Hydration mechanism of low quality fly ash in cement-based materials

The hydration mechanism of low quality fly ash in cement-based materials was investigated. The hydration heat of the composite cementitious materials was determined by isothermal calorimetry, and the hydration products, quantity, pore structure and morphology were measured by X-ray diffraction(XRD), thermalgravity-differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA), mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), respectively. The results indicate that grinding could not only improve the physical properties of the low quality fly ash on particle effect, but also improve hydration properties of the cementitious system from various aspects compared with raw low quality fly ash(RLFA). At the early stage of hydration, the low quanlity fly ash acts as almost inert material; but then at the later stage, high chemical activity, especially for ground low quality fly ash(GLFA), could be observed. It can accelerate the formation of hydration products containing more chemical bonded water, resulting in higher degree of cement hydration, thus denser microstructure and more reasonable pore size distribution, but the hydration heat in total is reduced. It can also delay the induction period, but the accelerating period is shortened and there is little influence on the second exothermic peak.

Influence of ultra-fine fly ash on hydration shrinkage of cement paste

Hydration shrinkage generated by cement hydration is the cause of autogenous shrinkage of high strength concrete. It may result in the volume change and even cracking of mortar and concrete. According to the data analysis in a series of experimental studies, the influence of ultra-fine fly ash on the hydration shrinkage of composite cementitious materials was investigated. It is found that ultra-fine fly ash can reduce the hydration shrinkage of cement paste effectively, and the more the ultra-fine fly ash, the less the hydration shrinkage. Compared with cement paste without the ultra-fine fly ash, the shrinkage ratio of cement paste reduces from 23.4% to 39.7% when the ultra-fine fly ash replaces cement from 20% to 50%. Moreover, the microscopic mechanism of the ultra-fine fly ash restraining the hydration shrinkage was also studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and hydrated equations. The results show that the hydration shrinkage can be restrained to a certain degree because the ultra-fine fly ash does not participate in the hydration at the early stage and the secondary hydration products are different at the later stage.

Effect of Fly Ash on TSA Resistance of Cement-based Material

Thaumasite form of sulfate attack(TSA)is a major concern in evaluating durability of concrete structures subjected to sulfate and carbonate ions.By means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and energy dispersive spectrum(EDS) as well as Raman spectra of erosion substances,effect of fly ash on TSA resistance of Portland cement-based material were investigated.Immersed in magnesium sulfate solution with 33 800 ppm mass concentration of SO 4 2-at 5±2℃for 15 weeks,ratio of compressive strength loss decreased as binder replacement ratio of fly ash increased.Furthermore,when binder replacement of fly ash was 60%,compressive strength increased.When thaumasite came into being in samples with 0,15%binder replacement ratio of fly ash,ettringite and gypsum appeared in those with 30%,45%,60%binder replacement ratio of fly ash.Results mentioned above showed that fly ash can restrain formation of thaumasite and improve TSA resistance of Portland cement-based material sufficiently.

Applied technique of the cemented fill with fly ash and fine-sands

Traditional stabilization of backfilling material is done by using Portland cement. However, the high price of cement forced mining engineer s to seek cheaper binding materials. Fly ash, which is the indus- trial wast e from thermal power plant, possess the potential activity of jellification, and can b e used in cemented fill as a partial substitute for cement to reduce the fill co s t. Tests were done during the past few years in Xinqiao Pyrite Mine and Phoenix Copper Mine to determine the technology parameters and the suitable content of f ly ash. Specimens with different cement/fly/ash tailings (sands) ratios were tes ted to obtain the strength values of the fill mass based on the analyses of both the chemical composition and physical and mechanical properties of fly ash . The compressive strength of specimens with a ratio of 1∶2∶8 (cement to fly ash to tailings ) can reach 2 MPa after 90 d curing, totally meeting the requiremen t of artificial pillar and reducing the fill cost by 20%-30%.

Influence of fly ash fineness and shape on the porosity and permeability of blended cement pastes

The effects of the fineness and shape of fly ash on the porosity and air permeability of cement pastes were investigated. Pulverized coal combustion (PCC) fly ash and fluidized bed coal combustion (FBC) fly ash classified into three different finenesses were used. River sand with particle size distribution similar to that of fly ash was also used for comparison. Portland cement was replaced with fly ash and ground sand at the dosages of 0, 20wt%, and 40wt%. A water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of 0.35 was used throughout the experiment. The results show that the porosity and air permeability of the pastes are influenced by the shape, fineness, and replacement level of fly ash. The porosity and air permeability of FBC fly ash pastes are higher than those of PCC fly ash pastes. This is due to the higher irregular shape and surface of FBC fly ash compared to the spherical shape and relatively smooth surface of PCC fly ash. The porosity increases with the increase in fly ash replacement level and decreases with the increase in its fineness. The permeability of PCC fly ash pastes decreases with the increase in replacement level and fineness, while for FBC fly ash, the permeability increases with the increase in replacement level. Decreases in porosity and permeability are due to a combined effect of the packing of fine particles and the reaction of fly ash.

Properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer pastes with Portland cement as an additive

The effect of Portland cement(OPC) addition on the properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer pastes was investigated in the paper.OPC partially replaced fly ash(FA) at the dosages of 0,5%,10%,and 15% by mass of binder.Sodium silicate(Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide(NaOH) solutions were used as the liquid portion in the mixture:NaOH 10 mol/L,Na2SiO3/NaOH with a mass ratio of 2.0,and alkaline liquid/binder(L/B) with a mass ratio of 0.6.The curing at 60 C for 24 h was used to accelerate the geopolymerization.The setting time of all fresh pastes,porosity,and compressive strength of the pastes at the stages of 1,7,28,and 90 d were tested.The elastic modulus and strain capacity of the pastes at the stage of 7 d were determined.It is revealed that the use of OPC as an additive to replace part of FA results in the decreases in the setting time,porosity,and strain capacity of the paste specimens,while the compressive strength and elastic modulus seem to increase.

Influence of Fly Ash and Silica Fume on Water-resistant Property of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement

By incorporation of fly ash or silica fume into magnesium oxychloride (MOC) cement, a high water resistance material can be formed for successful industrial applications. The influences of fly ash and silica fume on water-resistant property were investigated by SEM and EDS. It is found that the incorporation of fly ash or silica fume can improve the water-resistance of the MOC. The improvement of the water resistance of the MOC incorporated with fly ash or silica fume may be attributed to the alumino-silicate 5·1·8 gel or silicate 5·1·8 gel.

Effect of Corrosive Solutions on C-S-H Microstructure in Portland Cement Paste with Fly Ash

By means of ^(29)Si and ^(27)Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance(MAS NMR) combined with deconvolution technique, X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) as well as energy dispersive X-ray system(EDX), the effect of 5 wt% corrosive solutions( viz. 5 wt% Na_2SO_4, MgSO_4, Na_2SO_^(4+)Na Cl and Na_2SO_^(4+)Na Cl+Na_2CO_3) on C-S-H microstructure in portland cement containing 30 wt% fly ash was investigated.The results show that, in MgSO_4 solution, Mg2+ promotes the decalcification of C-S-H by SO_4^(2-),increasing silicate tetrahedra polymerization and mean chain length(MCL) of C-S-H. However, the substituting degree of Al^(3+) for Si^(4+)(Al[4]/Si) in the paste does not change evidently. Effect of Na_2SO_4 solution on C-S-H is not significantly influenced by Na Cl solution, while the MCL and Al[4]/Si of C-S-H in fly ashcement paste slightly change. However, the decalcification of C-S-H by SO_4^(2-) and CO_3^(2-) attack, as well as the activation of fly ash by SO_4^(2-) attack will increase the MCL and Al[4]/Si, which are both higher than that under Na_2SO_4 corrosion, MgSO_4 or Na_2SO_4 +Na Cl coordination corrosion.

The Cement Solidification of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash

The chemical composition,the content and the leachability of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash were tested and analyzed. It is shown that the leachability of Pb and Cr exceeds the leaching toxicity standard,and so the MSWI fly ash is considered as hazardous waste and must be solidified. The effect of solidifying the MSWI fly ash by cement was studied, and it is indicated that the heavy metals can be well immobilized if the mass fraction of the fly ash is appropriate. The heavy metals were immobilized within cement hydration products through either physical fixation,substitution, deposition or adsorption mechanisms.

Cement-fly Ash Stabilization of Cold In-place Recycled (CIR) Asphalt Pavement Mixtures for Road Bases or Subbases

For lack of laboratory and field performance data on stabilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregate and stabilized soil (S) for road bases and subbases construction, the influences of RAP/S ratio, cement and fly ash content, modifying agent (MA) on the compact, unconfined compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and water stability of the CIR mixtures were investigated. The experimental results showed that the maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content of the mixture changed significantly with the RAP/S ratio and cement-fly ash content. Unconfined compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and water stability were improved significantly by the addition of MA, and the water stability was improved by nearly 20% on average. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images indicated that MA accelerated the hydration of cement-fly ash system. Needle-like AFt and fibrous C-S-H gel were observed in the mixtures, which resulted in the cementation effect among the CIR mixture particles and a more compact microstructure. All these could be the cause of high strength of the CIR mixtures with MA.

