A novel algorithm for vehicle average velocity detection through automatic and dynamic camera calibration based on dark channel in homogenous fog weather condition is presented in this paper. Camera fixed in the middl...A novel algorithm for vehicle average velocity detection through automatic and dynamic camera calibration based on dark channel in homogenous fog weather condition is presented in this paper. Camera fixed in the middle of the road should be calibrated in homogenous fog weather condition, and can be used in any weather condition. Unlike other researches in velocity calculation area, our traffic model only includes road plane and vehicles in motion. Painted lines in scene image are neglected because sometimes there are no traffic lanes, especially in un-structured traffic scene. Once calibrated, scene distance will be got and can be used to calculate vehicles average velocity. Three major steps are included in our algorithm. Firstly, current video frame is recognized to discriminate current weather condition based on area search method （ASM）. If it is homogenous fog, average pixel value from top to bottom in the selected area will change in the form of edge spread function （ESF）. Secondly, traffic road surface plane will be found by generating activity map created by calculating the expected value of the absolute intensity difference between two adjacent frames. Finally, scene transmission image is got by dark channel prior theory, camera s intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are calculated based on the parameter calibration formula deduced from monocular model and scene transmission image. In this step, several key points with particular transmission value for generating necessary calculation equations on road surface are selected to calibrate the camera. Vehicles pixel coordinates are transformed to camera coordinates. Distance between vehicles and the camera will be calculated, and then average velocity for each vehicle is got. At the end of this paper, calibration results and vehicles velocity data for nine vehicles in different weather conditions are given. Comparison with other algorithms verifies the effectiveness of our algorithm.展开更多
Low visibility episodes (visibility < 1000 m) were studied by applying the anomaly-based weather analysis method. A regional episode of low visibility associated with a coastal fog that occurred from 27 to 28 Janua...Low visibility episodes (visibility < 1000 m) were studied by applying the anomaly-based weather analysis method. A regional episode of low visibility associated with a coastal fog that occurred from 27 to 28 January 2016 over Ningbo- Zhoushan Port, Zhejiang Province, East China, was first examined. Some basic features from the anomalous weather analysis for this case were identified:(1) the process of low visibility mainly caused by coastal fog was a direct response to anomalous temperature inversion in the lower troposphere, with a warm center around the 925 hPa level, which was formed by a positive geopotential height (GPH) anomaly in the upper troposphere and a negative GPH anomaly near the surface;(2) the positive humidity anomaly was conducive to the formation of coastal fog and rain;(3) regional coastal fog formed at the moment when the southwesterly wind anomalies transferred to northeasterly wind anomalies. Other cases confirmed that the low visibility associated with coastal fog depends upon low-level inversion, a positive humidity anomaly, and a change of wind anomalies from southwesterly to northeasterly, rain and stratus cloud amount. The correlation coefficients of six-hourly inversion, 850?925-hPa-averaged temperature, GPH and humidity anomalies against visibility are ?0.31, 0.40 and ?0.48, respectively, reaching the 99% confidence level in the first half-years of 2015 and 2016. By applying the anomaly-based weather analysis method to medium-range model output products, such as ensemble prediction systems, the anomalous temperature?pressure pattern and humidity?wind pattern can be used to predict the process of low visibility associated with coastal fog at several days in advance.展开更多
[ Objective] The research aimed to study weather typing and dissipation forecast of the fog in Haizhou Bay. [ Method] Based on the me- teorological observation data of three representative stations in Lianyungang, we ...[ Objective] The research aimed to study weather typing and dissipation forecast of the fog in Haizhou Bay. [ Method] Based on the me- teorological observation data of three representative stations in Lianyungang, we analyzed weather situation before fog occurrence as well as the meteorological elements of coastal fog in Haizhou Bay, and established dissipation rating forecast equation of the fog. [ Result] From the surface weather chart, the fog in Haizhou Bay was divided into four types： low-pressure inverted trough type, prefrontal warm-zone type, high-pressure rear type and high-pressure bottom type. FOg formation was closely related to stratification stability, temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and wind velocity. By using multiple linear regression method, dissipation rating prediction equation of the fog was established. Via test, prediction was correct basically, and it reached 77% that forecast rating error was below level 0.5.[Conclusion] The research could provide favorable reference for forecast and warninq of the fo_q in Haizhou Bay.展开更多
