Combined hybrid energy storage system and transmission grid model for peak shaving based on time series operation simulation

This study proposes a combined hybrid energy storage system(HESS) and transmission grid(TG) model, and a corresponding time series operation simulation(TSOS) model is established to relieve the peak-shaving pressure of power systems under the integration of renewable energy. First, a linear model for the optimal operation of the HESS is established, which considers the different power-efficiency characteristics of the pumped storage system, electrochemical storage system, and a new type of liquid compressed air energy storage. Second, a TSOS simulation model for peak shaving is built to maximize the power entering the grid from the wind farms and HESS. Based on the proposed model, this study considers the transmission capacity of a TG. By adding the power-flow constraints of the TG, a TSOS-based HESS and TG combination model for peak shaving is established. Finally, the improved IEEE-39 and IEEE-118 bus systems were considered as examples to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model.

Novel Hyper-Combined Public Key Based Cloud Storage Key Management Scheme

In order to ensure the security of cloud storage, on the basis of the analysis of cloud storage security requirements, this paper puts forward a kind of＂ hidden mapping hyper-combined public key management scheme based on the hyperelliptic curve crypto system, which is applicable to the distributed cloud storage. A series of operation processes of the key management are elaborated, including key distribution, key updating and key agreement, etc. Analysis shows that the scheme can solve the problem of large-scale key management and storage issues in cloud storage effectively. The scheme feathers high efficiency and good scalability. It is able to resist collusion attack and ensure safe and reliable service provided by the cloud storaee system

Storage-Reduction of NO_(x)over Combined Catalysts of Pt/Ba/Al_(2)O_(3)-Mn/Ba/Al_(2)O_(3):Carbon Monoxide as Reductant

Storage-reduction of NOx by carbon monoxide was investigated over combined catalysts of Mn/Ba/Al2O3-Pt/Ba/Al2O3. Combination of Mn/Ba/Al2O3 and Pt/Ba/Al2O3 catalysts in different ways showed excellent NOx storage-reduction performance and the content of Pt could be reduced by 50%. Not only the addition of 5Mn/15Ba/Al2O3 to 1Pt/15Ba/Al2O3 could improve its storage ability, but also enhance the NOx conversion consequently. NOx conversion over the combined catalysts （the combined catalysts Ⅰ and Ⅱ） was increased under dynamic lean-rich burn conditions, the maximum NOx conversion increased from 69.4% to respectively 78.8% and 75.7% over two combined catalysts.

Optimal Scheduling Method of Cogeneration System with Heat Storage Device Based on Memetic Algorithm

Electric-heat coupling characteristics of a cogeneration system and the operating mode of fixing electricity with heat are the main reasons for wind abandonment during the heating season in the Three North area.To improve the wind-power absorption capacity and operating economy of the system,the structure of the system is improved by adding a heat storage device and an electric boiler.First,aiming at the minimum operating cost of the system,the optimal scheduling model of the cogeneration system,including a heat storage device and electric boiler,is constructed.Second,according to the characteristics of the problem,a cultural gene algorithm program is compiled to simulate the calculation example.Finally,through the system improvement,the comparison between the conditions before and after and the simulation solutions of similar algorithms prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.The simulation results show that adding the heat storage device and electric boiler to the scheduling optimization process not only improves the wind power consumption capacity of the cogeneration system but also reduces the operating cost of the system by significantly reducing the coal consumption of the unit and improving the economy of the system operation.The cultural gene algorithm framework has both the global evolution process of the population and the local search for the characteristics of the problem,which has a better optimization effect on the solution.

Three-Level Optimal Scheduling and Power Allocation Strategy for Power System ContainingWind-Storage Combined Unit

To mitigate the impact of wind power volatility on power system scheduling,this paper adopts the wind-storage combined unit to improve the dispatchability of wind energy.And a three-level optimal scheduling and power allocation strategy is proposed for the system containing the wind-storage combined unit.The strategy takes smoothing power output as themain objectives.The first level is the wind-storage joint scheduling,and the second and third levels carry out the unit combination optimization of thermal power and the power allocation of wind power cluster(WPC),respectively,according to the scheduling power of WPC and ESS obtained from the first level.This can ensure the stability,economy and environmental friendliness of the whole power system.Based on the roles of peak shaving-valley filling and fluctuation smoothing of the energy storage system(ESS),this paper decides the charging and discharging intervals of ESS,so that the energy storage and wind power output can be further coordinated.Considering the prediction error and the output uncertainty of wind power,the planned scheduling output of wind farms(WFs)is first optimized on a long timescale,and then the rolling correction optimization of the scheduling output of WFs is carried out on a short timescale.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed optimal scheduling and power allocation strategy is verified through case analysis.

