Question formation and focusing are two transformational processes attested in Standard Yoruba both of which have been extensively discussed in previous studies.However, very little is known about these concepts in Ow...Question formation and focusing are two transformational processes attested in Standard Yoruba both of which have been extensively discussed in previous studies.However, very little is known about these concepts in Owo (〇w〇) a south-East Yoruba (Yoruba) dialect. This study examines the concept of questions and focusing in (^)w〇) dialect with a comparison of the processes in Standard Yoruba. The study revealed some differences as well as similarities in the two processes in (J)w^ and standard Yoruba. Just like in Standard Yoruba, question markers in 〇wo normally occur in sentence initial and final positions. However, the question marker de constantly appears sentence medially before and before verbs in certain constructions. Furthermore, while the focus marker in Yoruba normally occurs immediately after the focused item with a stable form, the focus marker in (w o usually occurs at the sentence final position as a reduplicated form of the last syllable of the final item. Also, a pronoun which indicates number and agreement usually occurs immediately after the focused item in (wo. Finally, just like in YorUba,there is a syntactic relationship between question and focusing in (w o dialect.展开更多
This study examined the effects of mental imagery in the solution-focused approach by evaluating the impact of positive self-image about the future on emotional states using the time machine question (which is a quest...This study examined the effects of mental imagery in the solution-focused approach by evaluating the impact of positive self-image about the future on emotional states using the time machine question (which is a questioning technique used in the solution-focused approach). We compared the change in the emotional state of 270 participants, using the Japanese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), before and after the intervention. The intervention conditions included: verbal description of one’s positive future on a worksheet (the language description condition), and imagining one’s positive future (the imagery condition). The results of the experiment showed that after the intervention, the scores of the imagery group on the positive and negative affect scales of the PANAS were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than those of the language description group. We also found that the amount of change in the scores of the positive and negative affect scales of the PANAS was significantly larger in the imagery group as compared to the language description group. These results indicate that interventions involving the imagining of one’s future via the time machine question of the solution-focused approach have a more direct impact on emotional states than interventions using a language description. This suggests that mental imagery plays an important role in interventions carried out within the framework of the solution-focused approach.展开更多
In constructing a smart court,to provide intelligent assistance for achieving more efficient,fair,and explainable trial proceedings,we propose a full-process intelligent trial system(FITS).In the proposed FITS,we intr...In constructing a smart court,to provide intelligent assistance for achieving more efficient,fair,and explainable trial proceedings,we propose a full-process intelligent trial system(FITS).In the proposed FITS,we introduce essential tasks for constructing a smart court,including information extraction,evidence classification,question generation,dialogue summarization,judgment prediction,and judgment document generation.Specifically,the preliminary work involves extracting elements from legal texts to assist the judge in identifying the gist of the case efficiently.With the extracted attributes,we can justify each piece of evidence’s validity by establishing its consistency across all evidence.During the trial process,we design an automatic questioning robot to assist the judge in presiding over the trial.It consists of a finite state machine representing procedural questioning and a deep learning model for generating factual questions by encoding the context of utterance in a court debate.Furthermore,FITS summarizes the controversy focuses that arise from a court debate in real time,constructed under a multi-task learning framework,and generates a summarized trial transcript in the dialogue inspectional summarization(DIS)module.To support the judge in making a decision,we adopt first-order logic to express legal knowledge and embed it in deep neural networks(DNNs)to predict judgments.Finally,we propose an attentional and counterfactual natural language generation(AC-NLG)to generate the court’s judgment.展开更多
Part Ⅰ (略)Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: (见第32页注)Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following Passage: With television’s debut (首次出现) in the 1950s, attention generallyshifted to the ...Part Ⅰ (略)Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: (见第32页注)Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following Passage: With television’s debut (首次出现) in the 1950s, attention generallyshifted to the television industry. Literally hundreds of studies have exam-ined television’s influence on a wide spectrum of attitudes and behaviors ofthe viewing population, with many of them focusing on the effects of展开更多
文摘Question formation and focusing are two transformational processes attested in Standard Yoruba both of which have been extensively discussed in previous studies.However, very little is known about these concepts in Owo (〇w〇) a south-East Yoruba (Yoruba) dialect. This study examines the concept of questions and focusing in (^)w〇) dialect with a comparison of the processes in Standard Yoruba. The study revealed some differences as well as similarities in the two processes in (J)w^ and standard Yoruba. Just like in Standard Yoruba, question markers in 〇wo normally occur in sentence initial and final positions. However, the question marker de constantly appears sentence medially before and before verbs in certain constructions. Furthermore, while the focus marker in Yoruba normally occurs immediately after the focused item with a stable form, the focus marker in (w o usually occurs at the sentence final position as a reduplicated form of the last syllable of the final item. Also, a pronoun which indicates number and agreement usually occurs immediately after the focused item in (wo. Finally, just like in YorUba,there is a syntactic relationship between question and focusing in (w o dialect.
文摘This study examined the effects of mental imagery in the solution-focused approach by evaluating the impact of positive self-image about the future on emotional states using the time machine question (which is a questioning technique used in the solution-focused approach). We compared the change in the emotional state of 270 participants, using the Japanese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), before and after the intervention. The intervention conditions included: verbal description of one’s positive future on a worksheet (the language description condition), and imagining one’s positive future (the imagery condition). The results of the experiment showed that after the intervention, the scores of the imagery group on the positive and negative affect scales of the PANAS were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than those of the language description group. We also found that the amount of change in the scores of the positive and negative affect scales of the PANAS was significantly larger in the imagery group as compared to the language description group. These results indicate that interventions involving the imagining of one’s future via the time machine question of the solution-focused approach have a more direct impact on emotional states than interventions using a language description. This suggests that mental imagery plays an important role in interventions carried out within the framework of the solution-focused approach.
基金supported by the Key R&D Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2020YFC0832500)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018AAA0101900)+3 种基金the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.20&ZD047)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61625107 and 62006207)the Key R&D Project of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2020C01060)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.LQ21F020020 and 2020XZA202)。
文摘In constructing a smart court,to provide intelligent assistance for achieving more efficient,fair,and explainable trial proceedings,we propose a full-process intelligent trial system(FITS).In the proposed FITS,we introduce essential tasks for constructing a smart court,including information extraction,evidence classification,question generation,dialogue summarization,judgment prediction,and judgment document generation.Specifically,the preliminary work involves extracting elements from legal texts to assist the judge in identifying the gist of the case efficiently.With the extracted attributes,we can justify each piece of evidence’s validity by establishing its consistency across all evidence.During the trial process,we design an automatic questioning robot to assist the judge in presiding over the trial.It consists of a finite state machine representing procedural questioning and a deep learning model for generating factual questions by encoding the context of utterance in a court debate.Furthermore,FITS summarizes the controversy focuses that arise from a court debate in real time,constructed under a multi-task learning framework,and generates a summarized trial transcript in the dialogue inspectional summarization(DIS)module.To support the judge in making a decision,we adopt first-order logic to express legal knowledge and embed it in deep neural networks(DNNs)to predict judgments.Finally,we propose an attentional and counterfactual natural language generation(AC-NLG)to generate the court’s judgment.
文摘Part Ⅰ (略)Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: (见第32页注)Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following Passage: With television’s debut (首次出现) in the 1950s, attention generallyshifted to the television industry. Literally hundreds of studies have exam-ined television’s influence on a wide spectrum of attitudes and behaviors ofthe viewing population, with many of them focusing on the effects of
