To simplify the mechanical structure, decrease the overall system size of the 3-degree freedom axial-radial magnetic bearings and reduce the manufacturing costs as well as operating costs, an innovated AC-DC 3-degree ...To simplify the mechanical structure, decrease the overall system size of the 3-degree freedom axial-radial magnetic bearings and reduce the manufacturing costs as well as operating costs, an innovated AC-DC 3-degree freedom hybrid magnetic bearing is proposed, which is driven by a DC amplifier in axial direction and a 3-phase power converter in radial directions respectively, and the axial and radial bias magnetic fluxes are provided with a common radial polarized permanent magnet ring. The principle producing magnetic suspension forces is introduced. By using equivalent magnetic circuit method, the calculation formulas of magnetic suspension forces and the mathematics models of the system are deduced. Nonlinearities of suspension forces and cross coupling between different degree freedoms are studied further by calculating the suspension forces at different displacements and control currents to validate the feasibility of the mathematics model. Then based on the mathematics models of the bearing, a control method of this novel bearing is designed. Lastly, the methods on parameter design and calculations of the bearing are presented, and an applicable prototype is simulated to analyze the magnetic path by using finite element analysis. The theory analysis and simulation results have shown that this magnetic bearing incorporates the merits of 3-phase AC drive, permanent magnet flux biased and axial-radial combined control, and reduces overall system size and has higher efficiency and lower cost, This innovated magnetic bearing has a wide application in super-speed and super-precision numerical control machine tools, bearingless motors, high-speed flywheels, satellites, etc.展开更多
Material properties are obvious different between aluminum matrix composites and iron and steel materials. After the brake disk braked at the same speed, the average temperature of the aluminum brake disk is 1.5 times...Material properties are obvious different between aluminum matrix composites and iron and steel materials. After the brake disk braked at the same speed, the average temperature of the aluminum brake disk is 1.5 times as high as one of iron and steel brake disk, the thermal expansion value of the aluminum brake disk is 2 times as big as one of iron and steel brake disk. Mechanical property of the material decreases with the temperature increasing generally during braking, on the other hand, the big thermal stress in the brake disk happens because the material expansion is constrained. Firstly, the reasons of the thermal stress generation and the fracture failure of brake disks during braking are analyzed qualitatively by virtue of three-bar stress frame and sandwich deformation principles in physic, and then the five constraints which cause the thermal stress are summarized. On the base of the experimental results on the 1：1 emergency brake test, the thermal stress and temperature fields are simulated; The behavior of the fracture failure is interpreted semi-quantitatively by finite element analysis, There is the coincident forecast for the fraction position in term of the two methods. In the end, in the light of the analysis and calculation results, it is the general principles observed by the structure design and assembly of the brake disk that are summarized.展开更多
The horizontal flux of biogenic elements through PN section in April 1994 was calculated in the present paper using output of the OPYC model, which is a very general global model solving the full primitive equations f...The horizontal flux of biogenic elements through PN section in April 1994 was calculated in the present paper using output of the OPYC model, which is a very general global model solving the full primitive equations forced by the atmospheric wind stress, observed heat flux, freshwater flux and cloudiness including a sea ice model both poles with rheology. However, since it is a global model, its resolution is rather coarse, less than 1°×1° horizontally and only 1 layer on continental shelf and 7 layers in the Okinawa Trough. We reconstructed the velocity profiles by ocean current modes evaluated from the hydrographic data along PN section and then used it to determine the flux of biogenic elements with the data collected during the Japanese cruise K94-04. The results shown that the volume transport was about 33×10 12 cm 3/s consistent with the OPYC model output, the maximum nitrate and phosphate flux densities were right on the shelf margin at the depth of about 300 m with the total fluxes 1.95×10 5 and 0.15×10 5 mol/s, respectively, the maximum dissolved oxygen and total carbon dioxide flux densities were on the surface layer near western side of the shelf margin and in the thermocline near the eastern side of the shelf margin with the total fluxes 1.43×10 8 L/s and 0.69×10 8 mol/s,respectively, through PN section in April 1994.展开更多
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50575099).
文摘To simplify the mechanical structure, decrease the overall system size of the 3-degree freedom axial-radial magnetic bearings and reduce the manufacturing costs as well as operating costs, an innovated AC-DC 3-degree freedom hybrid magnetic bearing is proposed, which is driven by a DC amplifier in axial direction and a 3-phase power converter in radial directions respectively, and the axial and radial bias magnetic fluxes are provided with a common radial polarized permanent magnet ring. The principle producing magnetic suspension forces is introduced. By using equivalent magnetic circuit method, the calculation formulas of magnetic suspension forces and the mathematics models of the system are deduced. Nonlinearities of suspension forces and cross coupling between different degree freedoms are studied further by calculating the suspension forces at different displacements and control currents to validate the feasibility of the mathematics model. Then based on the mathematics models of the bearing, a control method of this novel bearing is designed. Lastly, the methods on parameter design and calculations of the bearing are presented, and an applicable prototype is simulated to analyze the magnetic path by using finite element analysis. The theory analysis and simulation results have shown that this magnetic bearing incorporates the merits of 3-phase AC drive, permanent magnet flux biased and axial-radial combined control, and reduces overall system size and has higher efficiency and lower cost, This innovated magnetic bearing has a wide application in super-speed and super-precision numerical control machine tools, bearingless motors, high-speed flywheels, satellites, etc.
基金This project is supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,No.2003AA331190).
文摘Material properties are obvious different between aluminum matrix composites and iron and steel materials. After the brake disk braked at the same speed, the average temperature of the aluminum brake disk is 1.5 times as high as one of iron and steel brake disk, the thermal expansion value of the aluminum brake disk is 2 times as big as one of iron and steel brake disk. Mechanical property of the material decreases with the temperature increasing generally during braking, on the other hand, the big thermal stress in the brake disk happens because the material expansion is constrained. Firstly, the reasons of the thermal stress generation and the fracture failure of brake disks during braking are analyzed qualitatively by virtue of three-bar stress frame and sandwich deformation principles in physic, and then the five constraints which cause the thermal stress are summarized. On the base of the experimental results on the 1：1 emergency brake test, the thermal stress and temperature fields are simulated; The behavior of the fracture failure is interpreted semi-quantitatively by finite element analysis, There is the coincident forecast for the fraction position in term of the two methods. In the end, in the light of the analysis and calculation results, it is the general principles observed by the structure design and assembly of the brake disk that are summarized.
文摘The horizontal flux of biogenic elements through PN section in April 1994 was calculated in the present paper using output of the OPYC model, which is a very general global model solving the full primitive equations forced by the atmospheric wind stress, observed heat flux, freshwater flux and cloudiness including a sea ice model both poles with rheology. However, since it is a global model, its resolution is rather coarse, less than 1°×1° horizontally and only 1 layer on continental shelf and 7 layers in the Okinawa Trough. We reconstructed the velocity profiles by ocean current modes evaluated from the hydrographic data along PN section and then used it to determine the flux of biogenic elements with the data collected during the Japanese cruise K94-04. The results shown that the volume transport was about 33×10 12 cm 3/s consistent with the OPYC model output, the maximum nitrate and phosphate flux densities were right on the shelf margin at the depth of about 300 m with the total fluxes 1.95×10 5 and 0.15×10 5 mol/s, respectively, the maximum dissolved oxygen and total carbon dioxide flux densities were on the surface layer near western side of the shelf margin and in the thermocline near the eastern side of the shelf margin with the total fluxes 1.43×10 8 L/s and 0.69×10 8 mol/s,respectively, through PN section in April 1994.
