In 2019, an investigation by the U.S. House of Representatives revealed major infant food conglomerates had products with high levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury, posing concerns for infants’ vulnerability...In 2019, an investigation by the U.S. House of Representatives revealed major infant food conglomerates had products with high levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury, posing concerns for infants’ vulnerability to the neurotoxic effects of these metals. Trends of laboratory-detected heavy metals were analyzed in children aged zero to five from 1999-2020, providing insights on heavy metal contamination in infant food products. Utilizing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, mean heavy metal levels in children were calculated, considering gender, race, and income-to-poverty ratio as proxies for assessing associations with increasing heavy metal rates in infant food. Findings indicated an overall decrease in mean concentrations over time, though remaining elevated. Black children exhibited higher lead levels than the overall average, while the Asian subgroup displayed higher levels of total blood mercury and cadmium levels. Lack of internal standards in regulatory bodies, particularly the FDA, exacerbates the issue, with no legally enforceable guidelines or strict maximum levels for heavy metals in infant foods. Urgent FDA interventions are needed, addressing contamination at the sources of raw materials, implementing transparent and extensive product testing, and comprehensive manufacturer labeling to inform consumers about elevated heavy metal levels in infant products.展开更多
Studies on peri urban farming in Zambia have not adequately tackled the issues pertaining to heavy metal contaminated wastewater irrigation farming. The study investigated heavy metal contamination of water, soils and...Studies on peri urban farming in Zambia have not adequately tackled the issues pertaining to heavy metal contaminated wastewater irrigation farming. The study investigated heavy metal contamination of water, soils and crops at two peri urban areas in Zambia. Two study sites were New Farm Extension in Mufulira Town in the Copperbelt Province and Chilumba Gardens in Kafue Town in Lusaka Province. The heavy metals investigated were lead, copper, cobalt, nickel and chromium. These heavy metals were found to be higher than acceptable limits in wastewater used to irrigate crops and there are potential human health risks associated with consumption of heavy metal contaminated food crops which have implications on the livelihoods of people. Samples of water, soil and crops were collected and analysed for lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The data on heavy metals was analysed using mean, standard error and T-test. The results indicated that the levels of heavy metals in wastewater, soil and food crops were above acceptable limits at two study sites. It can be concluded that there was heavy metal contamination of wastewater, soil and food crops at the two peri-urban areas in Zambia. The study highlighted the actual levels of heavy metal contaminant uptake in food crops consumed by the peri urban population. The information from this study can be used by the relevant authorities to develop appropriate measures for monitoring and control of heavy metal contamination in wastewater irrigation farming systems in peri urban areas inZambia.展开更多
Hundreds of children died in 2010 due to suspected lead poisoning from mining sources in Zamfara State among epidemiological concerns. Evaluating ecological and human health risks of heavy metals levels in sampled foo...Hundreds of children died in 2010 due to suspected lead poisoning from mining sources in Zamfara State among epidemiological concerns. Evaluating ecological and human health risks of heavy metals levels in sampled food crops harvested near two abandoned Lead-Zinc mining sites at Logo Benue State is crucial. <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>, <i>Carica papaya</i>, <i>Manihot esculenta</i>, and <i>Zea mays</i> were sampled, prepared, and analyzed for four heavy metals using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method. The mean data from the analysis of variance was subjected to ecological and health risk models. Pb means value ranged from <i>Carica papaya</i> Peel 0.46 ± 0.011 mg/kg to 1.30 ± 0.01 mg/kg in <i>Zea mays</i> seed. Zn was highest in <i>Carica