A Perspective on Human Exposures to Plastics Additives in Water-Packaging Materials

Plastic and polymer additives (PA) have unique rational advantages for various water and food packaging applications. However, their (bio)chemical natures are recently recognized for their negative human health impacts. The major adverse consequence of these additives in consumer products is in the form of endocrine-disruption related health-downgrades. Such findings still remain underappreciated in most parts globally;part of which could be ascribed to fragmented studies towards better understanding on the occurrence, release and migration, human exposure, epidemiology and risk assessment of PA from packaging materials. In addition there is limited and disconnected dissemination of research findings on PA effects and mitigation measures to society at present. In light of appropriateness of this topic, a trans-disciplinary research agenda is required for addressing exposure routes to PA, human health burden and prevention measures. This perspective article discusses important research questions relating to PA, which try to shed light to a grey scientific area and help increase consumers’ awareness and intervention to such exposures.

Research Status and Prospects of Bio-based Materials for Grease Barrier Coatings on Paper Food Packaging

Increased environmental and health concerns over the use of plastic packaging or fluorine-containing coatings,in combination with increased market demand for products with a longer shelf life,make bio-based materials one of the most important research candidates for alternative paper packaging materials for oil resistance.These bio-based materials have excellent oxygen and oil barriers,which are critical for food packaging.Moreover,they are biodegradable,naturally renewable,and safe.In this artical,two main groups of bio-based oil repellents for paper food packaging,including polysaccharide-based biopolymers and protein-based biopolymers,are enumerated,and the advantages and weaknesses of bio-based oil repellents are discussed,and effective solutions are proposed.Finally,research status and prospects on the development of bio-based oil-resistant coatings for the food packaging industry are presented.

Multi-Component Resource Recycling from Waste Light-Emitting Diode Under Hydrothermal Condition:Plastic Package Degradation,Speciation of Nano-TiO_(2),and Environmental Impact Assessment

Light emitting diodes(LEDs)have accounted for most of the lighting market as the technology matures and costs continue to reduce.As a new type of e-waste,LED is a double-edged sword,as it contains not only precious and rare metals but also organic packaging materials.In previous studies,LED recycling focused on recovering precious and strategic metals while ignoring harmful substances such as organic packaging materials.Unlike crushing and other traditional methods,hydrothermal treatment can provide an environment-friendly process for decomposing packaging materials.This work developed a closed reaction vessel,where the degradation rate of plastic polyphthalamide(PPA)was close to 100%,with nano-TiO_(2)encapsulated in plastic PPA being efficiently recovered,while metals contained in LED were also recycled efficiently.Besides,the role of water in plastic PPA degradation that has been overlooked in current studies was explored and speculated in detail in this work.Environmental impact assessment revealed that the proposed recycling route for waste LED could significantly reduce the overall environmental impact compared to the currently published processes.Especially the developed method could reduce more than half the impact of global warming.Furthermore,this research provides a theoretical basis and a promising method for recycling other plastic-packaged e-waste devices,such as integrated circuits.

Application and safety assessment for nano-composite materials in food packaging

The technical breakthroughs and rapid developments in nanotechnologies enabling goods and products based on nanomaterials (NMs) has come to media and public attention as potentially one of the most significant technological advances of our time. Among these technical applications, nano-composite food packaging, which combines the NMs and conventional packaging, is at the forefront of applications in nanotechnologies, leading the whole industrial chain based on nanotechnologies with high speed development. Taking into account the status of the nano-composites applied in food packaging and present development trends, this review is focused on summarizing the basic applications of the nano-composites in food packaging as well as its risk assessment. The status summaries and the conclusions derived from this review are of benefit to manufacturers which produce the nano-composites used in food packaging, to general consumers and to governmental administration entities.

Biobased materials for food packaging

Consumers prefer foods that are healthier with high quality and safety.Food packaging are de-manded to effectively extend the shelf-life,preserve the nutrients and decrease the microbial contamination during the transport and storage of food.With the increasing concern on the envi-ronmental impacts caused by food packaging wastes,sustainable and green packaging are highly demanded to minimize the harmful effects of food packaging waste on the environment.Bio-based materials are derived from sustainable and renewable biomass,instead of finite petrochemicals.The applications of bio-based materials for food packaging are highlighted in this review.The emphasis is placed on the categories of related biobased materials,their characteristics and ad-vantages for food packaging,as well as the strategies used to improve their performances.Though a lot of trials have been done on biobased materials for food packaging,further attempts to im-prove their performances,understand the functioning mechanisms and develop greener methods for the production,processing and destiny of these bio-based materials are still highly needed for the future research.

