Space-Time Cognition Contrast between English and Chinese Reflected Through Plant Metaphor Translation

This paper intends to demonstrate the differences in space-time cognition by contrasting the English translations of Chinese PLANT metaphors composed by English and Chinese translators.The materials used for analysis are two English versions of the classic Chinese novel Dream of the Red Mansion translated by David Hawks and Yang Xianyi.The paper hypothesizes that Chinese is more space-oriented in plant conceptualization,while English is more time-oriented.We analyzed the cognitive reasons behind different translation strategies adopted for the same PLANT metaphor and verified the deduction from example analysis in the corpus.The typical PLANT metaphor analyzed in the research is the“root”metaphor.The results indicate that most Chinese“root”metaphors are“double-imaged”metonymic metaphors,which rely on the hierarchical correlation between plant components and the accumulation of spacial characteristics through multiple metonymies embedded in metaphorical projection.On the contrary,the conceptualization of“root”and“plant”in English pay more attention to the dynamic growth of the plant rather than the spacial relations between different parts.

Food Metaphor:Reading Food in Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies

The depiction of food and foodways abounds in Indian American writer Jhumpa Lahiri’s Pulitzer Prize winning debut Interpreter of Maladies,creating an enticing element to arrest readers’attention.In this collection of short stories,Lahiri uses food as a means to navigate alienation and affection,as a conduit to recapture and relive old memories,and as a vehicle to articulate cultural construction of a new identity.Her manoeuvre of culinary writing is so adept that each item of food constitutes a situation to signal deep-hidden meaning beneath its surface information.Thus food becomes signs or metaphors of overseas Indian diasporic experience.

College Students' Cognition of Genetically Modified Foods

In order to have knowledge about the college students'awareness and acceptance of genetically modified foods and their attitudes toward the identification of genetically modified foods and the government's regulation,we conduct a questionnaire survey of 150 college students'cognition of genetically modified foods in North College Town of Zhengzhou City.The results show that the college students have a certain understanding of genetically modified foods,but the cognition level is low;electronic media has become the main channel for the current college students to know the information about genetically modified foods;for security reasons,the majority of college students are wary of genetically modified foods,and pay more attention to whether there is genetically modified component in the foods labeling;college students generally believe that the government should strengthen the supervision of genetically modified foods,and make the GM labeling system strict,to protect consumers'right to know and choice.

Viewing on similarities in metaphors in cross-cultural communication from the perspective of cognition

Modern cognitive linguistics claims that metaphor should not be studied simply as a rhetorical device of language, but be associated with mankind＇s cognitive process, because it reflects the relationship between language and thought and cognition. Owing to this common cognitive basis, metaphors of different languages and cultures have some similarities. The specific examples of metaphors, both in English and Chinese, will be compared to find out their similarities, thus providing the evidence for the cognitive basis of metaphors.

Book Review: Metaphor: Embodied Cognition and Discourse Edited by Beate Hampe Cambridge University Press (2017) UK xii+369 pp. ISBN 9781108187480

The book under review presents a comprehensive investigation into Metaphor theories from perspectives of embodied cognition and discourse.After sketching dimensions and dynamics of contemporary metaphor theories in the first part,it presents and evaluates metaphor in cognition by analyzing sources and target of the primary metaphor theory,the hierarchical structure of mental metaphors,metaphorical directionality and body schema in metaphorical cognition.Investigations of sign systems,modalities,contextualized discourse interaction patterns,embodied metonymy are included in the third part.And metaphor in discourse in detailed research with multiple related topics is in the fourth part.The embodied and discourse views of metaphor are highlighted in the epilogue,and it points out that one’s preferred level of analysis argues against the relevance of other perspectives on metaphor performance by using different methods.

An Analysis of Love Metaphor LOVE IS A JOURNEY from the Perspective of Cognition

The working mechanism and experiential basis of love metaphor are deeply elaborated, and on the base of it, an analysis of love metaphor LOVE IS A JOURNEY from the perspective of cognition is carried out, which further illustrates the contemporary conceptual metaphor theory.

