Monitoring of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues──The GEMS/Food Program in China

This paper covers the monitoring activities of organochlorine (OCS) pesticide residues in the GEMS/Food program, which China took part in for the first time in 1992. The levels of HCH and DDT were determined in 355 samples of eight main varieties of food , taken from five provinces and cities. The results show that the positive rate of HCH is 69%, of which 99. 44 % is in accord with the National Standards of Food Hygiene of China. As to DDT, the two rates are 42 % and 100 % respectively. The daily intakes of HCH and DDT are 0. 22 mg/ kg.bw and 0. 54 mg/kg. bw respectively, which are far below their corresponding ADIs.Compared with those in 1970s, the OCS residues have decreased significantly. Therefore the monitored varieties of food are safe to people's health

Application of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food—A Highly Selective and Innovative Approach

The increasing application of pesticides for agricultural purposes involves serious risk to the environment and human health due to either exposure or through residues in food and drinking water. Since food safety is of mandatory importance there is a growing interest on the development of selective, simple, rapid, cost-effective and reliable analytical methodologies in order to ensure that pesticides residues should not be found at levels above the established maximum pesticide residue limits (MRLs). In recent years, a new methodology based on the development of molecularly imprinting polymers (MIPs) allows not only pre-concentration and cleaning of the sample but also selective extraction of the target analyte, which is crucial, particularly when the sample is complex and impurities can interfere with quantification. The scope of this review is to provide a general overview on MIPs field, with emphasis on MIP preparation and its use as sorbents for solid-phase extraction. This paper will be focused on the review of the current state of the art in the use of MIPs as selective materials in molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) for the analysis of pesticide residues from food matrices. A review of preparation and application of MIPs in food matrices, will also be discussed.

Agricultural pesticide use and food safety:California's model

Pesticides have been an essential part of agriculture to protect crops and livestock from pest infestations and yield reduction for many decades. Despite their usefulness, pesticides could pose potential risks to food safety and the environment as well as human health. This paper reviews the positive benefits of agricultural pesticide use as well as some potential negative impacts on the environment and food safety. In addition, using the case of California, we discuss the need for both residue monitoring and effective pest management to promote food safety. Twenty years＇ pesticide residue data from California＇s pesticide residue monitoring program were analyzed. Results showed that more than 95% of food samples were in compliance with US pesticide residue standards （tolerances）. However, certain commodities from certain sources had high percentages of residues above tolerance levels. Even when residues above tolerance levels were detected, most were at levels well below 1 mg kg^-1, and most posed negligible acute health risk. However, a few detected residues had the potential to cause health effects. Therefore, establishing an effective food residue monitoring program is important to ensure food quality throughout the marketplace.

Pesticide food safety standards as companions to tolerances and maximum residue limits

Allowable levels for pesticide residues in foods, known as tolerances in the US and as maximum residue limits （MRLs） in much of the world, are widely yet inappropriately perceived as levels of safety concern. A novel approach to develop scientifically defensible levels of safety concern is presented and an example to determine acute and chronic pesticide food safety standard （PFSS） levels for the fungicide captan on strawberries is provided. Using this approach, the chronic PFSS level for captan on strawberries was determined to be 2 000 mg kg-1 and the acute PFSS level was determined to be 250 mg kg-1. Both levels are far above the existing tolerance and MRLs that commonly range from 3 to 20 mg kg-~, and provide evidence that captan residues detected at levels greater than the tolerance or MRLs are not of acute or chronic health concern even though they represent violative residues. The benefits of developing the PFSS approach to serve as a companion to existing tolerances/MRLs include a greater understanding concerning the health significance, if any, from exposure to violative pesticide residues. In addition, the PFSS approach can be universally applied to all potential pesticide residues on all food commodities, can be modified by specific jurisdictions to take into account differences in food consumption practices, and can help prioritize food residue monitoring by identifying the pesticide/commodity combinations of the greatest potential food safety concern and guiding development of field level analytical methods to detect pesticide residues on prioritized pesticide/commodity combinations.

Recent advances in magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers and their application in the food safety analysis

Food safety is a worldwide concern and is directly related to human health.Therefore,convenient,effective,and economical methods and technologies for food safety analysis have been developed continuously.Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers(MMIPs)have gained extensive attention in recent years,as they have high selectivity,high adsorption capacity,and are easy to isolate from food samples.Recently,advanced strategies for the synthesis of MMIPs have been proposed to solve problems of template leakage and non-specific adsorption,and to increase the biocompatibility,adsorption rate,as well as adsorption capacity of the imprinted materials.In this review,we focus on new attempts at modification of magnetic core and MMIPs’surfaces,and the selection of template,functional monomer,cross-linker as well as porogen.Studies are summarized that used advanced MMIPs for the recognition and adsorption of pesticide residues,veterinary drug residues,mycotoxins,contaminants,and adulterations in foodstuffs over the last 5 years.Finally,some still existing challenges and future prospects to further promote MMIPs properties are also discussed.

