Fly Ash-based Geopolymers:Effect of Slag Addition on Efflorescence

Blended fly ash/blast-furnace slag geopolymers are focused on due to their excellent mechanical and chemical resistant properties. We investigated the effect of slag partial substitution for fly ash on the efflorescence of the resulting geopolymers. The efflorescence of geopolymer binders was inspected and evaluated through leaching tests. The efflorescence deposits on surface of the geopolymer binders were analyzed using XRD and SEM-EDS. The results showed that sodium and calcium cations leached from geopolymer binders reacted with the atmospheric CO2 and formed the crystal deposits, gaylussite and calcite, in the forms of granular and angular crystal particles. The slag addition led to a refinement of the pore structure of fly ash-based geopolymers, but an increment in the concentration of alkali leaching. The crystal deposits gradually developed in the pore volume of the binders, and finally exceeded the capacity of pore volume. The extent of efflorescence on the surface of specimens increased with the slag substitution. The visible efflorescence is therefore a result of available alkalis and pore sizes and volumes. Higher concentration of available alkalis and smaller pores （and volume） will lead to more intensive efflorescence.

Cleaner geopolymer prepared by co-activation of gasification coal fly ash and steel slag:durability properties and economic assessment

Geopolymer is a material with high early strength.However,the insufficient durability properties,such as long-term strength,acid-base resistance,freeze-thaw resistance,leaching toxicity,thermal stability,sulfate resistance and carbonation resistance,restrain its practical application.Herein,a longterm stable geopolymer composite with high final strength(ASK1)was synthesized from shell coal gasification fly ash(SFA)and steel slag(SS).Additionally,a geopolymer composite with high early strength(ASK2)was also synthesized for comparison.The results showed that ASK1 exhibited better performance on freezing-thawing resistance,carbonization resistance and heavy metals stabilization compared to the ASK2 at long-term curing.Raising the curing temperature could accelerate the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)development at initial curing ages of 3 to 7 d.Both ASK1 and ASK2 exhibited excellent acid-base and sulfate corrosion resistance.An increase for UCS was seen under KOH solution and MgSO_(4)solution corrosion for ASK1.All leaching concentrations of heavy metals out of the two geopolymers were below the standard threshold,even after 50 freezingthawing cycles.Both ASK1 and ASK2 geopolymer concrete exhibited higher sustainability and economic efficiency than Portland cement concrete.The result of this study not only provides a suitable way for the utilization of industrial solid waste in civil and environmental engineering,but also opens a new approach to improve the long-term stabilities of the geopolymers.

地聚物混凝土干燥收缩性能及活性氧化镁补偿收缩研究

制备粉煤灰-矿渣基地聚物混凝土,并进行地聚物混凝土28 d抗压强度和干燥收缩测试,探究分析活性氧化镁含量、水玻璃模数、碱当量和矿渣含量对其抗压强度和干燥收缩的影响机理。结果表明:随着活性氧化镁掺量增大,地聚物混凝土28 d抗压强度下降,干燥收缩变形显著减小;与0%(质量分数,下同)活性氧化镁混凝土相比,掺量为3%、6%和9%时混凝土28 d抗压强度分别下降8.0%、8.2%和18.2%,干燥收缩分别减小21.5%、26.4%和38.2%,此外,当活性氧化镁掺量为3%和6%时,不仅有效补偿了干燥收缩,且抗压强度损失较小;随着水玻璃模数升高,地聚物混凝土28 d抗压强度和干燥收缩变形增大;随着碱当量升高,地聚物混凝土28 d抗压强度下降、干燥收缩变形增大;随着矿渣含量增加,地聚物混凝土28 d抗压强度增大、干燥收缩变形减小。综合考虑抗压强度及收缩的要求,建议实际应用中选择高活性、大掺量氧化镁,掺量宜控制在3%~6%。

Mechanical properties of gangue-containing aluminosilicate based cementitious materials

High performance aluminosilicate based cementitious materials were produced using calcined gangue as one of the major raw materials. The gangue was calcined at 500℃. The main constituent was calcined gangue, fly ash and slag, while alkali-silicate solutions were used as the diagenetic agent. The structure of gangue-containing aluminosilicate based cementitious materials was studied by the methods of IR, NMR and SEM. The results show that the mechanical properties are affected by the mass ratio between the gangue, slag and fly ash, the kind of activator and additional salt. For 28-day curing time, the compressive strength of the sample with a mass proportion of 2：1：1 （gangue： slag： fly ash） is 58.9 MPa, while the compressive strength of the sample containing 80wt% gangue can still be up to 52.3 MPa. The larger K^＋ favors the formation of large silicate oligomers with which AI（OH）4- prefers to bind. Therefore, in Na-K compounding activator solutions more oligomers exist which result in a stronger compressive strength of aluminosilicate-based cementitious materials than in the case of Na-containing activator. The reasons for this were found through IR and NMR analysis. Glauber＇s salt reduces the 3-day compressive strength of the paste, but increases its 7-day and 28-day compressive strengths.

The Impact of Marine Water on Different Types of Coarse Aggregate of Geopolymer Concrete

This research studies the impact of different types of coarse aggregate on the behavior of geopolymer concrete based on both fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in different marine environments. Aiming to solve the problems caused by the construction and demolition waste and the depletion of natural aggregates, in the present study coarse recycled aggregates is used to produce new green concrete with a fly ash-slag based geopolymer. By this examination, the research seeks to improve the quality and productivity of concrete used in construction and hydraulic projects. For this research, four mixtures containing different types of coarse aggregate in two different water environments were used. The utilized mixtures contained natural aggregate concrete (NAC) such as basalt and crushed marble. Also, recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RAC), which totally replaced natural aggregate, was presented in this paper such as crushed concrete and crushed ceramic. For this study, in the sieve analysis;specific and unit weights, was recorded. Furthermore, the mechanical properties were determined, using a compressive test that was conducted on the 7th, 28th, 56th and 90th days at different water environments;potable water (PW) and sea water (SW). Durability test was also performed for total absorption measurement. Results indicated that geopolymer concrete exhibits better strength in marine environments than in those of potable water. Results also showed that crushed marble (CMA) exhibits higher compressive strength and durability.