Development of Ficus carica Linn leaves extract incorporated chitosan films for active food packaging materials and investigation of their properties

The serious problems caused by extensive usage of petroleum-based plastic materials led to investigating the comprehensive studies and developing active food packaging materials.Even if the chitosan-based films are considered an attractive source,they exhibit some practical difficulties in developing active food packaging applications.Hence,Ficus carica Linn leaves extract(FLE),with the features of its cheapness,easy accessibility and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity,was incorporated into chitosan(CS)film at various concentrations(2%-6%w/w).To the best of our knowledge,this was the first time that FLE was utilized as a bioactive substance incorporated into chitosan films to develop eco-friendly,biodegradable,active food packaging material.The results obtained revealed that FLE incorporation into chitosan films significantly improved the swelling,water solubility and opacity of neat chitosan films.FTIR and morphological analysis indicated that the films produced exhibited smooth structure with homogenous dispersion of FLE.In mechanically,the addition of FLE resulted in a significant reduction in tensile strength while the elasticity of the films was improved.Additionally,the antioxidant and biodegradability properties of neat chitosan films were enhanced significantly.It was concluded that CS-FLE films appeared to be a capable and enhanced option for synthetic polymer-based food packaging materials.Based on the analyses performed,further studies are suggested on the packaging application for various foods and to evaluate the possible interaction of packaging film materials with the compounds of the food products,to avoid possible negative effects.

Association between Phthalate Exposure and the Use of Plastic Containers in Shanghai Adults

Objective Consuming phthalates may be due to the presence of food contact materials, such as plastic containers. In this study, we investigated the association between plastic container use and phthalate exposure in 2,140 Shanghai adults. Methods Participants completed a questionnaire on the frequency of using plastic containers in different scenarios in the previous year （e.g., daily, weekly） and on the consumption of plastic-packaged foods in the previous three days （yes or no）. Urinary phthalate metabolites were used to assess the association between phthalate exposure and the use of plastic containers. Results The metabolites of di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP） were the most frequently detected in urine. The results revealed that phthalate exposure was associated with consumption of plastic-packaged breakfast or processed food items in the previous three days. The consumption of these two food items had strong synergistic effects on increasing urinary concentrations of most phthalate metabolites. Conclusion Our results of plastic-packaged breakfast and processed food may be explained by the use of flexible plastic containers, indicating the importance of risk assessment for the application of flexible plastic containers.

纤维素纳米纤维复合膜的制备及其作为食品包装材料的优异性能研究进展

近年来,塑料包装的大量使用造成了严重的环境污染。随着人们环保意识的提升,开发可生物降解的新型食品包装材料以替代传统石油基塑料已成为研究热点。纤维素纳米纤维(cellulose nanofibrils,CNF)因其高比表面积、高弹性模量、高强度和高气体阻隔性等优异性能而受到研究者们广泛青睐。本文总结了CNF及其相关复合膜的制备方法,讨论了CNF复合膜作为食品包装材料的机械性能、阻隔性能、抑菌性能、可降解性及响应性能。最后,提出CNF应用于食品包装领域所面临的挑战,旨在为未来生产纳米纤维素食品包装材料代替传统石油基材提供参考。

外卖餐具中16种合成酚类抗氧化剂的含量及迁移分析

目的测定外卖餐具中16种合成酚类抗氧化剂(synthetic phenolic antioxidants,SPAs)的含量,分析外卖餐具中这类污染物的迁移行为。方法本研究通过液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法和气相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法,测定了6大类不同品牌外卖餐具中16种SPAs的含量。分别以纯净水、4%醋酸(V/V)、10%乙醇水溶液(V/V)、50%乙醇水溶液(V/V)和95%乙醇水溶液(V/V)为食品模拟物,开展不同品牌外卖餐具中主要SPAs的迁移实验。结果外卖餐具中均可以检出1种以上SPAs,其中2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚及其代谢物的含量和检出率最高,2,4-二叔丁基苯酚和新兴化合物2,2’-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)次之,然而2,4-二叔丁基苯酚是外卖餐具最主要的迁移物。结论外卖餐具中合成酚类抗氧化剂广泛存在。2,4-二叔丁基苯酚在外卖餐具中大量迁出,其健康危害需要引起足够关注。

纸代塑涂层技术在环保食品包装领域的应用研究

在环保理念指引下,纸质包装因其可循环再利用特性,正逐步成为首选。其独特的材料特性为包装设计提供了丰富的创新空间,不仅增强了包装的视觉吸引力,还实现了实用性与审美性的融合。面对传统纸质包装的局限性,可采用先进的纸代塑涂层技术,研发出新型环保包装材料。这种材料不但符合物理和食品安全标准,而且省去了多层复合工艺,实现了无氟、无塑的环保目标,具备易回收和可降解的特点,标志着包装材料领域的一大进步。

