Identification of Antioxidant Additives in Food Products Sold in Dakar Markets

The use of food additives in industrial production has the advantage of improving sensory properties, technological quality and extending the shelf life of foods. Among the most widely used additives are antioxidants, which prevent oxidation, browning and rancidity reactions in foods. However, the strong presence of these additives on the market is not without risks for human health, and should be controlled to guarantee food safety. Analysis of the risks associated with consumption of foods containing these additives requires, among other things, information on the frequency of use of these additives in various consumer products. The aim of this study is therefore to identify the antioxidants present in industrial food products distributed in Dakar. The methodology adopted consists of a qualitative analysis based on the identification of additives from food labels. Investigations were carried out in 9 stores, 4 superettes and 2 supermarkets located in different districts of Dakar. The results revealed the presence of 12 antioxidant additives, dominated by citric acid (53%) and ascorbic acid (29%). These studies have also highlighted the simultaneous use of several antioxidants in the same food product. Moreover, for some artificial antioxidants identified antioxydant such as BHA and BHT, health risks are associated with their consumption. The results of this study open up prospects for the development of information databases on food additives.

Trends of Laboratory-Detected Heavy Metals in Children: Solutions for Heavy Metal Contamination in Infant Food Products

In 2019, an investigation by the U.S. House of Representatives revealed major infant food conglomerates had products with high levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury, posing concerns for infants’ vulnerability to the neurotoxic effects of these metals. Trends of laboratory-detected heavy metals were analyzed in children aged zero to five from 1999-2020, providing insights on heavy metal contamination in infant food products. Utilizing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, mean heavy metal levels in children were calculated, considering gender, race, and income-to-poverty ratio as proxies for assessing associations with increasing heavy metal rates in infant food. Findings indicated an overall decrease in mean concentrations over time, though remaining elevated. Black children exhibited higher lead levels than the overall average, while the Asian subgroup displayed higher levels of total blood mercury and cadmium levels. Lack of internal standards in regulatory bodies, particularly the FDA, exacerbates the issue, with no legally enforceable guidelines or strict maximum levels for heavy metals in infant foods. Urgent FDA interventions are needed, addressing contamination at the sources of raw materials, implementing transparent and extensive product testing, and comprehensive manufacturer labeling to inform consumers about elevated heavy metal levels in infant products.

Rheological aspects of dysphagia-oriented food products:A mini review

Dysphagia is a symptom,commonly found in healthcare residents and the elderly,may lead to undernutrition and negative effects on quality of life.Providing special food products that cannot only be swallowed by patients but also meet nutritional requirements is a challenge for food rheologists and healthcare staff.The purpose of this paper was to review the literature on rheological aspects of dysphagia-oriented products.Also,some suggestions were proposed for better exploitation of rheological data in the field of dysphagia-rheology.©2013 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

Development of an analytical method for multi-residue quantification of 18 anthelmintics in various animal-based food products using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

In this study,we developed a simple screening procedure for the determination of 18 anthelmintics(including benzimidazoles,macrocyclic lactones,salicylanilides,substituted phenols,tetrahydropyrimidines,and imidazothiazoles)in five animal-derived food matrices(chicken muscle,pork,beef,milk,and egg)using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Analytes were extracted using acetonitrile/1% acetic acid(milk and egg)and acetonitrile/1% acetic acid with 0.5 mL of distilled water(chicken muscle,pork,and beef),and purified using saturated n-hexane/acetonitrile.A reversed-phase analytical column and a mobile phase consisting of(A)10 mM ammonium formate in distilled water and(B)methanol were used to achieve optimal chromatographic separation.Matrix-matched standard calibration curves(R^(2)≥0.9752)were obtained for concentration equivalent to ×1/2,×1,×2,×3,×4,and×5 fold the maximum residue limit(MRL)stipulated by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.Recoveries of 61.2e118.4%,with relative standard deviations(RSDs)of ≤19.9%(intraday and interday),were obtained for each sample at three spiking concentrations(×1/2,×1,and ×2 the MRL values).Limits of detection,limits of quantification,and matrix effects were 0.02e5.5 mg/kg,0.06e10 mg/kg,and -98.8 to 13.9%(at 20 μg/kg),respectively.In five samples of each food matrix(chicken muscle,pork,beef,milk,and egg)purchased from large retailers in Seoul that were tested,none of the target analytes were detected.It has therefore been shown that this protocol is adaptable,accurate,and precise for the quantification of anthelmintic residues in foods of animal origin.