papaya</i> flesh 0.50 ± 0.01 mg/kg, and lowest in <i>Manihot esculenta</i> peels and its flesh 0.12 ± 0.000 mg/kg. Hg and Cd were below detectable levels. <i>Zea mays</i> <i>seeds</i> (1.001) had the highest Pd bioaccumulation factor. BAF of zinc and ecological indices were <1. Daily Intake of Metals were all <1, however, Hazard Quotient (HQ) of Pb was ≥1 in <i>Manihot esculenta</i> flesh 1.143 and Zea mays at 1714. Cancer Risks were within permissible range (10<sup>-4</sup> - 10<sup>-6</sup>). Health Risk result indicates communities around the mining area may be at risk of lead poisoning therefore due to high contamination of samples, routine checks on heavy metals especially lead is recommended to prevent excessive bioaccumulation in the body.展开更多
Soil contamination with heavy metal(loid)sthreatens soil ecological functions, water quality and foodsafety;the latter is the focus of this review. Cadmium (Cd)and arsenic (As) are the toxic elements of most concern f...Soil contamination with heavy metal(loid)sthreatens soil ecological functions, water quality and foodsafety;the latter is the focus of this review. Cadmium (Cd)and arsenic (As) are the toxic elements of most concern forfood safety because they are relatively easily taken up byfood crops. Rice is a major contributor of both Cd and Asintakes to the Chinese population. Contarmination and soilacidification are the main causes of high Cd levels in ricegrains produced in some areas of southern China. The riskof Cd and As accumulation in food crops can be mitigatedthrough agronomic practices and crop breeding. Liming iseffective and economical at reducing Cd uptake by rice inacid soils. Paddy water management can produce oppositeeffects on Cd and As accumulation. Many genes control-ling Cd and As uptake and translocation have beencharacterized, paving the way to breeding low accumulat-ing crop cultivars through marker- -assisted molecularbreeding or genetic engineering. It is important to protectagricultural soils from future contamination. L ong-termmonitoring of anthropogenic additions and accumulationof heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural soils should beundertaken. Mass-balance models should be constructedto evaluate future trends of metal(loid)s in agricultural soilsat a regional scale.展开更多
Heavy metal(HM)contamination in soils of greenhouse vegetable production(GVP)systems has drawn increasing attention in terms of food safety.In the present study,64 surface soils were sampled,and the concentrations of ...Heavy metal(HM)contamination in soils of greenhouse vegetable production(GVP)systems has drawn increasing attention in terms of food safety.In the present study,64 surface soils were sampled,and the concentrations of select HMs were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy.The results showed that the concentrations of cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),zinc(Zn),copper(Cu),nickel(Ni)and chromium(Cr)in the soils were(0.2±0.2)mg/kg,(26.5±8.4)mg/kg,(101.4±43.2)mg/kg,(29.1±8.6)mg/kg,(24.5±3.3)mg/kg,and(56.5±6.3)mg/kg,and the corresponding accumulation index(AI)values were 2.30,1.10,1.43,1.45,1.07,and 0.97,respectively.The spatial distribution of the HMs suggested that Cd pollution displays a fractionation effect,which may be related to the source of Cd and its mobility.The concentration of Zn was significantly correlated with that of other HMs,implying that a comprehensive interactive effect might occur between Zn and other HMs.Furthermore,the values of the potential ecological risk index(RI)ranged from 41.23 to 185.91,meaning that attention should be paid to HM contamination of GVP soils to ensure food quality and safety.展开更多
为调查我国主要产区慈姑中重金属污染状况,及时发现质量安全隐患,科学防控水生蔬菜重金属风险,2019—2021年在我国慈姑主产区湖北省、江苏省、浙江省和广西壮族自治区的生产基地连续采集175批次样品,监测7种重金属含量,并采用食品安全指...为调查我国主要产区慈姑中重金属污染状况,及时发现质量安全隐患,科学防控水生蔬菜重金属风险,2019—2021年在我国慈姑主产区湖北省、江苏省、浙江省和广西壮族自治区的生产基地连续采集175批次样品,监测7种重金属含量,并采用食品安全指数(index of food safety,IFS)法进行膳食暴露风险评估。结果表明,慈姑样品中重金属总体合格率为98.3%;铜、砷和镉的检出率均达100.0%,铬、铅、镍和汞的检出率分别为78.8%、69.7%、36.6%和20.0%。其中,砷和镉的超标率分别为1.1%和0.6%,2批次砷超标样品和1批次镉超标样品分别来自江苏省、湖北省和广西壮族自治区。从食品安全指数评价结果来看,慈姑中7种重金属的IFS和IFS都远小于1,整体暴露风险处于可接受范围。展开更多