Multiresidue determination and potential risks of emerging pesticides in aquatic products from Northeast China by LC-MS/MS

A simple method for determining 33 pesticides with a wide polarity range（log Kow0.6-4.5） in aquatic products was developed based on LC–MS/MS. The target analytes included three types of widely used pesticides： insecticides, fungicides and herbicides. Based on the optimization of ultrasonic assisted extraction and GPC clean-up procedures, the matrix effect, extraction recoveries and LOD were improved distinctively. LOQ of this method was below 0.5 ng/g for all pesticides, which is superior to values in the literature, and the matrix effect was reduced effectively（-14.7% to 7.5%）. The method was successfully applied to investigate the pesticide residue levels of twenty-five samples including seven common kinds of fishes from Northeast China. The results showed that all targeted pesticides were present in the fish samples; however, their levels were low, except for atrazine, linuron,ethoprophos, tetrachlorvinphos, acetochlor and fenthion. Atrazine and linuron caught our attention because the concentrations of atrazine in fish samples from Liaoning province were in the range of 0.5-8 ng/g（w/w） with mean concentration of 2.3 ng/g, which were far above those of other pesticides. The levels of linuron were in the range of 0.6-6 ng/g（mean concentration 2.8 ng/g）, which were the highest among all targeted pesticides in the Inner Mongolia. This is the first systematic investigation on the characteristics and levels of these pesticides in aquatic products from northeast China. Considering their toxicity and bioaccumulation, the potential risk of atrazine and linuron from consuming aquatic products should be paid more attention.

Detection of pesticides on navel orange skin by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupled with Ag nanostructures

Residual pesticides such as phosmet and chlorpyrifos in fruit have become a public concern problem in recent years.In this study,surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)was used to detect and characterize pesticides extracted from navel orange surfaces.Silver colloid was prepared for getting the SERS of phosmet and chlorpyrifos.Enhanced Raman signals of phosmet over a concentration range of 5 mg/L to 30 mg/L and chlorpyrifos over a concentration range of 5 mg/L to 20 mg/L were acquired.Partial least squares(PLS)regression combined with different data preprocessing methods was used to develop quantitative models.With the second derivative data preprocessing,the best prediction model of phosmet pesticide was achieved with a correlation coefficient(r)of 0.852 and the root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)of 5.177 mg/L.The best prediction model of chlorpyrifos pesticide was achieved with r of 0.843 and the RMSEP of 2.992 mg/L using the multiplicative scatter correction(MSC)and first derivative data preprocessing.This study indicated that SERS coupled with Ag nanostructures is a potential tool for analysis of phosmet and chlorpyrifos pesticide residues.

In-situ monitoring of nitrile-bearing pesticide residues by background-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

In-situ monitoring of pesticide residues during crop growth or/and in related products is of great significance in avoiding the abuse of pesticides but remains challenging thus far.In this report,we proposed a background-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(bf-SERS)platform to non-destructively track the nitrile-bearing pesticide residues in soybean leaves with high sensitivity and selectivity.The outstanding feature of the assay stems from the dramatic Raman enhancement effect of the 50 nm-sized gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)towards the pesticides and simultaneously the background-free Raman signal of the nitrile group in the so-called Raman-silent region(1800-2800 cm^(-1)).This bf-SERS assay was applied to evaluate the penetration effects of nitrile-bearing pesticides and monitor their residues in soybean leaves after rinsing with various solutions,providing a reliable tool for guiding the safe use of nitrile-bearing pesticides in agriculture.

