire welding, the normalizing and tempering function of the latter beads to the initial beads plays an important role in the transition of girth weld microstructure, which affects the impact toughness. The original AF and FB and the corresponding heat treatment microstructure of the fine and uniform block ferrite and pearlite result in very good impact toughness. The following two mechanisms are found to promote the production of AF and FB in the girth weld. First, elements promoting the broadening of the austenitic region, such as Ni, C, Cu, and Mn, induce low temperature phase transitions and restrain the opposing function of Al, which is a benefit to the production of AF and FB. Second, dispersed high-melting-point inclusions, especially Al2O3 ,induce the nucleated production of AF. The advantageous function of inclusions is determined by their shape, distribution, and dimension. Dispersed spherical inclusions of small dimension are a benefit to the production of AF, and result in good impact toughness.

烧蚀作用下石墨焊接池与电极接触行为研究

通过测试分析不同石墨焊接池表面形貌、烧蚀率等性能,提出石墨焊接池均匀退化烧蚀特征,建立以线烧蚀系数为表征的烧蚀状态下动态接触电阻模型。且通过实验验证分析了15 N夹持力作用下,石墨表面烧蚀作用对接触电阻的影响。结果表明:石墨焊接池在直径方向的烧蚀速率较大,石墨表面烧蚀作用使得界面接触电阻呈缓慢增加趋势,普通石墨的烧蚀对界面接触电阻的影响相较于精细石墨的作用更加明显,并且模型的计算值与实测值基本一致,误差在合理范围内,保证了模型建立的合理性和准确性。

牵引电机电磁引线接头应变疲劳测试装置及方法

针对牵引电机定子电磁引线钎焊接头疲劳寿命不方便评价的问题,设计了一种应变疲劳简易测试装置,用以代替生产现场手工弯折方式的测试方法。本装置可以根据需要设定弯折时塑性变形的幅度即角变形量,并且通过机械限制方式控制每次的变形量都一致,从而保证测试结果的一致性和可比性。通过某型电机定子电磁引线电阻钎焊接头的实际测试表明,所设计的简易装置及测试方法简便易行,经济实用。

A New Type of Submerged-Arc Flux-Cored Wire Used for Hardfacing Continuous Casting Rolls

It is expected that the welding hardfacing of continuous casting rolls has better welding performance and higher wear resistance. A new type of submerged-arc hardfacing flux-cored wire has been developed through nitrogen replacing part of carbon and addition of the nitrogen-fixing elements of niobium and titanium. And microstructure, degree of hardness and high-temperature wear resistance of its deposited metal samples were also investigated. It is found that the microstructure is martensite, residual austenite and carbonitride precipitates. As a result, the hardfacing metal with homogeneous distribution of very fine carbonitride particles had high hardness and excellent wear-re- sisting property during high-temperature wear, which could significantly extend the service life of continuous casting rolls.

汽车顶盖激光焊缝打磨系统的设计与应用

针对汽车顶盖激光填丝钎焊的焊缝表面存在鱼鳞纹、锯齿边等缺陷,提出一种基于自适应接触法兰、电主轴和机器人的打磨系统。通过固定在机器人末端的自适应接触法兰使打磨片以恒定压力压紧焊缝,电主轴带动打磨片高速旋转,高速旋转的打磨片磨削焊缝。介绍了该系统的硬件组成、通信架构以及打磨流程,并分析了接触法兰压力、电主轴旋转方向及转速和打磨姿势对打磨品质的影响规律。

金刚石串珠绳锯制备技术和应用进展

金刚石串珠绳锯已经在石材切割加工、采矿和采石业、金属切割、建筑工程等领域得到了广泛的应用。在制备技术方面,随着技术的不断发展,新工艺和新方法开始应用于制作金刚石串珠;在综合应用方面,智能监测,机器人自动化等技术也应用到金刚石串珠绳锯切割场景中;在应用领域方面,金刚石串珠绳锯开始应用到盐溶矿开采、纯钢切割、核电、应急救援等新领域。该文综述了金刚石串珠绳锯的制备、理论研究和应用领域的最新研究进展,旨在提高金刚石串珠绳锯的切割技术,进一步扩展金刚石串珠绳锯的应用范围,为金刚石串珠绳锯的进一步研究提供参考。

Influence of Granularity and Content of Tungsten Carbide by Surfacing with Flux-cored Wire on Structure and Wear Resistance

The wire was made with foundry tungsten carbide particles as core. Iron-based tungsten carbide wearable composite coatings of different granularity and content on mild steel were prepared by the method of MIG welding. Microstructure of the welded coating was investigated. Surface hardness and wear resistance to rubber wheel were tested. The results indicate that the small particles dissolved more, which separate out with net on crystal boundary. As a result the hardness and wear resistance of that matrix are relative higher. The big particles dissolved less and tree crystal separates out along particles. The gaps of particles are big and the particles tend to fall off when the coating is worn. So the hardness and wear resistance of the matrix are relative lower. The admixture with 80% big particles and 20% small particles has the best wear resistance and its wear resistance is quintupling of that of quenched 45 steel. With particles content up to 50wt%, the hardness and wear resistance increase.

堆容器铠装线接口感应钎焊密封方法研究

针对我国钠冷快中子反应堆使用的应力、应变和温度测量装置铠装线在堆容器引出接口处的焊接密封问题,通过感应钎焊对不锈钢母材的铠装线引出接头的钎焊密封方法进行研究试验,证明钎焊铠装线密封接头的性能能够达到设计要求。

钎焊过程原位合成Al-Si-Cu合金及接头性能

Al-Si-Cu基钎料熔点低、强度高,非常适用于铝合金的钎焊。但位于三元共晶成分点附近的Al-Si-Cu合金由于含有大量的CuAl2脆性金属间化合物,无法采用常规塑性加工方法成形,因此限制了其使用范围。为克服上述不足,设计一种使用AlSi-CuAl复合焊丝在钎焊过程中原位合成Al-Si-Cu钎料的方法,并对其钎焊接头组织与性能进行研究。结果表明:采用的复合焊丝外层为AlSi合金,内层为CuAl合金粉,两者熔点接近。复合钎料的加工性能远优于同成分的Al-Si-Cu钎料。使用复合焊丝感应钎焊3A21铝合金,钎焊过程中两种合金几乎同时熔化,经瞬间保温后可充分熔合并形成Al-Si-Cu钎料,获得成分均匀、界面结合良好的钎缝,钎焊接头抗剪强度高于采用常规Al-Si-Cu钎料钎焊的接头抗剪强度。

金刚石串珠绳锯技术的研究

简要回顾了金刚石串珠绳锯技术的发展历程,详细介绍了金刚石串珠绳锯的制造及应用,分析了金刚石串珠绳锯研究的现状和亟待解决的问题,并对今后的发展趋势和研究重点进行了展望。