文摘In 2019, an investigation by the U.S. House of Representatives revealed major infant food conglomerates had products with high levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury, posing concerns for infants’ vulnerability to the neurotoxic effects of these metals. Trends of laboratory-detected heavy metals were analyzed in children aged zero to five from 1999-2020, providing insights on heavy metal contamination in infant food products. Utilizing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, mean heavy metal levels in children were calculated, considering gender, race, and income-to-poverty ratio as proxies for assessing associations with increasing heavy metal rates in infant food. Findings indicated an overall decrease in mean concentrations over time, though remaining elevated. Black children exhibited higher lead levels than the overall average, while the Asian subgroup displayed higher levels of total blood mercury and cadmium levels. Lack of internal standards in regulatory bodies, particularly the FDA, exacerbates the issue, with no legally enforceable guidelines or strict maximum levels for heavy metals in infant foods. Urgent FDA interventions are needed, addressing contamination at the sources of raw materials, implementing transparent and extensive product testing, and comprehensive manufacturer labeling to inform consumers about elevated heavy metal levels in infant products.
文摘Studies on peri urban farming in Zambia have not adequately tackled the issues pertaining to heavy metal contaminated wastewater irrigation farming. The study investigated heavy metal contamination of water, soils and crops at two peri urban areas in Zambia. Two study sites were New Farm Extension in Mufulira Town in the Copperbelt Province and Chilumba Gardens in Kafue Town in Lusaka Province. The heavy metals investigated were lead, copper, cobalt, nickel and chromium. These heavy metals were found to be higher than acceptable limits in wastewater used to irrigate crops and there are potential human health risks associated with consumption of heavy metal contaminated food crops which have implications on the livelihoods of people. Samples of water, soil and crops were collected and analysed for lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The data on heavy metals was analysed using mean, standard error and T-test. The results indicated that the levels of heavy metals in wastewater, soil and food crops were above acceptable limits at two study sites. It can be concluded that there was heavy metal contamination of wastewater, soil and food crops at the two peri-urban areas in Zambia. The study highlighted the actual levels of heavy metal contaminant uptake in food crops consumed by the peri urban population. The information from this study can be used by the relevant authorities to develop appropriate measures for monitoring and control of heavy metal contamination in wastewater irrigation farming systems in peri urban areas inZambia.
文摘Hundreds of children died in 2010 due to suspected lead poisoning from mining sources in Zamfara State among epidemiological concerns. Evaluating ecological and human health risks of heavy metals levels in sampled food crops harvested near two abandoned Lead-Zinc mining sites at Logo Benue State is crucial. <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>, <i>Carica papaya</i>, <i>Manihot esculenta</i>, and <i>Zea mays</i> were sampled, prepared, and analyzed for four heavy metals using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method. The mean data from the analysis of variance was subjected to ecological and health risk models. Pb means value ranged from <i>Carica papaya</i> Peel 0.46 ± 0.011 mg/kg to 1.30 ± 0.01 mg/kg in <i>Zea mays</i> seed. Zn was highest in <i>Carica papaya</i> flesh 0.50 ± 0.01 mg/kg, and lowest in <i>Manihot esculenta</i> peels and its flesh 0.12 ± 0.000 mg/kg. Hg and Cd were below detectable levels. <i>Zea mays</i> <i>seeds</i> (1.001) had the highest Pd bioaccumulation factor. BAF of zinc and ecological indices were <1. Daily Intake of Metals were all <1, however, Hazard Quotient (HQ) of Pb was ≥1 in <i>Manihot esculenta</i> flesh 1.143 and Zea mays at 1714. Cancer Risks were within permissible range (10<sup>-4</sup> - 10<sup>-6</sup>). Health Risk result indicates communities around the mining area may be at risk of lead poisoning therefore due to high contamination of samples, routine checks on heavy metals especially lead is recommended to prevent excessive bioaccumulation in the body.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21661132001 and 41930758)the Innovative Research Team Development Plan of the Ministry of Education of China(IRT17R56)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYT201802).