抑菌硅橡胶泡沫食品包装材料的制备与研究

目的旨在开发一种新型硅橡胶基抑菌包装材料,用于食品包装领域。该材料具备可控的发泡倍率、疏水性、优异的拉伸性能和高效的抑菌性能。方法通过调整乙烯基硅油、含氢硅油和羟基硅油的配比,优化硅橡胶的交联和发泡工艺,在硅橡胶基材中引入纳米银颗粒作为抑菌剂,提升包装的抑菌效果。对材料的发泡倍率、吸水性、抑菌性能等进行综合评估。结果所制备的硅橡胶材料发泡倍率可在2~3倍范围内调控,且具有优异的疏水性,吸水率低于0.1%。抑菌实验结果显示,材料对大肠杆菌具有91.4%的抑制效果,对金黄色葡萄球菌有88.46%的抑制效果。结论本研究成功开发了一种符合食品包装要求的硅橡胶基抑菌材料。该材料的这些特性使其在食品包装领域具有广泛的应用潜力,特别是在需要防潮、抑菌和提高包装可靠性的场景中。

药包材密度测定能力验证结果与分析

目的提高药品包装材料(简称药包材)检测的质控能力。方法根据中国合格评定国家认可委员会(CNAS)相关文件要求,委托药包材生产企业制备样品。实验室按2020年版《中国药典(四部)》通则4012药包材密度测定法对样品进行能力验证试验,将均匀性和运输稳定性试验合格的样品随机发放给参加能力验证的41家机构,回收评定结果,采用z比分数评价实验室的测定能力。结果参加该次能力验证的41家机构中,40家机构的能力验证结果评定为满意,满意率为97.56%,满意结果范围为0.945~0.951 g/cm3。结论绝大部分实验室具备使用药包材密度测定法测定塑料密度的能力。

浅析材料与工艺对化妆品包装设计的影响

分析现有化妆品包装材料的现有状况,追溯其发展历程,并探讨新材料的应用情况及对化妆品包装设计的影响。采用文献综述和实地观察相结合的研究方法,梳理了化妆品包装材料的发展趋势和技术特点。新的工艺技术的引入也为包装设计带来了更多的创新可能性,这有助于提高包装设计的质量与艺术性,并促进消费者对产品的认同感和购买欲望。在化妆品包装使用中,选择合适的材料和工艺是实现包装功能、追求艺术效果和满足可持续发展要求的关键。

塑料包装材料表面大肠杆菌污染的荧光高光谱检测

本研究基于荧光高光谱技术,采用365 nm波段紫外光作为激发光源,获得塑料包装表面421~700 nm波段范围内的荧光高光谱图像,确定多种塑料包装材料(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺)表面大肠杆菌污染的荧光特征光谱,并确定生物膜检测限。结果表明,聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚酰胺表面大肠杆菌荧光光谱特征波长分别位于550、543、540 nm;基于上述特征波长处的单波段图像经过处理能够准确检出3种塑料包装材料表面的大肠杆菌接种点,检出率均大于98%;对聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚酰胺表面大肠杆菌生物膜的检测限分别为1.39、1.39(lg(CFU/cm^(2)))和1.59(lg(CFU/cm^(2)))。本研究可为包装食品微生物检测及食品安全监控提供有力的技术手段和理论支持。

壳聚糖纳米复合食品包装抗菌材料研究进展

基于壳聚糖纳米复合抗菌材料在食品包装中的应用潜力,介绍了壳聚糖薄膜材料的制备方法,综述了壳聚糖与银纳米粒子、氧化镁、氧化锌、二氧化钛、二氧化硅、碳酸钙等纳米材料复合制备复合抗菌材料的研究进展,指出壳聚糖是性能优异的食品包装材料,但是壳聚糖复合薄膜还存在机械强度低、阻隔性能差、抗氧化性弱和水溶性差等缺点。溶液流延法是简单方便且使用广泛的制备壳聚糖复合薄膜的方法;层层挤出法制备的壳聚糖复合薄膜具有良好的机械性能和热稳定性;与纯壳聚糖薄膜相比,壳聚糖与纳米材料复合制备的复合薄膜具有更好的抗菌性能。未来应加强对壳聚糖纳米复合食品包装抗菌材料安全性以及制备方法的研究,推动壳聚糖纳米复合材料的规模化生产和在食品包装中的应用。