Effect of Nano Silica on Hydration and Microstructure Characteristics of Cement High Volume Fly Ash System Under Steam Curing

The influences of nano silica (NS) on the hydration and microstructure development of steam cured cement high volume fly ash (40 wt%, CHVFA) system were investigated. The compressive strength of mortars was tested with different NS dosage from 0 to 4%. Results show that the compressive strength is dramatically improved with the increase of NS content up to 3%, and decreases with further increase of NS content (e g, at 4%). Then X?ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry (DSCTG), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to analyze the mechanism. The results reveal that the addition of NS accelerates the hydration of cement and fly ash, decreases the porosity and the content of calcium hydroxide (CH) and increases the polymerization degree of C-S-H thus enhancing the compressive strength of mortars. The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of CHVFA mortars is also significantly improved by the addition ofNS, embodying in the decrease of Ca/Si ratio and CH enrichment of ITZ.

Properties and Mechanism of CFBC Fly Ash-cement based Stabilizers for Lake Sludge

Circulating fluidized bed combustion(CFBC) fly ash was mixed with cement or lime at a different ratio as a stabilizer to stabilize lake sludge.In order to understand the influences of stabilizers on the lake sludge properties,tests unconfined compressive strength,water stability and SEM observation were performed.The experimental results show that with the increase of the curing time,the strength of all the stabilized specimens increase,especially the samples containing cement.The strength of the specimens is decreased with the increasing of the CFBC fly ash/cement ratio,the optimum ratio between CFBC fly ash and cement is 2:3.The water stability of CFBC fly ash-cement based stabilizers is higher than those of cement and lime.Moreover,the lake sludge stabilization mechanism of CFBC fly ash-cement based stabilizers includes gelation and filling of the hydration products,i e,C-S-H gel and the AFt crystal,which act as benders to solidify those particles together and fill in the packing void of the aggregates.

Modeling and Simulation of Wood and Fly Ash Behaviour as Partial Replacement for Cement on Flexural Strength of Self Compacting Concrete

Flexural strength was monitored and predicted on the application improving concrete strength with wood and fly as partial replacement for cement.The study observed the pressure from the constituent of these locally sourced material that has been observed from the study to influence the flexural strength through the effect from this locally sourced addictives.The study monitors concrete porosity on heterogeneity as it reflect on the flexural strength of self compacting concrete.Other condition considered was the compaction and placement of concrete.These effects were monitored at constant water cement ratio from design mix.The behaviour from this effects on the concrete observed the rate of flexural growth under the influences of these stated conditions.The simulation expressed the reactions of these effects through these parameters monitored to influence the system.Numerical simulations were also applied to the optimum curing age of twenty eight days,while analytical simulation was also applied.This concept is the conventional seven days interval that concrete curing were observed,these are improvement done on the study carried out by experts[16].These locally sourced material were experimentally applied.The simulation predictive values are at the interval of seven days of curing,which was also simulated.The predictive values were compared with the experimental values of the researchers[16],and both values developed best fits correlations.The study is imperative because the system considered the parameters used on experimental and observed other influential variables that were not examined.These were not observed in the experimental procedure.Experts in concrete engineering will definitely find these concept a better option in monitoring flexural strength of self compacting concrete in general.

Shrinkage and Expansive Strain of Concrete with Fly Ash and Expansive Agent

The effects of fly ash and MgO-type expansive agent on the shrinkage and expan-sive strain of concrete with high magnesia cement were investigated. The results show that high volumes of fly ash may reduce the shrinkage strain of concrete and inhibit the expansive strain of concrete with MgO-type expansive agent, but can not eliminate the shrinkage of concrete. MgO-type expansive agent may produce expansive strain and compensate the shrinkage strain of concrete, re-lieve the cracking risk, but the hydration product of magnesia tends to get together in paste and pro-duce expansive cracking of concrete with high magnesia content according to SEM observation.

Sustainable Fly Ash Based Roof Tiles with Waste Polythene Fibre: An Experimental Study

The compressive stress-strain behavior and other characteristics of treated fly ash based roof tiles have been studied by several experimental tests. This paper attempts to presents the results and observations of a study and comparison based on the past reported experimental data. Based on the results and observations of the comprehensive experimental study, five “control points” have been identified. The new sets of experiment have been carried out to investigate whether it might be possible the use of fly ash in fly ash based roof tiles for residential construction. In the present study, treated fly ash (TFA) of C category was used with different materials as a replacement of clay for making treated fly ash stone dust roof tiles (TFASDRT). Treated fly ash stone dust roof tiles (TFASDRT) were studied at varying percentages of cement, coarse sand, and radish stone dust (RSD) along with the constant percentage of waste polythene fibre (WPF). A research program was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of such test for assessing the properties of treated fly ash stone dust roof tiles (TFASDRT). The result of this study recommends that the fly ash based roof tiles provides a sustainable supplement to the traditional clay roof tiles, they increase the efficiency of traditional roof tiles and significantly help to reduce the environmental issues associated with the disposal of these waste materials.