Based on conventional observation data and NCEP reanalysis data at 10 national basic stations and reference stations of Shaoyang City during 1951-2014,300 cases of typical regional dense fog process appeared in the hi...Based on conventional observation data and NCEP reanalysis data at 10 national basic stations and reference stations of Shaoyang City during 1951-2014,300 cases of typical regional dense fog process appeared in the history were selected. From meteorological factors and weather situation,temporal-spatial distribution characteristics and trend change characteristics of dense fog in Shaoyang were analyzed. The results showed that（ 1） temporal-spatial distribution of dense fog in Shaoyang region was uneven,and interannual variability of fog days had large volatility and bad periodicity; dense fog days in Shaoyang region was obviously more in winter half year and less in summer half year. Dense fog was the most in November and the least in July. Dense fog mostly concentrated during 03： 00-09： 00; appearance time mostly concentrated during 05： 00-07： 30,and dissipation time mostly appeared after 08： 30. Dense fog appeared early and dissipated late in winter half year,and vice verse in summer half year.（ 2） Seen from meteorological factors,ground and 850 h Pa of wind velocity was generally 0-3 m/s,which was all small. Moreover,there existed temperature inversion from ground to 850 h Pa. Relative humidity on dense fog day was larger,and precipitation or cloudy day mostly appeared in prior day.（ 3） There were four kinds of ground weather situation forming dense fog： uniform pressure field type,cold and high pressure bottom type,cold and high pressure rear type,frontal type. Based on grasping change characteristics,rule and formation reason of dense fog,some forecast focus was found.展开更多
ABSTRACT During a sea-fog field observation campaign on Donghai Island in the spring of 2011, fog-water, visibility, meteorological elements, and fog droplet spectra were measured. The main cations and anions in 191 ...ABSTRACT During a sea-fog field observation campaign on Donghai Island in the spring of 2011, fog-water, visibility, meteorological elements, and fog droplet spectra were measured. The main cations and anions in 191 fog-water samples were Na＋, NH2, H＋, NO3, C1- and SO] , and the average concentrations of cations and anions were 2630 and 2970 p-eq L 1, respectively. The concentrations of Na＋ and C1- originated from the ocean were high. The enhancement of anthropogenic pollution might have contributed to the high concentration of NH＋, H＋, and NO^-3. The average values ofpH and electrical conductivity （EC） were 3.34 and 505 uS cm-1, respectively, with a negative correlation between them. Cold fronts associated with cyclonic circulations promoted the decline of ion loadings. Air masses from coastal areas had the highest ion loadings, contrary to those from the sea. The ranges of wind speed, wind direction and temperature corresponding to the maximum total ion concentration （TIC） were 3.5-4 m s-1, 79°-90° and 21°C-22°C, respectively. In view of the low correlation coefficients, a new parameter Lr was proposed as a predictive parameter for TIC and the correlation coefficient increased to 0.74. Based on aerosol concentrations during the sea-fog cases in 2010, we confirmed that fog-water chemical composition also depended on the species and sizes of aerosol particles. When a dust storm passed through Donghai Island, the number concentration of large aerosol particles （with diameter 〉 1 p-m） increased. This caused the ratio of CaZ＋/Na＋ in fog-water to increase significantly.展开更多
Based on data of the actual message of Pudong Observatory,Jiangsu meteorological information sharing platform,short-time nowcasting business in the Yangtze River Delta,and the East China regional aviation numerical fo...Based on data of the actual message of Pudong Observatory,Jiangsu meteorological information sharing platform,short-time nowcasting business in the Yangtze River Delta,and the East China regional aviation numerical forecast system,the process of low-cloud and low-visibility weather in Shanghai Pudong International Airport lasting from the nightfall on March 7 to the morning on March 8 in 2016 was analyzed firstly,and then three numerical forecast systems( the East China regional aviation numerical forecast system,the East China aviation meteorological fine ensemble forecast system,and short-time nowcasting in the Yangtze River Delta) were compared to assess the accuracy of the numerical forecast.展开更多
By analyzing meteorological data during 2000 -2009, the characteristics of fog in Changzhi region and weather situation of fog weather occurrence were summarized, and forecast equation was established.