矿渣掺量对热养护粉煤灰基地聚物收缩和抗压强度的影响及机理分析

本文通过数字图像相关(DIC)方法研究了0%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%六种矿渣掺量(质量分数,下同)对粉煤灰基地聚物(FAGP)混凝土热养护过程中收缩的影响,测试了热养护后混凝土和净浆的抗压强度,并且结合同步热分析(TGA-DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对微观机理进行了分析。结果表明:随着矿渣掺量的增加,FAGP的收缩量和收缩速率均先减小后增大,抗压强度先增大后减小,水化程度增大,微裂缝数量增加;当矿渣掺量为40%时,FAGP混凝土的收缩量最小,抗压强度最大;当矿渣掺量较低时,地聚物水化程度小,微裂缝少,地聚物收缩的主要原因是热养护初期的弹性模量较低;当矿渣掺量较高时,地聚物水化程度大,微裂缝较多,地聚物收缩主要由较强烈的化学反应引起。

沥青及聚丙烯纤维增韧粉煤灰-矿渣基地质聚合物的制备

本文采用双掺沥青和聚丙烯纤维对碱激发粉煤灰-矿渣基地质聚合物进行了强化增韧研究。结果表明当沥青及聚丙烯纤维掺量分别为1wt%和0.6wt%时,地质聚合物28 d龄期表现出9.7 MPa的最高抗折强度。XRD物相分析结果表明,双掺沥青和聚丙烯纤维对该地质聚合物的物相结构没有造成影响。SEM结合断裂韧度计算结果发现纤维与地质聚合物基体结合紧密,纤维的拔出长度较长,表明聚丙烯纤维可以提高试件的断裂韧度,达到增韧效果。

粉煤灰-锰渣基地质聚合物原位水热法转化NaP型分子筛的工艺研究

以粉煤灰-锰渣基地质聚合物为前驱体,经水热合成法原位转化为NaP型沸石分子筛。利用单因素试验,探索硅铝比、锰渣掺量、碱浓度、水热时间和水热温度对沸石分子筛的抗压强度及钙离子交换能力的影响,得到了制备沸石分子筛的适宜条件为:硅铝比3. 8、锰渣掺量40wt%、碱浓度3. 0 mol·L^(-1)、水热温度70℃、水热时间24 h。利用XRD、SEM、FT-IR和TG-DSC等手段对产物进行分析,结果发现制备的NaP型沸石分子筛结晶度高,呈钻石状,热稳定性较好,抗压强度为25. 84 MPa,钙离子交换量达351. 25 mg CaCO_3/g。

硅灰对粉煤灰-矿渣基地聚物性能的影响

研究了硅灰掺量对粉煤灰-矿渣基地聚物力学性能、抗冲蚀磨损性能和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响,并通过SEM进行了微观形貌分析。结果表明,当硅灰掺量为6%时,地聚物的抗压强度、抗折强度、抗冲蚀磨损性能、抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能均达到最佳。经28 d标准养护后,硅灰掺量为6%的试样与空白对照组相比,抗压和抗折强度分别提高了18.3%、12.5%,冲蚀率降低了51.2%,硫酸盐侵蚀造成的质量损失减小了26.1%。SEM分析表明,硅灰颗粒具有填充作用,提高了试样的致密度。

用于稳定尾渣路基填料的飞灰地聚合物制备与性能研究

为大规模消纳生活垃圾焚烧灰渣,采用飞灰为原材料制备地聚合物,并论证地聚合物代替水泥用于稳定尾渣路基填料的可行性。首先,以基础材料(飞灰和偏高岭土)和碱激发剂(NaOH和Na_(2)SiO_(3))为原材料,改变A(SiO_(2)与Al_(2)O_(3)的质量比)、B(Na_(2)O与SiO_(2)的质量比)和C(水与基础材料的质量比)3个参数,采用正交试验设计了16种地聚合物配比,并基于抗压强度和重金属浸出浓度确定其最佳配比;其次,研究了陈化时间、搅拌时间和固化温度对地聚合物抗压强度的影响,并采用微观测试考察了飞灰地聚合物的化学组成、官能团以及表面微观结构;最后,测试飞灰地聚合物稳定尾渣的加州承载比(CBR)和有害重金属浸出浓度。研究结果表明:飞灰地聚合物的最佳配合比为A=7.0、B=0.82、C=0.66,最佳配合比下的飞灰地聚合物3 d和28 d抗压强度分别为14.54、15.78 MPa;制备地聚合物时,陈化时间宜为3 h、搅拌时间宜为1 min、固化温度宜为60℃;反应生成的C—S—H、N—A—S—H、钙矾石(AFt)以及CaCO_(3)等互相搭接形成三维网状结构,是地聚合物强度形成的主要原因;有害重金属通过物理吸附和化学键合的双重作用被固封在网状结构中;地聚合物稳定尾渣的CBR满足高等级公路技术要求,当聚合物掺量为6%和12%时,地聚合物稳定尾渣的有害重金属浸出浓度分别满足Ⅳ类和Ⅲ类地下水质量标准。