Combined liver-kidney transplantation for rare diseases

Combined liver and kidney transplantation(CLKT)is indicated in patients with failure of both organs,or for the treatment of end-stage chronic kidney disease(ESKD)caused by a genetic defect in the liver.The aim of the present review is to provide the most up-to-date overview of the rare conditions as indications for CLKT.They are major indications for CLKT in children.However,in some of them(e.g.,atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome or primary hyperoxaluria),CLKT may be required in adults as well.Primary hyperoxaluria is divided into three types,of which type 1 and 2 lead to ESKD.CLKT has been proven effective in renal function replacement,at the same time preventing recurrence of the disease.Nephronophthisis is associated with liver fibrosis in 5%of cases and these patients are candidates for CLKT.In alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency,hereditary C3 deficiency,lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency and glycogen storage diseases,glomerular or tubulointerstitial disease can lead to chronic kidney disease.Liver transplantation as a part of CLKT corrects underlying genetic and consequent metabolic abnormality.In atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by mutations in the genes for factor H,successful CLKT has been reported in a small number of patients.However,for this indication,CLKT has been largely replaced by eculizumab,an anti-C5 antibody.CLKT has been well established to provide immune protection of the transplanted kidney against donor-specific antibodies against class I HLA,facilitating transplantation in a highly sensitized recipient.

Optimal Control of Combined Sewer Overflows

Combined sewer networks carry wastewater and stormwater together.Capacity limitation of these sewer networks results in combined sewer overflows(CSOs)during high-intensity storms.Untreated CSOs when directly discharged to the nearby natural water bodies cause many environmental problems.Controlling existing urban sewer networks is one possible way of addressing the issues in urban wastewater systems.However,it is still a challenge,when considering the receiving water quality effects.This paper presents an evolutionary constrained multi-objective optimization approach to control the existing combined sewer networks.The control of online storage tanks was taken into account when controlling the combined sewer network.The developed multi-objective approach considers two important objectives,i.e.the pollution load to the receiving water from CSOs and the cost of the wastewater treatment.The proposed optimization algorithm is applied here to a realistic interceptor sewer system to demonstrate its effectiveness.

考虑保供电需求的光储微电网优化配置及电能质量评估

针对用户日益迫切的保供电需求以及光伏出力与负荷用电的随机性、波动性引发的电能质量的问题,建立了考虑保供电需求的光储微电网双层优化模型,并对规划配置的微电网电能质量进行评估。该模型以等效净负荷标准差和弃光率最小为上层优化目标,以微电网有功功率损耗最小为下层优化目标,以储能满足保供电负荷的保供电需求作为附加约束条件,采用遗传算法求解。然后设计源、网、荷三类指标,采用组合赋权法确定各指标权重,实现对微电网电能质量的综合评估。最后以改进的IEEE-33系统验证了所提模型的有效性。结果表明考虑保供电需求后能够提高微电网电能质量,并在一定范围内保供电负荷越大时越能提高微电网电能质量和用户满意度。

光储联合发电系统不对称故障穿越控制策略

针对电网不对称故障下光伏发电系统输出功率与直流侧电压二倍频波动问题,提出了一种光储联合发电系统低电压穿越控制策略。在低电压穿越期间,充分利用光伏并网逆变器和储能变流器容量向电网输送有功和无功功率;在此基础上令储能变流器采取基于负序虚拟电导的负序电压补偿控制策略;同时,分析了单台以及多台储能变流器参与负序电压补偿的原理,并对负序虚拟电导进行了自适应优化设计。仿真结果表明,所提控制策略能够有效削弱光伏发电系统输出功率与直流侧电压的二倍频波动。

先进抽水压缩空气复合储能技术

储能技术的创新突破成为带动全球能源格局革命性、颠覆性调整的必经之路,是实现“碳中和、碳达峰”目标的重要举措。为此,西安交通大学“先进物理储能技术”研究团队创新性地发明了新型抽水压缩空气复合储能技术。该技术采用空气和水作为混合工作介质,利用水力机械设备和空气透平作为系统的复合做功设备,实现储能介质高效等温压缩/膨胀。相比于传统压缩空气储能技术,新型气液复合空气储能技术具有响应快、效率高、投资成本低等优点。团队通过10余年的攻关研究,完成了关键设备与储能系统的性能表征、时域特性研究、流体机械关键共性技术集中攻关、空气储能技术全寿命周期性能评估软件的研发及应用,研究成果可为气液复合压缩空气储能技术的规模化推广应用提供坚实的理论与数据支撑。

