Grains are one of the major food staples in the world.The cereal grains are easily susceptible to damage by moisture content,flour beetles and food pathogens during storage,harvesting and post harvesting.Food preserva...Grains are one of the major food staples in the world.The cereal grains are easily susceptible to damage by moisture content,flour beetles and food pathogens during storage,harvesting and post harvesting.Food preservative techniques namely drying,freezing,and dehydration,acquire little advantages.However,they cause few undesirable alterations in the organoleptic and nutritional properties of the preserved food items.Therefore,there is a continuous search for new preservation techniques in food industries,to satisfy the customer demands on the addition of natural food preservatives,devoid of pathogenic contaminants and without changes in organoleptic properties.Essential oils(EOs)have been predicted as“natural food additives”in the preservative process.The synergistic potential of EOs with various nanocarriers plays an emerging role in the food industry.Therefore,the present review has focused on the lipid based nanocarriers,and the methods used for the functionalization or encapsulation of EOs and applications in the preservation of food items such as cooked rice,rice flour,grains,sliced breads have also been discussed.The present review ascertains the antimicrobial significance of active EOs loaded lipid nanocarriers in the form of nano emulsions,solid lipid nanoparticles and liposomes for preserving grains and flours.展开更多
With the increase of global population,grain-population relationship has attracted great attention worldwide.In China,grain-population relationship has become an increasingly important economic concern.Of central impo...With the increase of global population,grain-population relationship has attracted great attention worldwide.In China,grain-population relationship has become an increasingly important economic concern.Of central importance to the food security debate in China is the geography of grain supply and demand.This paper uses a grain demand and supply index (DSR) to analyze the spatial-temporal relationship between population and grain in China from 1949 to 2007 at national and provincial scales.The results are examined in three periods.(1) From 1949 to 2007,with the increase of grain production,the relationship between population and grain of China improved considerably.(2) Over the past 35 years (1970-2005),on the whole the grain producing areas have had grain surplus and contributed to the nation by providing grain,but the ability to provide sufficient grain is not stable.(3) Over the past 15 years (1990-2005),decreases in planting area brought pressure on national grain food security.The paper concludes that the key to providing more food for the main food producing provinces is increasing yield on the basis of steady plant area.展开更多
Objective: The goal of this study was to identify commonly consumed grain food patterns in US adults (≥19 years old;N = 14,384) and compare nutrient intakes, with focus on 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines’ shortfall nut...Objective: The goal of this study was to identify commonly consumed grain food patterns in US adults (≥19 years old;N = 14,384) and compare nutrient intakes, with focus on 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines’ shortfall nutrients, diet quality, and health parameters of those consuming various grain food patterns to those not consuming grains. Methods: This study conducted secondary analyses of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2010. Cluster analysis was used and identified 8 grain patterns: 1) no consumption of main grain groups, 2) crackers and salty snacks, 3) yeast breads and rolls, 4) cakes, cookies, and pies, 5) cereals, 6) pasta, cooked cereals and rice, 7) quick breads, and 8) mixed grains. Results: Adults consuming “cereals”, “pasta, cooked cereals and rice”, and “mixed grains” had a better diet quality compared to no grains. Consuming many, but not all, of the grain food patterns resulted in less saturated fat and lower added sugars. Adults consuming “cereals”, “pasta, cooked cereals and rice” and “quick breads” had greater dietary fiber intake vs. no grains group. Calcium intake was increased in the cereals group, while magnesium intake was greater in adults consuming “cereals” and “pasta, cooked cereals and rice” vs. no grains. Vitamin D (D2 + D3) intake was higher in adults consuming “cereals”, “pasta, cooked cereals and rice”, and “mixed grains” vs. no grain group. Adults consuming “pasta, cooked cereals and rice” had lower body weights (79.1 ± 0.7 vs. 82.5 ± 1.2 kg;P = 0.009) and waist circumference (95.2 ± 0.6 vs. 98.2 ± 1.0 cm;P = 0.004) in comparison to those consuming no grains. Conclusions: Certain grain food patterns are associated with greater 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines’ shortfall nutrients, better diet quality and lower body weights in adults. Additionally, certain grain food patterns are associated with lower intake of nutrients to limit, including saturated fat and added sugars.展开更多
As to China with the characteristic of huge population and limited arable land,grain production has always been the most fundamental issue to national interests and people's livelihood,so China's government co...As to China with the characteristic of huge population and limited arable land,grain production has always been the most fundamental issue to national interests and people's livelihood,so China's government constantly enact food policy to promote and secure grain production. Based on the viewpoint of macro perspective,the paper firstly summarized the historical changes of food policy in China,secondly elaborated the status quo of the food policy,and thirdly made Granger Causality Test for food policy impact on grain production. Granger Causality Test result shows that fiscal expenditure for agriculture is granger cause for growth of grain production,so that it proves the positive role of the food policy on grain production. At last,the paper put forward suggestions for improving food policy in the future.展开更多
China is the world's largest food producer,and it also has the largest food demand. The stability of China's food production directly affects the supply and demand situation of the world food market. In the co...China is the world's largest food producer,and it also has the largest food demand. The stability of China's food production directly affects the supply and demand situation of the world food market. In the context of evolving Chinese agricultural structure,this paper studies the separation of factors of production from grain and issues concerning food safety. It is found that the arable land for food production within agricultural sector continues to flow to non-food production sector while the arable land is shrinking in China; the process of urbanization of population is the main reason for food production workforce reduction,resulting in a decline in the overall quality of the food production labor.By analyzing the panel data estimation results for food production function,it is found that arable land and labor are still important factors for food production in China at present,and their flow out of food production poses a major threat to food production and security.展开更多
基金the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFA0501703)Henan Natural Science (162300410060) to Dongqing Wei+3 种基金Henan University of Technology (21450004 and 21450003)Henan Province Postdoctoral Science grant (001802029 and 001803035) to Satyavani Kaliamurthi and Gurudeeban SelvarajChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M632766) to Gurudeeban SelvarajThe Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2013BAB11B02) to Keren Gu
文摘Grains are one of the major food staples in the world.The cereal grains are easily susceptible to damage by moisture content,flour beetles and food pathogens during storage,harvesting and post harvesting.Food preservative techniques namely drying,freezing,and dehydration,acquire little advantages.However,they cause few undesirable alterations in the organoleptic and nutritional properties of the preserved food items.Therefore,there is a continuous search for new preservation techniques in food industries,to satisfy the customer demands on the addition of natural food preservatives,devoid of pathogenic contaminants and without changes in organoleptic properties.Essential oils(EOs)have been predicted as“natural food additives”in the preservative process.The synergistic potential of EOs with various nanocarriers plays an emerging role in the food industry.Therefore,the present review has focused on the lipid based nanocarriers,and the methods used for the functionalization or encapsulation of EOs and applications in the preservation of food items such as cooked rice,rice flour,grains,sliced breads have also been discussed.The present review ascertains the antimicrobial significance of active EOs loaded lipid nanocarriers in the form of nano emulsions,solid lipid nanoparticles and liposomes for preserving grains and flours.
