Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization （WTO）, the Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM） reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food...Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization （WTO）, the Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM） reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food safety regulation. China＇s trade policy is reviewed every two years. This paper analyses in detail the reviews of China＇s trade policy in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. It focuses in particular on food safety laws and types of standards, alignment of domestic standards with international standards, the role of different domestic institutions, transparency and notification of food safety measures under the WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures （SPS） and on Technical Barriers to Trade （TBTAgreement）, import and export, and geographical indications （GIs）. It concludes that the WTO TPRM can contribute, within its mandate, to reform of Chinese food safety laws and improvement of food safety in China. it notes that China has already undertaken substantial reforms of its system for regulating food safety. It recommends that China should continue to participate actively in the TPRM, follow its own path with regard to alignment and learn selectively from other WTO Members.展开更多
Food safety standard varies among countries due to their income.The food safety standard in advanced countries has become an export barrier for agricultural products and food from developing countries.How to deal with...Food safety standard varies among countries due to their income.The food safety standard in advanced countries has become an export barrier for agricultural products and food from developing countries.How to deal with the barrier is a challenge for the less developed countries.This paper,approaching the problem from the gap of food safety standard,employs the data of China-EU nuts trade during 1992 to 2013,to analyze the impact of discrepancy of food safety standard on nuts trade.It found that the difference of food safety standard did affect the bilateral nuts trade,i.e.if the standard gap shrinks by lppb or in the case China's MRLs(maximum residue limits)of aflatoxin B1 close to EU's by lppb,China's nuts exports to EU countries would expand by 6.6%.There're two ways to fill the gap,either EU lower its standard or China enhance its standard,the simulation found the effect that China elevate its nuts chemical standard to CAC or international level will exceed that of EU degrading its standard to CAC level.展开更多
This article research the food quality standards covered global and international regulations on food safety and quality, and public and private standards. The effect of global character of food safety and quality sta...This article research the food quality standards covered global and international regulations on food safety and quality, and public and private standards. The effect of global character of food safety and quality standardization shows that the important effect is increasing marginal costs of certification and accreditation, which puts pressure on export company profits in different countries. Main conclusions yield insights into the key following points： Increased food safety has been associated with higher income. Consumers and governments can afford to focus more on reducing food-borne safety risks once basic quantity needs for foods have been met or are in the process of being met. This suggests that policies focused on increasing income are the surest path to improving food safety in all countries. Food safety regulations should be designed to meet the food safety demands of consumers in rich countries and, at the same time, further the interests of both consumers and producers in poor countries.展开更多
Food safety standard draws increasing concerns on agricultural trade throughout the world.This paper aims to assess the impact of maximum residual limit standard（MRL） of chloromycetin on honey exporting from China.T...Food safety standard draws increasing concerns on agricultural trade throughout the world.This paper aims to assess the impact of maximum residual limit standard（MRL） of chloromycetin on honey exporting from China.To achieve this objective,the paper discusses the trends of China＇s honey production and export practices,analyzes changes on MRL of chloromycetin adopted by major importing countries,and use a gravity model to estimate the impact of MRL of chloromycetin on China＇s honey export.The results show that despite the rapid growth of China＇s honey production,honey export has declined significantly since 2000.The major reason of declining honey export was mainly due to the more stringent food safety standards indicated by MRL of chloromycetin imposed by importing countries on their honey imports.展开更多
茶是我国传统优势出口产品,但近年来以欧盟为代表的国家、地区相继出台实施了越来越严格的技术性贸易措施,使我国茶叶出口面临严峻挑战。本文以2020年1月-2024年6月欧盟食品和饲料快速预警系统(rapid alert system for food and feed,RA...茶是我国传统优势出口产品,但近年来以欧盟为代表的国家、地区相继出台实施了越来越严格的技术性贸易措施,使我国茶叶出口面临严峻挑战。本文以2020年1月-2024年6月欧盟食品和饲料快速预警系统(rapid alert system for food and feed,RASFF)对商品茶的通报数据为研究对象,分析了商品茶的安全状况与风险因素。在184例通报中有110例为农药残留问题,占比58%,是最主要的安全风险因素,其中毒死蜱、呋虫胺、唑虫酰胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯和蒽醌等问题最为突出。污染物问题(占比16%)及含有未授权物质或新食品成分(占比18%)也是被通报的主要因素。有15例通报是因含有吡咯里西啶生物碱,对茶中该类物质的要求为欧盟于2023年新增。RASFF通报从一个方面反映了当前茶叶的安全状况,值得引起关注。本文梳理分析了风险因素,并探讨了应对措施,以期为相关行业与监管部门有针对性开展监管提供技术依据,从而有效规避风险、促进贸易。展开更多
The article intends to figure out how agricultural product laws in China could be improved to ensure edible agricultural product safety and reduce potential food trade conflicts. The article first presents the backgro...The article intends to figure out how agricultural product laws in China could be improved to ensure edible agricultural product safety and reduce potential food trade conflicts. The article first presents the background and legal framework for addressing the safety issues of edible agricultural product in China, with the conclusion that market-entry regulation has failed to perform this task. The article moves on to discuss the disadvantages of market-entry regulation （end-control measures） and the necessity of agricultural producing area safety regulation （source-control measures） on the following six aspects： gap between Chinese and Foreign standards, gap between domestic and export markets, small farms and diffused peasants, historical pollution and extrinsic pollution, lack of government enforcement and lack of consumer supervision. To improve agricultural producing area regulation, this article analyzes the primary drawbacks of current laws, primarily including unreasonable prohibited agricultural producing area standards, unclear pollution prevention rules, and regulatory overlaps and gaps. Finally, this article come up with corresponding solutions which contribute to a growing field of scholarship that examines food safety governance issues in the context of developing countries.展开更多