抽水蓄能电站防沙措施研究

以典型抽水蓄能电站为研究对象,开展了水库防沙措施研究。针对复杂工程条件,在分析各种防沙布置措施的基础上,考虑以沉代拦、导沉结合,提出导沙堤和尾水明渠相结合的防沙布置型式。经过数值模拟和物理模型验证,该型式减少过机泥沙效果明显,水力学参数合理。研究成果可为类似工程规划、设计和运行提供参考。

盐岩储气库稳定性评估模型与应用研究

为了解决盐岩储气库稳定性评估的模糊性和不确定性问题,降低事故发生的概率,提高判断准确度,将功效系数法引入盐岩储气库系统的评估与控制中,提出一种基于集成赋权-功效系数法的盐岩储气库稳定性评估模型。在所建评估体系下,运用反熵权法(AEW)、决策试验和评价试验法(DEMATEL)、改进组合数的有序加权平均C-OWA算子计算指标权重,三者优势互补,削弱了单一赋权方法的不足,并利用乘法合成原理获得综合权重。通过计算盐岩储气库的总功效系数值,评估整个系统的风险等级,最后利用实例,验证了模型的适用性与有效性。验证结果表明:该模型赋权方法可靠,计算结果贴近实际情况,能有效评估盐岩储气库的状态。

计及最小惯量约束的风光火储联合系统优化调度

风、光、储多种新能源并网使系统常常处在低惯量运行场景下,给考虑频率稳定的系统优化调度带来极大挑战。为此提出了一种计及最小惯量约束的多源联合电力系统优化调度模型。首先,综合考虑两项频率指标,计算满足频率指标的系统最小惯量需求,将非线性的频率稳定约束转化为线性的最小惯量约束加入调度模型之中。其次,利用含模糊参数的机会约束表达源荷不确定性对于联合系统的影响,建立模糊参数下的系统优化调度模型。最后,通过IEEE 30节点系统验证了该模型的经济性与安全性。

考虑风-光不确定性的风-光-蓄-火联合调度研究

在当前风电和光伏大规模并网的背景下,要确保能源供应的稳定性和高效性,关键任务是确定合适的可再生能源渗透率,并精确配比可再生能源与储能系统的容量。因此,在考虑风、光不确定性的基础上,构建风-光-蓄-火优化调度模型,使用拉丁超立方抽样法模拟模型中风电和光伏出力场景,再基于Kantorovich距离的同步回代消除算法对生成的风、光出力场景进行缩减,并通过改进的粒子群算法对模型进行求解。以白莲河抽水蓄能电站为例,结合当地的实测风速、光照数据,探究有无抽蓄参与以及不同能源容量配比下的调度结果,得到以下结论:①抽蓄电站的加入使得联合系统收益增加了428.06万元,风、光出力的波动性降低了12.24%,可再生能源的弃电率下降了5.62%,污染物排放也得到了减少。②抽蓄与可再生能源装机容量比例在1∶8.33范围内配置较为合理,在1∶5.21时可再生能源弃电率达到最低。③当可再生能源渗透率为71.09%,抽蓄与可再生能源装机容量比例为1∶6.25时,风-光-蓄-火联合运行边际效益最大。

考虑多热源协同互补的含先进绝热压缩空气储能系统容量配置方法

先进绝热压缩空气储能(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage,AA-CAES)具备天然的热电联供特性,能够有效缓解供热期出现的弃风问题。若能在规划阶段充分考虑运行需求,进而合理地配置储能容量,则能够在解决弃风问题的前提下,最大程度对燃煤机组进行清洁替代。为此,该文提出了多热源协同互补的AA-CAES系统容量配置模型。首先本模型在能量输入端引入电锅炉预热压缩机入口空气,以增大压缩机输气系数并提高机组产热量;其次在扩展热源端,通过太阳能反射镜场收集光热,以提高系统储热水平;并在计及储能系统各模块实际运行效率约束之余,以运行总成本最小为目标,计算储能容量配置最优解。再次,分析供热时长及环境温度等因素对投资成本回收年限的影响,并计算不同情况下本模型投资成本的回收年限,得出建设本模型可盈利的硬性条件;最后,基于东北某地区供热期及非供热期典型日负荷及气象数据在IEEE-39节点系统完成算例分析,验证所提模型有效性。

