Ameliorative effects of standardized extract from Trigonella foenum-graecum L.seeds on painful peripheral neuropathy in rats

Objective:To evaluate the effects of the standardized extract of fenugreek(Trigonella foenumgraecum L.Family:Leguminasae) seed(IND01) in animal models of peripheral neuropathy. Methods:IND01 was prepared from fenugreek seeds and standardized by high performance liquid chromatography to a marker compound,trigonelline.The effects of daily oral administration of IND01(50,100 and 200 mg/kg) were studied in rats after partial sciatic nerve ligation(PSNL) and sciatic nerve crush injury(SNCI) during 30-days period.The measurements on thermal hyperalgesia(TH),motor function test(MFT) score and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were recorded.Results:IND01 offered sustained protection against TH and deranged MFT scores in both models from 7-day onwards.Fifteen days of daily oral administration of IND01 restored MNCV reduction in rats with SNCI but not with PSNL.Conclusions:IND01 was found to be effective in rat models of painful peripheral neuropathy.

Aqueous and organic extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.inhibit the mycelia growth of fungi

Aqueous extracts from various plant parts of fenugreek(3%)(aerial parts:leaves and stems(LS),roots(R),ground seeds(GS)and not ground seeds(NGS))and petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions of the aerial parts were assayed to determine their antifungal potential against Botrytis cinerea,Fusarium graminearum,Alternaria sp.,Pythium aphanidermatum,and Rhizoctinia solani.All fenugreek plant parts showed antifungal potential and the magnitude of their inhibitory effects was species and plant parts d...

Evaluation of eco-friendly coagulant from <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>seed

The ability of seed extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum (T. foenum-graecum) and Cuminum cyminum (C. cyminum) to act as natural coagulants was tested using natural turbid water. Seed extracts were prepared using distilled water and NaCl (0.5 M and 1.0 M) solution. Only 1.0 M NaCl extract of T. foenum-graecum had coagulation capability and did not depend on pH values. Further it showed that natural coagulant obtained from T. foenum-graecum is temperature (upto 100?C) and pH stable (pH 4.0 - 10.0). Extract of C. cyminum had very minimal (16 ± 2) coagulation property. The seed extract of T. foenum-graecum showed about 80% coagulation properties, where as the best known natural coagulants such as Strychnos potatorum and Moringa oleifera, and chemical coagulant such as Al2(SO4)3 showed around 90%, 65% and 95% respectively, which are used as standards for the present study. When compared with pond water, T. foenum-graecum extract treated water shows decrease in alkalinity, turbidity, KMnO4 demand and total coli-form. This study reveals that seed extract of T. foenum-graecum can be used as natural water coagulant.

Distribution, Enrichment and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil and <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>L. (Fenugreek) after Fertigation with Paper Mill Effluent

The aim of the study was to investigate distribution, enrichment and accumulation of heavy metals in soil and Trigonella foenum-graecum (var. Pusa Early Bunching) after fertigation with paper mill effluent. Doses of paper mill effluent viz. 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were used for fertigation of T. foenum-graecum along with bore well water (control). The results revealed that paper mill effluent had significant (P +, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, TKN, PO3-4, SO2-4, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn of the soil in both seasons. Insignificant (P > 0.05) changes in WHC and bulk density of the soil were observed after irrigation with paper mill effluent. The agronomical performance of T. foenum-graecum was increased from 5% to 25% concentration and decreased from 50% to 100% concentration of paper mill effluent as compared to control in both seasons. The heavy metals concentration was increased in T. foenum-graecum from 5% to 100% concentrations of paper mill effluent in both seasons. Biochemical components like crude proteins, crude fiber and crude carbohydrates were found maximum with 25% paper mill effluent in both seasons. The enrichment factor (Ef) of various heavy metals was in order of Cd > Mn > Cr > Cu > Zn > Fe for soil and Mn > Cu > Cr > Cd > Zn > Fe for T. foenum-graecum plants after fertigation with paper mill effluent. Therefore, paper mill effluent can be used as a biofertigant after appropriate dilution to improve yield of T. foenum-graecum.