Probiotics Potential of Yeast and Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermented Foods and the Impact of Processing: A Review of Indigenous and Continental Food Products

Probiotics have become essential in food safety and health discourse with interest in their availability, stability, nutrition, and health implications. In this paper, an overview of probiotics of yeast and lactic acid, bacterial fermented food is presented. Probiotics of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp.’s activities and processes within the human intestinal system are examined. Yeast and lactic acid bacterial (LAB) fermented foods from classified food groups such as vegetables, cereals, and grains, soybean, milk, fish, meat, and beverages are examined. This paper focuses on probiotic (microorganism) strains identified with food and their potential health and nutrition benefits. Finally, the impact of processing parameters and non-process factors on probiotics potential in fermented food is investigated.

Data quality assessment for studies investigating microplastics and nanoplastics in food products: Are current data reliable?

Data on the occurrence of microplastics and nanoplastics(MP/NPs)in foods have been used to assess the human health risk caused by the consumption of MP/NPs.The reliability of the data,however,remains unclear because of the lack of international standards for the analysis of MP/NPs in foods.Therefore,the data quality needs to be assessed for accurate health risk assessment.This study developed 10 criteria applicable to the quality assessment of data on MP/NPs in foods.Accordingly,the reliability of 71 data records(69 of them only focused on MPs)was assessed by assigning a score of 2(reliable without restrictions),1(reliable but with restrictions),or 0(unreliable)on each criterion.The results showed that only three data records scored 2 or 1 on all criteria,and six data records scored 0 on as many as six criteria.A total of 58 data records did not include information on positive controls,and 12 data records did not conduct the polymer identification,which could result in the overestimation or underestimation of MP/NPs.Our results also indicated that the data quality of unprocessed foods was more reliable than that of processed foods.Furthermore,we proposed a quality assurance and quality control protocol to investigate MP/NPs in foods.Notably,the characteristics of MP/NPs used in toxicological studies and those existing in foods showed a remarkable discrepancy,causing the uncertainty of health risk assessment.Therefore,both the estimated exposure of MP/NPs and the claimed potential health risks should be treated with caution.

Study and comparison of various image edge detection techniques used in quality inspection and evaluation of agricultural and food products by computer vision

Edges characterize boundaries and are therefore a problem of fundamental importance in quality assessment of agricultural and food products.Since edge detection is in the forefront of computer vision system for detection of vegetables,fruits and food grains needs to quality inspection and evaluation,it is crucial to have a good understanding of edge detection algorithms.In this paper the comparative analysis of various image edge detection techniques is presented.The software is developed using MATLAB 7.6.It has been shown that the Canny’s edge detection algorithm performs better than all operators(i.e.LoG,Robert,Prewitt and Sobel)under almost all scenarios.

Effect of temperature on milk fats of cow,buffalo,and goat used for frying local food products

Objectives:Thermal processes,such as refining and frying,result in the formation of trans fatty acids(TFAs)in edible oils or fats.Concerning the detrimental effect of TFAs on human health,milk fat samples of cow,buffalo,and goat are collected in order to elucidate TFAs accumulation during thermal processing.Methods:The increased amount of TFAs due to heating is analyzed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy in conjunction with second-derivative treatment and gas chromatographic(GC)analysis.Results:The total amount of TFAs has been increased from 7.71 to 8.25 per cent for cow milk fat,7.12 to 7.82 per cent for buffalo milk fat,and from 6.82 to 7.61 per cent for goat milk fat on heating the samples to 125°C-175°C as predicted by GC.Conclusions:Local food products fried in these milk fats are hence very harmful to human health.These results demonstrate that thermally induced TFAs in milk fats are closely related to the process temperature and time,which should be considered to reduce the formation of TFAs during thermal treatment.

Safety assessment of condensed phosphate intake from fishery and processed marine food products in Korea with respect to gender,age,and region

Condensed phosphates are used as food additives,especially in marine products and meat,to improve food quality.The import and consumption of fishery and processed marine food products in Republic of Korea have reportedly increased by~5 per cent annually.However,processed marine food products are often intentionally adulterated with excessive amounts of condensed phosphates to increase their weight.Excessive intake of condensed phosphates via consuming processed marine food products can lead to various adverse effects on human health due to anionic imbalance.Herein,we conducted a safety assessment of condensed phosphates in 14 types of fishery and processed marine food products in Korea for the first time.Subgroup analysis of various factors including gender,age,and region was also performed,and the risk level of exposure for each group was estimated.Safety assessments by age and gender indicated that infants were at the highest risk.In the regional safety assessment,Chungnam,the most inland region,showed the lowest risk.For both the general and the high-intake groups(95th percentile)in all classifications,the risk was lower(<20 per cent)than the international standard,and the phosphorus content of the 14 types of processed marine products in Korea was confirmed to be safe for human consumption.