A Comparison of Love Metaphors in Chinese and English from the Perspective of Cognition

Metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing is compared to another by saying that A is B or using words as"as"or"like".Love is human beings’eternal theme.Studying love metaphors in both English and Chinese language from the perspective of cognition can help people understand the working mechanism of love metaphors better.

Interaction Theory of Metaphor and Interactionist Approach to Cognition

Metaphorical cognition embodies the the general cognitive process,while the interaction theory of metaphor renders the cognitive role of metaphor.In perspective of the working mechanisms,the interaction theory and the interactionist approach to cognition can be examined as a whole.Following this,by reviewing and assimilating metaphorical cognition into a general cognitive process,the paradox in metaphorical cognitive studies can be tentatively clarified.

Cognitive View on Metaphor and Polysemy Learning

Language is a product of human cognition.It is of great importance and necessity to study the role of metaphor in foreign language learning and teaching.The paper is intended as a trial to develop a metaphorical cognitive approach to aid the learner of English as a foreign language,especially in polysemy learning since it has been a big problem in foreign language learning area.Metaphor plays a positive role and produces better results than the traditional approach in vocabulary learning.The metaphor approach is a powerful strategy in vocabulary comprehension,retention,and production.Teachers and researchers must shoulder the responsibility to carry out close examinations of linguistic metaphors instantiating the underlying conceptual metaphors by analyzing and establishing corpora to better established metaphor systems.

The Comparative Study of Metaphors -- From Cognitive and Systemic-Functional Perspectives

Metaphors have different expressions in cognitive and systematic-functional linguistics, which are conceptual metaphors and ideational metaphors. Conceptual metaphors belong to traditional vocabulary metaphors, and ideational grammatical metaphors are pointed out by Halliday--the main representative of systemic-functional theory. This paper elaborates on the specific grammatical feature of EST （English for Science and Technology） text--＂nominalization of processes＂ to reveal the source of ideational metaphors. From the analysis of some examples, it is found that nominalization as a grammatical metaphor expresses the transference between process types, so it reveals the essence of ideational grammatical metaphors. Meanwhile, the comparison made between grammatical metaphors and vocabulary metaphors reflects the similarities between conceptual metaphors and ideational metaphors. In this way, this paper comes to the conclusion that the combination of the study methods of metaphors from both cognitive and systemic-functional perspectives is the best way to uncover the basic characteristic of human thinking.

Metaphor, Essence of Bilingual Cognition

Metaphor is pervasive in every aspects of human life.However,metaphor is not only rhetorical device,also the part of cognition as perceptual and conceptualizing means for perceiving the surrounding environment which is regarded as the"bridge"for cross-culture.Metaphor as the essence of bilingua cognition is further elaborated from cross-culture metaphor’s nature,fea tures and the significance of understanding.

Study of Teaching Methods of Conceptual Metaphors

The application of conceptual metaphor theories to the teaching of English reading and vocabulary provides a new field of research to foreign language teaching. This paper analyzes the possibility of metaphor teaching through a small scale case study. It shows that the individual difference should be emphasized in metaphor teaching. This paper also provides empirical study evidences for the further research in the future.

On the conceptual metaphor of color terms： A typological view

In different languages and cultures, color terms usually indicate their specific cultural concepts and metaphorical implicature. This paper makes a typological study on the universality and relativity of the Conceptual Metaphors （CM） of color terms in different languages. It attempts to explore the cognitive differences and similarities in the process of categorization and metaphorization of color terms of oriental and western peoples. It proposes that the CM system of color terms is determined by the interactivity of three factors as neurophysiologic mechanisms, general cognitive psychological mechanisms and socio-cultural selective mechanisms. The CM of color terms in different languages carry their specific cognitive characteristics and cultural values, and reflect self-similarity of the language and culture.