Ameliorative properties of Iranian Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds and Punica granatum L. peel extracts in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetic guinea pigs

Objective: To assess the ameliorative properties of Iranian Trigonella foenum-graecum L.(T. foenum-graecum) seeds and Punica granatum L.(P. granatum) peel extracts against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male guinea pigs.Methods: Sixty guinea pigs were divided into six groups(10 guinea pigs per group).Group 1 consisted of normal animals. Groups 2 and 3 were treated with Iranian T. foenum-graecum seeds and P. granatum peel extract alone, respectively. Group 4 was treated with streptozotocin only; whereas Groups 5 and 6 receiving streptozotocin were treated with Iranian T. foenum-graecum seeds and P. granatum peel extract, respectively.All animals were treated for 30 days, and the body weight, blood and liver biochemical parameters were measured.Results: Guinea pigs exposed to streptozotocin showed an alteration in body weight gain, fasting glucose level, kidney function parameters(blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) as well as decreased serum and hepatic total protein level. In addition, it increased the cholesterol and triglyceride level, while decreasing the hepatic glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity, glycogen, glutathione content and hepatic catalase activity. Oral treatment with T. foenum-graecum seeds and P. granatum peel extracts revealed significant protective properties with respect to body weight gain and other biochemical parameters studied.Conclusions: The Iranian T. foenum-graecum seeds and P. granatum peel extracts are significantly potent in ameliorating diabetic condition induced by streptozotocin and improving various biochemical parameters in serum and liver of guinea pigs.

The impact of cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet on seed germination and seedlings growth of fenugreek(Trigonella foenum-graecum)

The effects of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (CAPPJ) were investigated on germination and early seedling growth of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) seeds. A two-electrode argon CAPPJ system with and without an additional grounded electrode [accelerating grounded (AG) electrode] was used at different exposure times. After 16 h of observation, the germination rates increased by 4 and 7 times, without and with using an AG electrode, respectively, for 1 min of plasma exposure. An increase in shoot fresh weight was observed, especially at 10 min exposure time. A high dry weight of root and shoot at 1 min-AG exposure time was observed. The root:shoot ratio was lower in plasma-treated seedlings, compared with the control plants. The study found that the O-radical emission line (777.4 nm) enhanced 5 times, due to the presence of an AG electrode, which increased the axial electric field and led to the formation of more streamers. The three stated effects (O-radicals, enhancement of the electric field and streamers) could be the cause for the stimulation of seed germination and seedling growth parameters when using the CAPPJ. The scanning electron microscope images showed the etching of the seed surface layers, which was more pronounced when an AG electrode was applied. The results of the current study indicate that the germination rates increased due to the increase of O-radical concentration and the etching of the seed surfaces.

Determination of Kaempferol Content in 10 Batches of Different Production Areas of Yao Medicine Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance

[Objectives]To determine the kaempferol content in Yao medicine Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance.[Methods]The high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was used.The chromatographic column:Inertsil ODS-3 C18 column(4.60 mm×250 mm,5μm);mobile phase:acetonitrile-0.1%glacial acetic acid;flow rate:1.0 mL/min;column temperature:30℃;detection wavelength:360 nm;sample injection volume:10μL.[Results]The kaempferol content in Yao medicine L.foenum-graecum was determined,Y=20652X-151098(R=0.9997)shows a good linear relationship within the linear range of 9.80-156.8μg/mL.[Conclusions]The high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was established for determining the kaempferol content in Yao medicine L.foenum-graecum.This method is expected to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of quality control methods for L.foenum-graecum.

Preliminary Study on Quality Analysis of Guangxi Zhuang Medicine Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance

[Objectives]To establish a quality analysis method for Guangxi Zhuang medicine Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance.[Methods]The moisture,total ash and alcohol-soluble extracts of L.foenum-graecum medicinal materials were determined in accordance with the inspection method of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015).[Results]The 10 batches of L.foenum-graecum medicinal materials from different origins and different collection times in Guangxi all had the same plant morphology and medicinal properties.The moisture content was 5.69%-10.51%,the total ash content was 5.50%-8.61%,the acid-insoluble ash content was 0.42%-0.78%,and the extract was 15.28%-20.75%.[Conclusions]This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of L.foenum-graecum medicinal materials and the establishment of its quality standards.