New development of whey protein products as nutritional food ingredients

Whey protein products provided ideal ingredients for nutritional food applications.Whey proteins are known to have high nutritional quality due to their high content of essential amino acids,high digestibility and biological value.Research in the past decades has shown that many of the whey protein fractions and peptides derived from them possess various biological activities.The technology developments in the last decade,such as those in the areas of protein fractionation technologies have made industrial scale production of fractionated whey protein products commercially feasible.The development in hydrolysis technology and the peptide analytical capability allowed production of whey protein hydrolysates with designed bioactivity and functionalities.People are continuously finding new biological activities of the various whey protein fractions or their hydrolysis products.Significant amount of research has also been carried out to study the clinical benefits of some of the whey protein fractions and whey protein derived peptides.Examples of these studies will be reviewed and discussed.

Promoting grain production through high-standard farmland construction:Evidence in China

Food security is a strategic priority for a country’s economic development.In China,high-standard farmland construction(HSFC)is an important initiative to stabilize grain production and increase grain production capacity.Based on panel data from 31 sample provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities in China from 2005–2017,this study explored the impact of HSFC on grain yield using the difference-in-differences(DID)method.The results showed that HSFC significantly increased total grain production,which is robust to various checks.HSFC increased grain yield through three potential mechanisms.First,it could increase the grain replanting index.Second,it could effectively reduce yield loss due to droughts and floods.Last,HSFC could strengthen the cultivated land by renovating the low-and medium-yielding fields.Heterogeneity analysis found that the HSFC farmland showed a significant increase in grain yield only in the main grain-producing areas and balanced areas.In addition,HSFC significantly increased the yields of rice,wheat,and maize while leading to a reduction in soybean yields.The findings suggest the government should continue to promote HSFC,improve construction standards,and strictly control the“non-agriculturalization”and“non-coordination”of farmland to increase grain production further.At the same time,market mechanisms should be used to incentivize soybean farming,improve returns and stabilize soybean yields.

Effectiveness of traffic light system on Brazilian consumers perception of food healthfulness

Front-of-package(FOP)nutrition labelling schemes were developed to improve consumer’s comprehension about the food nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases(NCDs).Several FOPs have already been developed,and Brazil is in the process of evaluating a scheme to introduce in the products.The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of TLS,the scheme proposed by the food industry,on the product healthfulness perception.A study with 141 participants was carried out.A conjoint task was designed considering three categories and levels:types of dairy products(light yogurt,prato cheese,and chocolate flavoured milk),Traffic Light System(yes vs.no)and brand(well-known vs.unknown).The effect of TLS on perceived healthfulness was evaluated using a 9-point scales(1:not healthy;9:very healthy).Results showed that the inclusion of TLS did not influence the perceived healthfulness of the products by consumers,even among consumers with higher interest in healthy eating.These findings suggest that the proposal supported by the food industry does not seem to be the most appropriate,being recommended the development of further studies to compare the efficacy of TLS and other FOP schemes.

Utilization of Small Size Bolti (<i>Talibia nilotica</i>) and Sardine (<i>Sardina pilchardus</i>) Fish in Preparing Canned Weaning Food Purees

Utilize small size of bolti and sardine fish in preparing fish based weaning foods rich in protein, essential amino acids, fat high in omega 3 fatty acids, minerals and vitamins was investigated. The proximate composition, nutritional value, physical and sensorial properties were evaluated, The results of the chemical composition showed that the moisture content of fish based weaning food purees ranged from 67.73% to 72.05%. On dry weight basis, the five prepared formulations considered rich in protein (37.39% - 44.86%), fat (26.55% - 30.43%), ash (6.53% - 12.23%) and low in carbohydrates (20.70% - 22.18%). Using fish bones with muscles in preparing weaning food puree caused a marked rise in its content of Ca, P, Fe, and Zn levels especially in purees formulated from bolti. Weaning food purees containing sardine fish rich, in fat, were higher in vitamin A and D than those formulated from bolti one. Palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and myristic acid (C14:0) represented the major saturated fatty acids in the prepared formulations. Weaning food purees containing sardine fish had relatively higher levels of sulfur-containing amino acids and slight lower values of lysine, alanine and glycine than these including bolti fish. The In vitro protein digestibility index (IVPDI) of the different formulations was found to be 100%. The visual colour of such products can be described as yellowish. Except hardness, the other texture characteristics;cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness of the weaning food purees did not significantly change. The children’s mothers accepted the appearance, flavor, and mouth feel of all weaning food purees prepared in this study.