粉煤灰掺量对轻烧氧化镁基制备3d打印用磷酸镁水泥性能的影响

以实现轻烧氧化镁为原料制备低碳磷酸镁水泥材料的3d打印为目标,采用自主研发的混搅挤功能一化建筑3d打印设备,探究了不同粉煤灰掺量对以轻烧氧化镁为基制备磷酸镁水泥材料性能与打印性能的影响规律,并结合XRD与SEM微观试验进一步分析粉煤灰对其水化产物及晶体样貌的影响。结果表明:与重烧氧化镁相比,由轻烧氧化镁制备磷酸镁水泥的凝结时间大幅缩短;粉煤灰的加入对材料凝结时间影响较小,均在2~3 min左右,但对抗压强度与界面粘结强度有负面影响,当粉煤灰掺量为磷酸镁水泥质量的30%时,抗压强度及界面粘结强度分别下降约34.24%、48.94%;粉煤灰掺量在20%以内时,可有效改善轻烧氧化镁基磷酸镁水泥材料的干缩率,提高体积稳定性;粉煤灰中的活性物质参与水化反应,生成的水化产物与磷酸镁水泥展现出良好的化学相容性,使结构内部更为密实;当粉煤灰掺量为20%~25%时,制备的3d打印用轻烧氧化镁基磷酸镁水泥具有良好的工作性能、体积稳定性能、挤出性能以及建造性能,且满足3d打印对水泥基材料的力学要求。

超细粉煤灰特性及其在混凝土中的应用研究

制备了不同细度(674、810、1126 m2/kg)的超细粉煤灰,研究了其掺量(0~25%)对水泥-超细粉煤灰胶凝材料性能的影响,分析了掺不同细度超细粉煤灰混凝土的工作性、力学性能和耐久性能。结果表明:超细粉煤灰的强度活性指数和需水量比均随着其细度的增加而增大;用0~25%的超细粉煤灰替代P·O 42.5级水泥后,胶凝材料的初凝、终凝时间分别延长了11~71 min、13~74 min;与未掺超细粉煤灰的混凝土相比,掺超细粉煤灰混凝土的坍落度提高,3 d和7 d抗压强度相差不大,28、56、90 d抗压强度均有所提高,抗碳化性能和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能均有所提升。

粉煤灰对铁铝酸盐水泥水化过程的影响

通过测试流动度、凝结时间、水化热、电阻率、抗压强度、pH值以及水化产物等研究了不同掺量粉煤灰对铁铝酸盐水泥水化过程的影响。结果表明,掺入粉煤灰提高了水泥浆体的流动度,并缩短了凝结时间。铁铝酸盐水泥的早期水化速率较快,表现为早期水化放热较快,电阻率快速增长。掺入粉煤灰使得试件抗压强度降低,掺入30%粉煤灰的试件在3、28 d时的抗压强度较空白组相应值分别下降了40.4%、50.7%。在90 d龄期内,孔溶液的pH值呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,空白组试件的pH值在水化3 h时为11.09,在水化48 h时升至11.59,而后逐渐降低,在水化90 d时降至10.87。掺入粉煤灰可提高孔溶液的pH值。铁铝酸盐水泥的主要水化产物为钙矾石,而粉煤灰由于水化环境碱度不足未能发挥火山灰效应。

轻钢骨架水泥粉煤灰发泡墙板的抗震性能

针对轻钢轻混凝土组合墙板抗震性能的研究相对缺乏,同时为研究不同填料对轻钢骨架水泥粉煤灰发泡墙板抗震性能的影响规律,设计了3个不同填料的墙板进行低周往复水平荷载试验,探究了不同填料对墙板的抗震性能的影响。结果表明:不同填料配比墙板的破坏模式大致相同,墙板的整体性和抗震性能较好;在轻钢骨架水泥粉煤灰发泡墙板中掺入聚丙烯纤维和增加水泥用量可以有效地提高墙体的抗震性能和抗侧刚度,增强墙体的承载力和延性,同时还可以明显提高墙体的变形能力以及耗能能力。与对照组相比,掺加0.4%聚丙烯纤维或增加水泥用量至50.0%的墙板受剪承载力均提高了约54.0%,抗侧刚度分别提高了26.0%和15.0%,累计耗能分别提高了172.0%和86.0%。