葫芦巴(Trigonella foenum-graecum)染色体核型分析

葫芦巴是现在较为常用的中药材之一,但对其染色体的核型分析研究较少。为了研究葫芦巴染色体形态结构特征以及探索遗传机制,本试验以采自河北的葫芦巴种子为研究对象,采用根尖染色体制片与显微摄影技术相结合的方法,以确定染色体数目和进行核型分析。结果显示:河北葫芦巴有16条染色体,核型公式为2n=16=4m+2m (SAT)+10sm,染色体相对长度在4.63%~8.17%范围内,臂比在1.17~2.43范围内,核型不对称系数为64.03%,随体在第8对染色体的短臂上,核型类别为2A型。本研究结果既可为今后选择种内杂交和种间杂交育种种类提供科学依据,又可为探索其物种遗传机制、亲缘关系与进化、远缘杂种的鉴定等提供重要依据。

Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds extract plays a beneficial role on brain antioxidant and oxidative status in alloxan-induced Wistar rats

Context:Trigonella foenum-graecum(TriFG)exhibits increased scavenger enzymatic activities and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species in diabetic rats.Objective:The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of TriFG on lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant status in brain tissue of rats exposed to alloxan.Materials and Methods:Healthy male rats(180±10 g)were allocated into five groups.Animals in group 1 maintained on normal tap water served as controls and rats in groups 2,3,4,and 5 were treated as experimental groups.Rats in group 2 were intraperitoneally injected with alloxan(120 mg/kg BW)and treated as diabetic rats,whereas rats in groups 3 and 4 were maintained on same experimental regimen as that of rats in groups 1 and 2,respectively,and in addition,they were orally gavaged with herbal extracts of TriFG(0.25 g/kg BW).Diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide in group 5 were used as positive controls.Results and Discussion:Significant(P<0.001)increase in the antioxidant enzymes with a significant(P<0.001)decrease in the lipid peroxidation levels were observed in the brain tissue of diabetic rats treated with TriFG extract as compared to diabetic and glibenclamide-treated rats.No significant changes were observed in pro-and antioxidant levels in brain tissue of rats treated with TriFG extract alone when compared to normal rats.In diabetic rats,brain mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes like succinate dehydrogenase,glutamate dehydrogenase,and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity levels were significantly(P<0.05)decreased with reversely increased was observed in lactate dehydrogenase activity(P<0.05).Conclusions:The findings of the present study suggested that TriFG,through its antioxidant properties,protects brain tissue by mitigating oxidative stress induced by alloxan-exposed rats.TriFG extract significantly increased the antioxidant and oxidative properties in diabetic rats when compared with the control group rats.

Antioxidant,phytotoxic and cytotoxic activity of methanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum

Objective:To analyze the methanol extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum(T.foenum-graecum)for antioxidant,phytotoxic and cytotoxic activity.Methods:The powder of T.foenum-graecum was extracted in diluted methanol with the help of random shaking method.All extracts of the plant were measured for cytotoxic activity(beside brine shrimp and antioxidant activity vs.1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical).Results:Various concentrations of methanolic extract of T.foenum-graecum were observed as 36.16%to 54.12%with rising concentrations of 50 to 1000μg/mL.Significantly phytotoxic activity(100 and 1000μg/mL)reduced the growth of roots(radicals)and shoots(hypocotyls)of rice when compared to control after 3 and 7 days’treatment.At a concentration of 10μg/mL,the survival rate of cytotoxic activity of brine shrimp was maximum and at a concentration of 250μg/mL,the death rate of brine shrimp was maximum.Conclusions:T.foenum-graecum has potential activity against free radical mediated sickness and thus it is possible to treat cancer.

灵香草的研究进展

对灵香草的种植研究、化学成分分析、化学成分的提取方法和应用价值等方面的研究进展进行综述,为灵香草化学成分研究及更合理的利用和提供依据。

栽培密度对胡芦巴生产性能和生物量分配的影响

应用盆栽试验研究了栽培密度对胡芦巴（Trigonella foenum-graecumL.）形态特征和生物量分配的影响.结果表明,胡芦巴株高介于16～23 cm之间,分枝数2～3个,节数为11节左右,6～8节的节间距呈中间长两头短的趋势,复叶长较复叶宽短,顶生小叶长与宽除3株/盆处理外,其他处理下均成长∶宽为3∶2的特征;根冠比为0.55 ～0.61,茎叶比为0.64 ～0.73,干鲜比为0.13 ～0.19,光合产物茎叶根的于重分配比例为13∶ 18∶1至32∶42∶1,生物量测算结果表明,胡芦巴单位面积鲜产为8 306.2～8 324.8 kg/hm2,产干草505.9～512.7kg/hm2,侧根较发达,占总根系的50％ ～ 62％.探明胡芦巴是一种侧根较发达,叶量丰富,适口性较强的牧草,适宜于水土保持和护坡的种植.建议栽培密度566～890株/m2,可适当密植.