How Could Agricultural Land Systems Contribute to Raise Food Production Under Global Change?

To feed the increasing world population, more food needs to be produced from agricultural land systems. Solutions to produce more food with fewer resources while minimizing adverse environmental and ecological consequences require sustainable agricultural land use practices as supplementary to advanced biotechnology and agronomy. This review paper, from a land system perspective, systematically proposed and analyzed three interactive strategies that could possibly raise future food production under global change. By reviewing the current literatures, we suggest that cropland expansion is less possible amid iferce land competition, and it is likely to do less in increasing food production. Moreover, properly allocating crops in space and time is a practical way to ensure food production. Climate change, dietary shifts, and other socio-economic drivers, which would shape the demand and supply side of food systems, should be taken into consideration during the decision-making on rational land management in respect of sustainable crop choice and allocation. And ifnally, crop-speciifc agricultural intensiifcation would play a bigger role in raising future food production either by increasing the yield per unit area of individual crops or by increasing the number of crops sown on a particular area of land. Yet, only when it is done sustainably is this a much more effective strategy to maximize food production by closing yield and harvest gaps.

Air pollution, food production and food security: A review from the perspective of food system

Air pollution negatively impacts food security. This paper reviews the current literature on the relationship between air pollution and food security from the perspective of food system. It highlights that agricultural emissions which substantially contribute to air pollution could happen at every stage along the food supply chain. Meanwhile, air pollution can not only affect plant growth and animal health but also shift market equilibrium of both agro-inputs and outputs in the food supply chain and thereby affect food security indirectly. Furthermore, this study evaluates the effects of agricultural policy and energy policy on food security and air pollution, respectively, and provides an overview of potential policy instruments to reduce air pollution while ensuring food security. Finally, we identify the remaining research and policy issues for further studies, mainly focusing on the study of household＇s bounded rational behaviors and the issue of rural aging population.

Validation of a HPLC Method for Determination of Glutamine in Food Additives Using Post-Column Derivatization

An ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) followed by post-column derivatization method was validated for the determination of glutamine in food additive products. The chromatographic method was carried out on a sodium cation-exchange column and using detection at 570 nm. The mobile phase consisted of sodium eluant, pH 3.15, with 5% sulfolane, sodium eluant, pH 7.40 and sodium column regenerant. The method was linear in the range of 4 - 50 μg/mL (r2 = 0.9999). The accuracy was 99.78%. Moreover, method validation demonstrated acceptable results for precision and robustness. The method was found to be able to use for routine analysis of the glutamine.

Financial Innovation Way of Avoiding Risk of Climate Disasters in Food Production:Weather Index Insurance

Climate change will lead to a variety of climate disasters, and climate disasters have a greater impact on China＇s food production. Weather index insurance is a new financial way to avoid risk of climate disasters effectively in China＇s food production. Firstly, the relationship between weather index insurance and food production in China was elaborated, and then the development status, advantages and disadvantages of weather index insurance in China at present were analyzed. Finally, some countermeasures against the problems of weather index insurance in China were put forward.

Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Urbanization Development on Food Production

In order to clarify the impact of urbanization development on food production,based on panel data from 31 provinces(municipalities,autonomous regions)in China from 2005 to 2015,using a fixed effect model,the paper found that the urbanization rate has a negative impact on per capita food production,and finally made the related policy recommendations.The above research is of significance for promoting the development of urbanization and ensuring food security.

Factors Influencing Attitude towards Technology Adoption among Permanent Food Production Park (PFPP) Program Participants in West Malaysia

The study explores the factors influencing attitude towards agricultural technology adoption among Permanent Food Production Park(PFPP)program participants in West Malaysia and the factors that influence their attitudes.The PFPP program is one of the programs introduced by the government of Malaysia with the objectives of increasing food production,as well as supporting local agriculture entrepreneurs.The study employed a cross-sectional study design and has been conducted in four West Malaysian states with a sample of size of 275 respondents.The results indicated that the respondents had a positive attitude towards technology adoption and factors such as knowledge and skill,benefit,education level,years of experience in agriculture and gross income had influenced their attitude.