The relationship between the factor of temperature difference of the near-surface layer(T_(1000 hPa)-T_(2m))and sea fog is analyzed using the NCEP reanalysis with a horizontal resolution of l°xl°(2000 to 201...The relationship between the factor of temperature difference of the near-surface layer(T_(1000 hPa)-T_(2m))and sea fog is analyzed using the NCEP reanalysis with a horizontal resolution of l°xl°(2000 to 2011) and the station observations(2010 to 2011).The element is treated as the prediction variable factor in the GRAPES model and used to improve the regional prediction of sea fog on Guangdong coastland.(1) The relationship between this factor and the occurrence of sea fog is explicit:When the sea fog happens,the value of this factor is always large in some specific periods,and the negative value of this factor decreases significantly or turns positive,suggesting the enhancement of warm and moist advection of air flow near the surface,which favors the development of sea fog.(2) The transportation of warm and moist advection over Guangdong coastland is featured by some stages and the jumping among these states.It also gets stronger over time.Meanwhile,the northward propagation of warm and moist advection is quite consistent with the northward advancing of sea fog from south to north along the coastland of China.(3) The GRAPES model can well simulate and realize the factor of near-surface temperature difference.Besides,the accuracy of regional prediction of marine fog,the relevant threat score and Heidke skill score are all improved when the factor is involved.展开更多
2019年4月19日20时—4月26日07时,台湾海峡西岸发生了一次严重海雾事件,通过海西沿海的自动气象站数据进行了海雾生消规律研究。海雾集中于02时至08时发生,其生成时间越接近清晨,持续时间越短。海雾多为本地生成,部分站点海雾为传播而...2019年4月19日20时—4月26日07时,台湾海峡西岸发生了一次严重海雾事件,通过海西沿海的自动气象站数据进行了海雾生消规律研究。海雾集中于02时至08时发生,其生成时间越接近清晨,持续时间越短。海雾多为本地生成,部分站点海雾为传播而形成且南北海雾之间关联性不大。海雾发生前能见度均快速下降,海雾消亡后能见度快速上升。当海雾生成时,陆表温度–气温LST-T(LST,land surface temperature;T,temperature)在-1.7~2℃之间,陆表温度–露点温度LST-Td(dewpoint temperature,Td)在-1~2.7℃之间,T-Td在0.2~1℃之间,海雾维持阶段相对湿度(relative humility,RH)≥96%。在水汽丰沛的大背景下,海雾生成与发展与风速的关系较为密切,与风向的关系较弱。结合Himawari-8卫星影像与ERA5(European centre for fifth generation of atmospheric reanalysis)再分析资料对本次海雾过程的特征进行了分析。卫星影像给出了本次过程的影响范围和生消特点。环流形势表明,500h Pa上福建处于槽后脊前弱西南气流控制下。850h Pa和925h Pa高度场上均受西南气流的影响,带来了充沛的水汽,根据海气状况分析此次海雾类型为平流雾。展开更多
基金supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No. 2011AA110301)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 61079001)the Ph. D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No. 20111103110017)
文摘A novel algorithm for vehicle average velocity detection through automatic and dynamic camera calibration based on dark channel in homogenous fog weather condition is presented in this paper. Camera fixed in the middle of the road should be calibrated in homogenous fog weather condition, and can be used in any weather condition. Unlike other researches in velocity calculation area, our traffic model only includes road plane and vehicles in motion. Painted lines in scene image are neglected because sometimes there are no traffic lanes, especially in un-structured traffic scene. Once calibrated, scene distance will be got and can be used to calculate vehicles average velocity. Three major steps are included in our algorithm. Firstly, current video frame is recognized to discriminate current weather condition based on area search method （ASM）. If it is homogenous fog, average pixel value from top to bottom in the selected area will change in the form of edge spread function （ESF）. Secondly, traffic road surface plane will be found by generating activity map created by calculating the expected value of the absolute intensity difference between two adjacent frames. Finally, scene transmission image is got by dark channel prior theory, camera s intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are calculated based on the parameter calibration formula deduced from monocular model and scene transmission image. In this step, several key points with particular transmission value for generating necessary calculation equations on road surface are selected to calibrate the camera. Vehicles pixel coordinates are transformed to camera coordinates. Distance between vehicles and the camera will be calculated, and then average velocity for each vehicle is got. At the end of this paper, calibration results and vehicles velocity data for nine vehicles in different weather conditions are given. Comparison with other algorithms verifies the effectiveness of our algorithm.