基金Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, ChinaPeking University School of Transnational Law, China
文摘Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization （WTO）, the Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM） reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food safety regulation. China＇s trade policy is reviewed every two years. This paper analyses in detail the reviews of China＇s trade policy in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. It focuses in particular on food safety laws and types of standards, alignment of domestic standards with international standards, the role of different domestic institutions, transparency and notification of food safety measures under the WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures （SPS） and on Technical Barriers to Trade （TBTAgreement）, import and export, and geographical indications （GIs）. It concludes that the WTO TPRM can contribute, within its mandate, to reform of Chinese food safety laws and improvement of food safety in China. it notes that China has already undertaken substantial reforms of its system for regulating food safety. It recommends that China should continue to participate actively in the TPRM, follow its own path with regard to alignment and learn selectively from other WTO Members.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71373154,71303152)Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program(Grant No.15PJC048)
文摘Food safety standard varies among countries due to their income.The food safety standard in advanced countries has become an export barrier for agricultural products and food from developing countries.How to deal with the barrier is a challenge for the less developed countries.This paper,approaching the problem from the gap of food safety standard,employs the data of China-EU nuts trade during 1992 to 2013,to analyze the impact of discrepancy of food safety standard on nuts trade.It found that the difference of food safety standard did affect the bilateral nuts trade,i.e.if the standard gap shrinks by lppb or in the case China's MRLs(maximum residue limits)of aflatoxin B1 close to EU's by lppb,China's nuts exports to EU countries would expand by 6.6%.There're two ways to fill the gap,either EU lower its standard or China enhance its standard,the simulation found the effect that China elevate its nuts chemical standard to CAC or international level will exceed that of EU degrading its standard to CAC level.
文摘This article research the food quality standards covered global and international regulations on food safety and quality, and public and private standards. The effect of global character of food safety and quality standardization shows that the important effect is increasing marginal costs of certification and accreditation, which puts pressure on export company profits in different countries. Main conclusions yield insights into the key following points： Increased food safety has been associated with higher income. Consumers and governments can afford to focus more on reducing food-borne safety risks once basic quantity needs for foods have been met or are in the process of being met. This suggests that policies focused on increasing income are the surest path to improving food safety in all countries. Food safety regulations should be designed to meet the food safety demands of consumers in rich countries and, at the same time, further the interests of both consumers and producers in poor countries.
基金the financial support of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX1-YW-09-04,KACX1-YW-0906)the European Community (227202,NTM-IMPACT044255,SSPE)
文摘Food safety standard draws increasing concerns on agricultural trade throughout the world.This paper aims to assess the impact of maximum residual limit standard（MRL） of chloromycetin on honey exporting from China.To achieve this objective,the paper discusses the trends of China＇s honey production and export practices,analyzes changes on MRL of chloromycetin adopted by major importing countries,and use a gravity model to estimate the impact of MRL of chloromycetin on China＇s honey export.The results show that despite the rapid growth of China＇s honey production,honey export has declined significantly since 2000.The major reason of declining honey export was mainly due to the more stringent food safety standards indicated by MRL of chloromycetin imposed by importing countries on their honey imports.
文摘茶是我国传统优势出口产品,但近年来以欧盟为代表的国家、地区相继出台实施了越来越严格的技术性贸易措施,使我国茶叶出口面临严峻挑战。本文以2020年1月-2024年6月欧盟食品和饲料快速预警系统(rapid alert system for food and feed,RASFF)对商品茶的通报数据为研究对象,分析了商品茶的安全状况与风险因素。在184例通报中有110例为农药残留问题,占比58%,是最主要的安全风险因素,其中毒死蜱、呋虫胺、唑虫酰胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯和蒽醌等问题最为突出。污染物问题(占比16%)及含有未授权物质或新食品成分(占比18%)也是被通报的主要因素。有15例通报是因含有吡咯里西啶生物碱,对茶中该类物质的要求为欧盟于2023年新增。RASFF通报从一个方面反映了当前茶叶的安全状况,值得引起关注。本文梳理分析了风险因素,并探讨了应对措施,以期为相关行业与监管部门有针对性开展监管提供技术依据,从而有效规避风险、促进贸易。
文摘The article intends to figure out how agricultural product laws in China could be improved to ensure edible agricultural product safety and reduce potential food trade conflicts. The article first presents the background and legal framework for addressing the safety issues of edible agricultural product in China, with the conclusion that market-entry regulation has failed to perform this task. The article moves on to discuss the disadvantages of market-entry regulation （end-control measures） and the necessity of agricultural producing area safety regulation （source-control measures） on the following six aspects： gap between Chinese and Foreign standards, gap between domestic and export markets, small farms and diffused peasants, historical pollution and extrinsic pollution, lack of government enforcement and lack of consumer supervision. To improve agricultural producing area regulation, this article analyzes the primary drawbacks of current laws, primarily including unreasonable prohibited agricultural producing area standards, unclear pollution prevention rules, and regulatory overlaps and gaps. Finally, this article come up with corresponding solutions which contribute to a growing field of scholarship that examines food safety governance issues in the context of developing countries.