风-火-储耦合系统储能容量配置优化对比

为提升风电富集区域风电消纳水平及燃煤机组的灵活性,提出了基于热电共蓄式压缩空气储能的风-火-储耦合系统及系统调度策略,建立了系统的容量配置优化框架,并对7种布局方案进行了多目标优化。优化结果表明:电锅炉将弃风电量转化为热量时,燃煤机组的运行点向电力负荷下限更低的区域移动,风电上网空间增大,燃煤机组出力水平降低;加入热电共蓄式压缩空气储能子系统,使得燃煤机组电功率水平降低;换热器废热的回收进一步降低了燃煤机组产热水平;通过调整燃煤机组热出力,抽汽蓄热子系统能够实现抽汽热的时空平移,促使燃煤机组运行点向电力负荷下限更低的区域移动,可间接促进风电的消纳。综合来看,3种子系统相组合的最佳耦合方案可实现燃煤机组的热电解耦,从而提升了其深度调峰能力,在更大程度消纳风电能力的同时提升了系统的效率和环保性。

超声联合微酸性电解水处理克氏原螯虾条件优化及对其品质影响

目的探寻超声协同微酸性电解水处理对克氏原螯虾杀菌效果以及贮藏期品质的影响。方法考察微酸性电解水有效氯浓度、浸泡时间、超声功率三者分别对微生物的影响,分析4℃贮藏期间联合处理对克氏原螯虾菌落总数、总挥发性盐基氮、丙二醛、色差、感官等的影响。结果在微酸性电解水中浸泡10 min、有效氯浓度为60 mg/L、超声功率为405 W的条件下,克氏原螯虾菌落总数与空白组相比降低了1.48 lg(CFU/g),与单一处理相比杀菌作用更强。在冷藏期间,联合处理组能够抑制克氏原螯虾菌落总数的增长,其总挥发性盐基氮和丙二醛的上升速度均低于未处理组,对延缓样品的脂肪氧化与腐败变质有较好效果。结论与对照组相比,超声协同微酸性电解水处理有良好的杀菌效果,能更好地保持克氏原螯虾的品质并延长冷藏货架期至4 d以上。

基于火-储联合循环的冷热电三联供系统多运行模式热力性能分析

综合考虑绝热压缩空气储能及火电机组的特点和不足,该文从能量转化及利用机理出发,提出将二者耦合集成的火-储联合循环概念以及一种基于该循环的新型冷热电多能联供系统,并对该系统进行性能评估和特性分析。基于构建的热力模型,分别研究纯电及热电、冷电联产3种典型场景下热能综合利用方式对重要参数及性能的影响规律。结果显示,在最优集成方案下,储能系统的循环效率可提高2.61%。在热电和冷电模式下,循环效率可进一步提升至77%及70.13%。火-储集成能够显著提高能源综合利用水平,在多能联产模式下性能提升更为明显。此外,通过敏感性分析得到典型运行模式下热能利用的合理方式。该文结果能够指导火-储耦合集成系统优化设计及运行,可为火电机组与压缩空气-储能高效发展提供一种新思路。

考虑储能电站恢复能力的风储联合黑启动协调控制策略

储能电站与风电场联合参与系统黑启动,可减少负荷停电时间和加速系统恢复。文章针对大型风储联合发电系统,提出了考虑储能电站恢复能力的黑启动协调控制策略。风电场采用最大功率跟踪控制方式,储能电站采用恒频恒压控制方式,二者联合构成黑启动电源;储能电站采用软启动技术自启动,先恢复部分重要负荷,再启动风电机组,提高了风电并网的稳定性。提出了考虑储能电站恢复能力的负荷恢复量估算方法,基于被启动火电厂辅机负荷需求和风功率预测,对黑启动过程中储能电站的荷电状态进行预估,进而考虑储能电站的功率和荷电状态约束,确定重要负荷的恢复量,从而在确保启动火电机组的前提下,尽可能恢复重要负荷。基于PSCAD/EMTDC的暂态仿真结果验证了所提策略的有效性。

热网蓄热特性及其对机组调峰能力的影响研究

为了提高热电联产机组调峰能力,利用热网蓄热实现机组的“热电解耦”。建立了某350 MW热电联产机组及其热网系统的动态仿真模型,研究了热网及其热用户在蓄/放热阶段的动态特性及环境温度对机组调峰能力的影响规律。结果表明:热用户滞后时间随着热用户与换热首站的距离的增加而增加,同时也受自身热负荷的直接影响和其余热用户热负荷的间接影响;热网相对蓄/放热功率在改变抽汽质量流量后先迅速变化再缓慢变化;热用户温度近似呈线性变化,其变化速率随着抽汽质量流量变化幅度的增大而增大,且开始变化时间也随之提前;机组最大调峰能力随着环境温度降低而略有增加,环境温度从0℃下降至-15℃时,机组调峰能力从23.8 MW增加至29.7 MW;增加蓄热时长,提高蓄热温度,降低放热温度均有利于提高机组调峰能力。