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41775067)
文摘Low visibility episodes (visibility < 1000 m) were studied by applying the anomaly-based weather analysis method. A regional episode of low visibility associated with a coastal fog that occurred from 27 to 28 January 2016 over Ningbo- Zhoushan Port, Zhejiang Province, East China, was first examined. Some basic features from the anomalous weather analysis for this case were identified:(1) the process of low visibility mainly caused by coastal fog was a direct response to anomalous temperature inversion in the lower troposphere, with a warm center around the 925 hPa level, which was formed by a positive geopotential height (GPH) anomaly in the upper troposphere and a negative GPH anomaly near the surface;(2) the positive humidity anomaly was conducive to the formation of coastal fog and rain;(3) regional coastal fog formed at the moment when the southwesterly wind anomalies transferred to northeasterly wind anomalies. Other cases confirmed that the low visibility associated with coastal fog depends upon low-level inversion, a positive humidity anomaly, and a change of wind anomalies from southwesterly to northeasterly, rain and stratus cloud amount. The correlation coefficients of six-hourly inversion, 850?925-hPa-averaged temperature, GPH and humidity anomalies against visibility are ?0.31, 0.40 and ?0.48, respectively, reaching the 99% confidence level in the first half-years of 2015 and 2016. By applying the anomaly-based weather analysis method to medium-range model output products, such as ensemble prediction systems, the anomalous temperature?pressure pattern and humidity?wind pattern can be used to predict the process of low visibility associated with coastal fog at several days in advance.
基金Supported by Youth Science Research Fund in Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau,China(Q201007)Special Item of Forecaster in Jiangsu Province,China(201207)
文摘[ Objective] The research aimed to study weather typing and dissipation forecast of the fog in Haizhou Bay. [ Method] Based on the me- teorological observation data of three representative stations in Lianyungang, we analyzed weather situation before fog occurrence as well as the meteorological elements of coastal fog in Haizhou Bay, and established dissipation rating forecast equation of the fog. [ Result] From the surface weather chart, the fog in Haizhou Bay was divided into four types： low-pressure inverted trough type, prefrontal warm-zone type, high-pressure rear type and high-pressure bottom type. FOg formation was closely related to stratification stability, temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and wind velocity. By using multiple linear regression method, dissipation rating prediction equation of the fog was established. Via test, prediction was correct basically, and it reached 77% that forecast rating error was below level 0.5.[Conclusion] The research could provide favorable reference for forecast and warninq of the fo_q in Haizhou Bay.
文摘Based on conventional observation data and NCEP reanalysis data at 10 national basic stations and reference stations of Shaoyang City during 1951-2014,300 cases of typical regional dense fog process appeared in the history were selected. From meteorological factors and weather situation,temporal-spatial distribution characteristics and trend change characteristics of dense fog in Shaoyang were analyzed. The results showed that（ 1） temporal-spatial distribution of dense fog in Shaoyang region was uneven,and interannual variability of fog days had large volatility and bad periodicity; dense fog days in Shaoyang region was obviously more in winter half year and less in summer half year. Dense fog was the most in November and the least in July. Dense fog mostly concentrated during 03： 00-09： 00; appearance time mostly concentrated during 05： 00-07： 30,and dissipation time mostly appeared after 08： 30. Dense fog appeared early and dissipated late in winter half year,and vice verse in summer half year.（ 2） Seen from meteorological factors,ground and 850 h Pa of wind velocity was generally 0-3 m/s,which was all small. Moreover,there existed temperature inversion from ground to 850 h Pa. Relative humidity on dense fog day was larger,and precipitation or cloudy day mostly appeared in prior day.（ 3） There were four kinds of ground weather situation forming dense fog： uniform pressure field type,cold and high pressure bottom type,cold and high pressure rear type,frontal type. Based on grasping change characteristics,rule and formation reason of dense fog,some forecast focus was found.