可生物降解纳米材料在食品包装中的研究进展

日益严峻的全球环境问题和日益紧缺的资源给食品包装材料的开发与利用提出了挑战。为进一步推动可生物降解包装材料在食品包装中的应用,对与纳米技术相结合、可生物降解的食品包装的制备原料、主要性能及其在食品保鲜、抗菌、延长货架期的方法和效果进行了综述。纳米材料独特的生物相容性好、利于化学修饰和小尺寸效应等优势与生物可降解性相结合可促进食品包装的功能强化和应用的拓宽。

再生纤维素食品包装材料应用进展及法规研究

目的归纳总结再生纤维素基材料在食品包装行业的研究进展及各国法规情况,以促进再生纤维素在食品包装领域的应用和发展,同时确保其符合相关法规和标准,保障食品安全。方法对再生纤维素概况及制备方法进行简要介绍,对再生纤维素在食品包装领域的研究进行详细综述,对再生纤维素在食品包装领域的应用前景及存在的困难进行总结及展望。结果溶解与再生在再生纤维素制备过程中发挥着至关重要的作用;再生纤维素已经在抗菌、防腐、抗紫外线及抗水蒸气阻隔食品包装领域取得了一定的研究进展;目前不同国家和地区已经制定了相关的法规但仍存在一定差异。结论再生纤维素已经成为新型包装材料的有力候选者之一,但仍需要在制备方法、法规制定等方面进行改进,以推动再生纤维素行业的持续健康增长和创新。

应用于食品领域的纸基功能性包装材料研究进展

纸基功能性包装材料成本低廉、环境友好,在食品包装领域引起了广泛关注,但其应用仍存在一定的问题。本文系统地综述了应用于食品领域的纸基功能性包装材料的研究进展,探究其实用性,重点总结了应用于食品领域的纸基功能性包装材料在疏水、疏油、抗菌以及智能检测方面的发展趋势,为食品包装领域纸基功能性材料的开发提供理论依据。

食品接触用多层复合包装中迁移物质的非靶向筛查和风险评价

目的以食品接触用纸/铝/塑复合包装为研究对象,结合应用非靶向高通量筛查技术和安全风险评价方法,全面研究这类多层复合包装在接触食品过程中的迁移风险。方法采用顶空气相色谱-串联质谱、气相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱和液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱全面筛查食品接触用纸/铝/塑复合包装在不同迁移条件下的挥发性、半挥发性和非挥发性迁移物质,基于商业数据库、实验室自建库及行业信息解析物质化学结构及可能来源,利用内标半定量迁移水平,结合国内外食品接触材料法规和安全风险评估方法进行符合性评价及风险评价。结果20批纸/铝/塑复合食品包装在体积分数为4%的乙酸模拟物中未发现迁移风险,在体积分数为95%的乙醇模拟物中共计检出35种物质,可能源于溶剂、抗氧剂、爽滑剂、低聚物、抗氧剂氧化/降解产物等物质。其中,33种物质经法规评估及毒理学评估,显示风险较低;其余2类聚烯烃低聚物因结构难以确定、缺乏毒理学研究建议持续关注毒理学研究进展及国内外法律法规动态。结论通过结合应用非靶向高通量筛查技术和安全风险评估方法研究表明,在通常的使用条件下,纸/铝/塑多层复合包装用于盛装果汁等水性食品时不存在安全风险,但接触高乙醇含量或油脂类食品时建议关注聚烯烃类低聚物的迁移安全性。

塑料食品包装中受限物质检测研究进展

食品安全问题关系国计民生,近年来食品安全质量有了明显提高,但容易忽视却现实存在的食品安全隐患即食品接触材料,尤其是大量使用的塑料食品包装材料中有害物质迁移到食品中对食用者造成的潜在危害无时不在。本文综述了塑料食品包装材料中4大类添加剂,包括增塑剂、紫外线吸收剂、抗氧化剂、荧光增白剂4类受限物质迁移至食品及食品模拟液中的风险及存在的安全问题、食品模拟物及迁移试验、受限物质检测研究现状,比较了我国与发达国家关于食品接触材料受限物质的法律法规及迁移限量,提出制备受限物质质控标准品对受限物质检测准确性和风险评估的重要性等。本文对加强我国塑料食品接触材料中受限物质的使用与监管、检测结果的方法学验证技术的开发,塑料食品接触材料添加剂的使用范围、使用限量及受限物质迁移限量值的制定,及对基于受限物质的食品安全风险评估等均具有明确的参考意义和数据支持。