胡芦巴的化学成分研究

目的 :研究中国产胡芦巴种子的化学成分。方法 :硅胶色谱柱分离 ,物理、化学和光谱学方法鉴定结构。结果 :分离并鉴定了 7个化合物 ,为双咔唑、单棕榈酸甘油酯、硬脂酸、β 谷甾醇吡喃葡萄糖苷、葡萄糖乙醇苷、D 3 甲氧基肌醇和蔗糖。结论 :均为首次从胡芦巴中分得 。

中药胡芦巴三萜类成分研究

从豆科植物胡芦巴Trigonellafoenum－graecumL．种子的乙醇提取物中分得7个三萜类化合物（包括3个三萜皂苷和4个三萜），通过测定理化常数、光谱数据等，鉴定了其中6个化合物的结构，分别为羽扇豆醇、31-去甲环阿尔廷醇、白桦醇、白桦酸、大豆皂苷Ⅰ和大豆皂苷Ⅰ甲酯。各化合物均为首次从胡芦巴中分得，亦为胡芦巴属植物中首次报道。

高效液相色谱法测定胡芦巴中胡芦巴碱的含量

目的 :建立高效液相色谱法测定胡芦巴中胡芦巴碱的方法。方法 :石油醚 无水乙醇提取 ,固定相氨基键合相色谱柱 ,流动相乙腈 水 (75∶2 5 ) ,检测波长 2 6 5nm。结果 :进样量 3.6 8～ 73.6 0 μg·mL-1,r =0 .9999,加样回收率 97.4% ,RSD 1.83% (n =6 )。结论 :可为胡芦巴的质量控制提供依据。

胡芦巴油脂成分的分析测定

应用ＧＣ－ＭＳ技术对国产胡芦巴油脂成分进行了分析研究，鉴定了５种脂肪酸甲酯和１７种油脂类成分，其中１５种成分为首次从胡芦巴中测得。分析结果为开发利用胡芦巴油脂资源提供了依据。

胡芦巴黄酮苷及其降血糖活性的研究

目的研究胡芦巴中芹菜素黄酮苷的化学结构及其降血糖活性。方法采用萃取、制备色谱和柱色谱方法分离和纯化化合物,结合化学分析及其波谱数据进行结构鉴定。采用四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠模型进行抗糖尿病活性评价。有效亚组分(CⅡ-4)灌胃途径给予糖尿病小鼠,剂量为50mg.kg-1,连续给药17d。结果CⅡ-4主要含有4个芹菜素黄酮苷,结构分别为:芹菜素6-C-β-D-葡萄糖-8-C-β-D-半乳糖苷、芹菜素-6-C-β-D-葡萄糖8-C-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷、芹菜素-6-C-β-D-半乳糖-8-C-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷和芹菜素-6、8-二-C-β-D-葡萄糖苷。CⅡ-4具有显著降血糖和降血脂作用,能提高糖尿病小鼠胰腺重量指数,促进肝糖原的合成。结论该亚组分的4个化合物首次从该植物中分离得到,可能是胡芦巴的抗糖尿病有效成分之一。

20种药用植物乙醇提取物对谷蠹的触杀和驱避活性(英文)

采用药膜法和滤纸药膜选择法,分别研究了20种药用植物乙醇提取物对谷蠹Rhizopertha dominica(Fab.)成虫的触杀和驱避活性。结果表明:触杀效果以葫芦巴Trigonelia foenum-graecum提取物的活性最强,蛇床子Cnidiummonnieri和石菖蒲Acorus gramineus提取物次之。葫芦巴提取物0.39mg/cm2浓度处理48h后对谷蠹的触杀死亡率为100%,处理72h后对谷蠹的LD50为19.94μg/cm2。蛇床子和乌头Aconitum carmichaeli提取物对谷蠹成虫具有显著的驱避活性。蛇床子提取物同时具有较好的触杀和驱避活性。

NaCl胁迫对胡卢巴幼苗抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响

以胡卢巴幼苗为试验材料,研究NaCl胁迫下胡卢巴幼苗叶和根中抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果表明:随着NaCl处理浓度的升高,SOD、POD、CAT活性总体呈现先上升后下降的趋势,MDA含量则呈上升趋势。叶片中抗氧化酶活性在NaCl浓度为1.0%时达到峰值,根中抗氧化酶活性在NaCl浓度为0.5%时达到峰值。在0.5%的NaCl浓度处理下,随着处理时间的延长,3种抗氧化酶协同作用,使MDA含量减少并控制在较稳定的阶段。可见,盐胁迫下胡卢幼苗可通过提高抗氧化酶活性,降低膜质过氧化水平,减缓盐胁迫对植株的伤害,从而增强其耐盐性。