基金provided by the Meteorology Fund of the Ministry of Science and Technology [Grant No.GYHY(QX)2007-6-26]the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41275151 and 41375138)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Graduate Student Innovation Plan at the Universities of Jiangsu Province
文摘ABSTRACT During a sea-fog field observation campaign on Donghai Island in the spring of 2011, fog-water, visibility, meteorological elements, and fog droplet spectra were measured. The main cations and anions in 191 fog-water samples were Na＋, NH2, H＋, NO3, C1- and SO] , and the average concentrations of cations and anions were 2630 and 2970 p-eq L 1, respectively. The concentrations of Na＋ and C1- originated from the ocean were high. The enhancement of anthropogenic pollution might have contributed to the high concentration of NH＋, H＋, and NO^-3. The average values ofpH and electrical conductivity （EC） were 3.34 and 505 uS cm-1, respectively, with a negative correlation between them. Cold fronts associated with cyclonic circulations promoted the decline of ion loadings. Air masses from coastal areas had the highest ion loadings, contrary to those from the sea. The ranges of wind speed, wind direction and temperature corresponding to the maximum total ion concentration （TIC） were 3.5-4 m s-1, 79°-90° and 21°C-22°C, respectively. In view of the low correlation coefficients, a new parameter Lr was proposed as a predictive parameter for TIC and the correlation coefficient increased to 0.74. Based on aerosol concentrations during the sea-fog cases in 2010, we confirmed that fog-water chemical composition also depended on the species and sizes of aerosol particles. When a dust storm passed through Donghai Island, the number concentration of large aerosol particles （with diameter 〉 1 p-m） increased. This caused the ratio of CaZ＋/Na＋ in fog-water to increase significantly.
文摘Based on data of the actual message of Pudong Observatory,Jiangsu meteorological information sharing platform,short-time nowcasting business in the Yangtze River Delta,and the East China regional aviation numerical forecast system,the process of low-cloud and low-visibility weather in Shanghai Pudong International Airport lasting from the nightfall on March 7 to the morning on March 8 in 2016 was analyzed firstly,and then three numerical forecast systems( the East China regional aviation numerical forecast system,the East China aviation meteorological fine ensemble forecast system,and short-time nowcasting in the Yangtze River Delta) were compared to assess the accuracy of the numerical forecast.
文摘By analyzing meteorological data during 2000 -2009, the characteristics of fog in Changzhi region and weather situation of fog weather occurrence were summarized, and forecast equation was established.
基金Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest(GYHY200906008)Natural Science Foundation of China(41275025)+2 种基金Guangdong Science and Technology Plan Project(2012A061400012)Meteorological Project from Guangdong Meteorological Bureau(201003)Research on Pre-warning and Forecasting Techniques for Marine Meteorology from Guangdong Meteorological Bureau
文摘The relationship between the factor of temperature difference of the near-surface layer(T_(1000 hPa)-T_(2m))and sea fog is analyzed using the NCEP reanalysis with a horizontal resolution of l°xl°(2000 to 2011) and the station observations(2010 to 2011).The element is treated as the prediction variable factor in the GRAPES model and used to improve the regional prediction of sea fog on Guangdong coastland.(1) The relationship between this factor and the occurrence of sea fog is explicit:When the sea fog happens,the value of this factor is always large in some specific periods,and the negative value of this factor decreases significantly or turns positive,suggesting the enhancement of warm and moist advection of air flow near the surface,which favors the development of sea fog.(2) The transportation of warm and moist advection over Guangdong coastland is featured by some stages and the jumping among these states.It also gets stronger over time.Meanwhile,the northward propagation of warm and moist advection is quite consistent with the northward advancing of sea fog from south to north along the coastland of China.(3) The GRAPES model can well simulate and realize the factor of near-surface temperature difference.Besides,the accuracy of regional prediction of marine fog,the relevant threat score and Heidke skill score are all improved when the factor is involved.
文摘2019年4月19日20时—4月26日07时,台湾海峡西岸发生了一次严重海雾事件,通过海西沿海的自动气象站数据进行了海雾生消规律研究。海雾集中于02时至08时发生,其生成时间越接近清晨,持续时间越短。海雾多为本地生成,部分站点海雾为传播而形成且南北海雾之间关联性不大。海雾发生前能见度均快速下降,海雾消亡后能见度快速上升。当海雾生成时,陆表温度–气温LST-T(LST,land surface temperature;T,temperature)在-1.7~2℃之间,陆表温度–露点温度LST-Td(dewpoint temperature,Td)在-1~2.7℃之间,T-Td在0.2~1℃之间,海雾维持阶段相对湿度(relative humility,RH)≥96%。在水汽丰沛的大背景下,海雾生成与发展与风速的关系较为密切,与风向的关系较弱。结合Himawari-8卫星影像与ERA5(European centre for fifth generation of atmospheric reanalysis)再分析资料对本次海雾过程的特征进行了分析。卫星影像给出了本次过程的影响范围和生消特点。环流形势表明,500h Pa上福建处于槽后脊前弱西南气流控制下。850h Pa和925h Pa高度场上均受西南气流的影响,带来了充沛的水汽,根据海气状况分析此次海雾类型为平流雾。