基金financial support from Education Bureau of Shandong for the research as visiting scholar in the University of Sydney
文摘With the increase of global population,grain-population relationship has attracted great attention worldwide.In China,grain-population relationship has become an increasingly important economic concern.Of central importance to the food security debate in China is the geography of grain supply and demand.This paper uses a grain demand and supply index (DSR) to analyze the spatial-temporal relationship between population and grain in China from 1949 to 2007 at national and provincial scales.The results are examined in three periods.(1) From 1949 to 2007,with the increase of grain production,the relationship between population and grain of China improved considerably.(2) Over the past 35 years (1970-2005),on the whole the grain producing areas have had grain surplus and contributed to the nation by providing grain,but the ability to provide sufficient grain is not stable.(3) Over the past 15 years (1990-2005),decreases in planting area brought pressure on national grain food security.The paper concludes that the key to providing more food for the main food producing provinces is increasing yield on the basis of steady plant area.
文摘Objective: The goal of this study was to identify commonly consumed grain food patterns in US adults (≥19 years old;N = 14,384) and compare nutrient intakes, with focus on 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines’ shortfall nutrients, diet quality, and health parameters of those consuming various grain food patterns to those not consuming grains. Methods: This study conducted secondary analyses of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2010. Cluster analysis was used and identified 8 grain patterns: 1) no consumption of main grain groups, 2) crackers and salty snacks, 3) yeast breads and rolls, 4) cakes, cookies, and pies, 5) cereals, 6) pasta, cooked cereals and rice, 7) quick breads, and 8) mixed grains. Results: Adults consuming “cereals”, “pasta, cooked cereals and rice”, and “mixed grains” had a better diet quality compared to no grains. Consuming many, but not all, of the grain food patterns resulted in less saturated fat and lower added sugars. Adults consuming “cereals”, “pasta, cooked cereals and rice” and “quick breads” had greater dietary fiber intake vs. no grains group. Calcium intake was increased in the cereals group, while magnesium intake was greater in adults consuming “cereals” and “pasta, cooked cereals and rice” vs. no grains. Vitamin D (D2 + D3) intake was higher in adults consuming “cereals”, “pasta, cooked cereals and rice”, and “mixed grains” vs. no grain group. Adults consuming “pasta, cooked cereals and rice” had lower body weights (79.1 ± 0.7 vs. 82.5 ± 1.2 kg;P = 0.009) and waist circumference (95.2 ± 0.6 vs. 98.2 ± 1.0 cm;P = 0.004) in comparison to those consuming no grains. Conclusions: Certain grain food patterns are associated with greater 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines’ shortfall nutrients, better diet quality and lower body weights in adults. Additionally, certain grain food patterns are associated with lower intake of nutrients to limit, including saturated fat and added sugars.
文摘As to China with the characteristic of huge population and limited arable land,grain production has always been the most fundamental issue to national interests and people's livelihood,so China's government constantly enact food policy to promote and secure grain production. Based on the viewpoint of macro perspective,the paper firstly summarized the historical changes of food policy in China,secondly elaborated the status quo of the food policy,and thirdly made Granger Causality Test for food policy impact on grain production. Granger Causality Test result shows that fiscal expenditure for agriculture is granger cause for growth of grain production,so that it proves the positive role of the food policy on grain production. At last,the paper put forward suggestions for improving food policy in the future.
基金Supported by Key Project of the Ministry of EducationCentral Universities Fund(SWU 1509311)
文摘China is the world's largest food producer,and it also has the largest food demand. The stability of China's food production directly affects the supply and demand situation of the world food market. In the context of evolving Chinese agricultural structure,this paper studies the separation of factors of production from grain and issues concerning food safety. It is found that the arable land for food production within agricultural sector continues to flow to non-food production sector while the arable land is shrinking in China; the process of urbanization of population is the main reason for food production workforce reduction,resulting in a decline in the overall quality of the food production labor.By analyzing the panel data estimation results for food production function,it is found that arable land and labor are still important factors for food production in China at present,and their flow out of food production poses a major threat to food production and security.