Cognitive Metaphor for English-major Vocabulary and Reading Teaching

This paper makes an analysis of the cognitive nature of metaphor, expounds the view that metaphor is the necessity of cognitive process of vocabulary and reading teaching, especially for the English major. By employing some typical examples from the English-major textbooks, it advances how to train and raise specific teaching ways by utilizing metaphorical thinking.

Spicy food consumption is associated with cognition and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer disease

Background:Recent studies suggest that a healthy diet helps to prevent the development of Alzheimer disease(AD).This study aimed to investigate whether spicy food consumption is associated with cognition and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)biomarkers of AD in the Chinese population.Methods:We enrolled 55 AD patients and 55 age-and gender-matched cognitively normal(CN)subjects in a case-control study,as well as a cohort of 131 participants without subjective cognitive decline(non-AD)in a cross-sectional study.Spicy food consumption was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire(FFQ).Associations of FFQ scores with cognition and CSF biomarkers of AD were analyzed.Results:In the case-control study,spicy food consumption was lower in AD patients than that in CNs(4.0[4.0-8.0]vs.8.0[4.5-10.0],P<0.001);FFQ scores were positively associated with Mini-Mental Status Examination scores in the total sample(r=0.218,P=0.014).In the cross-sectional study,the association between spicy food consumption and cognition levels was verified in non-AD subjects(r=0.264,P=0.0023).Moreover,higher FFQ scores were significantly associated with higherβ-Amyloid(1-42)(Aβ42)levels and lower phospho-tau/Aβ42 and total tau/Aβ42 ratios in the CSF of non-AD subjects(P<0.05).Conclusion:Spicy food consumption is closely related to higher cognition levels and reversed AD biomarkers in the CSF,suggesting that a capsaicin-rich diet might have the potential to modify the cognitive status and cerebral pathologies associated with AD.

Conceptual Metaphors in "I Have a Dream"

Metaphors can serve as cognitive instruments.In the process of conceptualization,metaphors would reflex the way people think and affect the way they perceive things.Conceptual metaphors are often used to help layman understand abstract and complex political issues better.The author studies Martin Luther King,Jr's famous speech "I Have a Dream" from the views of cognitive linguistics,and mainly analyzes the conceptual metaphors in this political speech.

The Application of Conceptual Metaphor to Polysemy

As we know,the Conceptual Metaphor Theory is the part of Cognitive Linguistics,and it is the bridge between metaphor and vocabulary learning.Through the detailed discussion towards the definition of conceptual metaphor,this article analyses how to improve the learners' learning competence by using conceptual metaphor theory that is applied into the practice of teaching Polysemy.

Analysis of Functions of Metaphor in Computer English

Metaphor is a universal language skill in daily life.It is also pervasive in computer English,which is not realized by most people.However,Lakoff's conceptual metaphor theory provides us an opportunity to pay close attention to these metaphors in computer English and offers us a new way to explore and learn computer English.Based on the conceptual metaphor theory,this paper presents a cognitive analysis on the functions of metaphor in computer English,especially its cognitive function and economical function.

Study on Cognitive Metaphors in King Gesar and Its English Version

This thesis analyzes the book King Gesar and its English version through cognitive metaphors or concept metaphors.It studies on the three types of metaphors among them and the target domain coming from emotions,nature and animals.Its purpose is to provide a cognitive understanding for translation practices.

The Love Metaphor of Plant in Chinese and Its Cognitive Grounding

Based on the corpus,the metaphorical structure of Love Are Plants in Chinese includes six stages:(1)sowing/rooting/ger-minating,(2)growing,(3)flowering,(4)flower fading,(5)fruiting,and(6)withering.The stages of plant growth and the developmentstages of love basically show a one-to-one correspondence,and its cognitive grounding is the psychological similarity between thesource domain PLANTS and the target domain LOVE,which is not an objective existence,but a subjective judgment of the addresser.