文摘Soil contamination with heavy metal(loid)sthreatens soil ecological functions, water quality and foodsafety;the latter is the focus of this review. Cadmium (Cd)and arsenic (As) are the toxic elements of most concern forfood safety because they are relatively easily taken up byfood crops. Rice is a major contributor of both Cd and Asintakes to the Chinese population. Contarmination and soilacidification are the main causes of high Cd levels in ricegrains produced in some areas of southern China. The riskof Cd and As accumulation in food crops can be mitigatedthrough agronomic practices and crop breeding. Liming iseffective and economical at reducing Cd uptake by rice inacid soils. Paddy water management can produce oppositeeffects on Cd and As accumulation. Many genes control-ling Cd and As uptake and translocation have beencharacterized, paving the way to breeding low accumulat-ing crop cultivars through marker- -assisted molecularbreeding or genetic engineering. It is important to protectagricultural soils from future contamination. L ong-termmonitoring of anthropogenic additions and accumulationof heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural soils should beundertaken. Mass-balance models should be constructedto evaluate future trends of metal(loid)s in agricultural soilsat a regional scale.
基金This work was supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Heilongjiang Province,China(GC12C205)the Scientific Foundation of Heilongjiang Academics of Sciences.
文摘Heavy metal(HM)contamination in soils of greenhouse vegetable production(GVP)systems has drawn increasing attention in terms of food safety.In the present study,64 surface soils were sampled,and the concentrations of select HMs were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy.The results showed that the concentrations of cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),zinc(Zn),copper(Cu),nickel(Ni)and chromium(Cr)in the soils were(0.2±0.2)mg/kg,(26.5±8.4)mg/kg,(101.4±43.2)mg/kg,(29.1±8.6)mg/kg,(24.5±3.3)mg/kg,and(56.5±6.3)mg/kg,and the corresponding accumulation index(AI)values were 2.30,1.10,1.43,1.45,1.07,and 0.97,respectively.The spatial distribution of the HMs suggested that Cd pollution displays a fractionation effect,which may be related to the source of Cd and its mobility.The concentration of Zn was significantly correlated with that of other HMs,implying that a comprehensive interactive effect might occur between Zn and other HMs.Furthermore,the values of the potential ecological risk index(RI)ranged from 41.23 to 185.91,meaning that attention should be paid to HM contamination of GVP soils to ensure food quality and safety.
文摘为调查我国主要产区慈姑中重金属污染状况,及时发现质量安全隐患,科学防控水生蔬菜重金属风险,2019—2021年在我国慈姑主产区湖北省、江苏省、浙江省和广西壮族自治区的生产基地连续采集175批次样品,监测7种重金属含量,并采用食品安全指数(index of food safety,IFS)法进行膳食暴露风险评估。结果表明,慈姑样品中重金属总体合格率为98.3%;铜、砷和镉的检出率均达100.0%,铬、铅、镍和汞的检出率分别为78.8%、69.7%、36.6%和20.0%。其中,砷和镉的超标率分别为1.1%和0.6%,2批次砷超标样品和1批次镉超标样品分别来自江苏省、湖北省和广西壮族自治区。从食品安全指数评价结果来看,慈姑中7种重金属的IFS和IFS都远小于1,整体暴露风险处于可接受范围。