食品风险监测中农药残留的检测技术研究

随着现代农业的发展,农药在作物保护中发挥着重要作用,但随之而来的农药残留问题也引发了广泛关注。农药残留不仅影响食品质量,还可能对人体健康造成潜在威胁。因此,对农药残留进行准确、高效的检测成为食品风险监测的重要一环。本文概述了农药残留的来源及其对食品安全的潜在危害。系统梳理了当前农药残留检测技术的种类及其特点。

欧盟与中国禽蛋食品安全农兽药残留限量对比分析

近年来,由于我国与欧盟(European Union,EU)在制定蛋制品中农兽药最大残留限量(maximum residues limits, MRLs)上的不同,我国出口欧洲的蛋制品中农兽药残留超标及检出违禁药物的食品安全事件频繁报道,严重阻碍了中国禽蛋出口贸易的发展。为了解我国与欧盟在禽蛋中农兽药残留限量标准方面的差异,提升中国禽蛋产品在国际市场的竞争力,本文对欧盟和中国禽蛋中农药和兽药残留的种类和最大残留限量值进行对比分析,发现目前我国禽蛋农兽药残留限量标准存在种类尚不全面、残留限量指标的严宽程度有待研究等问题。针对我国实际,本文提出一些完善蛋制品农兽药残留标准体系的思路和对策措施,为保障食品安全与产品出口提供重要参考依据。

2023年佛山市禅城区果蔬中腐霉利残留及膳食风险评估

目的:调查掌握佛山市禅城区市售不同种类果蔬的腐霉利残留情况,及时发现食品安全隐患,进行风险预警,为开展食品安全风险评估、食品安全标准制(修)订和采取针对性控制措施提供科学依据。方法:在佛山市禅城区4个镇街道不同销售流通环节随机采集6种果蔬样品共200份,使用QuEChERS法进行净化处理,参照GB 23200.113-2018采用气相色谱质谱联用法测定腐霉利的含量,根据检测结果运用急性和慢性膳食风险评价法以及食品安全指数法对其残留情况和由其引发的居民健康风险进行评价。结果:采集的样品中,43份样品检出腐霉利,检出率为21.50%,不同类型样品中腐霉利检出率差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=46.735,P<0.01);不同流通环节样品中的腐霉利检出率差异不具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.251,P=0.196>0.05);4个镇街道采集到的蔬菜水果腐霉利检出数总体上无显著性差异(χ^(2)=7.436,P=0.063>0.05);经急性和慢性膳食风险评价,受检产品的%ARfD和%ADI值均小于100%,表示摄入风险可接受;食品安全指数法评价本次受检农产品的结果为质量安全风险处在可接受范围。结论:佛山市禅城区果蔬农产品尚未发现腐霉利超标情况,食品安全风险可控,但有关部门需持续开展动态监控。

食品检测中标准化农药残留检测技术研究

农药残留引发的食品安全问题日益受到公众重视,建立科学合理的标准化农药残留检测技术,对保障食品安全意义重大。本文以分析当前农药残留问题现状入手,综述研究进展,介绍目前常见的农药残留检测技术,分析各技术特点、适用范围和优缺点,提出实现标准化农药残留检测的设想与创新策略,旨在为我国食品安全工作提供参考。

农药残留检测技术在食品检测中的运用

在现代农业快速发展的背景下,农药被广泛应用在农作物种植中,用于提高其品质与产量,但同时也带来了农药残留问题,对公众健康和生态环境构成了潜在威胁。基于此,本文重点探讨了农药残留检测技术在食品检测中的运用,总结了多种常用的检测技术,并分析了检测要点和分析方法,提出了建立健全检测标准、提升检测人员综合能力、优化检测环境等提高检测水平的具体措施,以期为食品安全领域的实践提供有益参考。

生物芯片技术在食品检验中的应用研究

随着食品安全问题日益受到关注,生物芯片技术作为一种高效、高通量的检测方法,在食品检验中展现出广阔的应用前景。本文综述了生物芯片技术的原理及其在食品检验中的应用,并探讨了其面临的挑战与未来发展前景。

食品中农药残留检测与质量控制措施

农药残留是食品质量安全检测中的重要环节项目,明确不同食品中的农药残留种类和含量有助于提升食品的安全性和可靠性,确保大众身体健康。本文介绍了当前常用的农药残留检测技术和质量控制措施,旨在提升农药残留检测水平,降低各类因素对检测结果的负面影响,为大众的饮食提供保障。

浅谈食品检测中农药残留检测技术应用控制的关键

随着全球对食品安全的高度重视,农药残留检测成为食品检测领域的一个重要组成部分。本文综合分析了当前农药残留检测技术的分类与应用,并深入探讨了在实际应用中的关键控制因素,同时针对农药残留检测技术面临的挑战和未来发展趋势进行了讨论,旨在为提高检测效率和准确性提供指导。

基于荧光光谱技术的食品检测研究

本文简要介绍了荧光光谱技术的基本原理,并对其在食品检测领域的应用进行了综述,重点阐述了荧光光谱检测方法在几种常见食品污染物中的应用,包括农药残留、重金属污染、非法添加物等。通过对比传统检测方法,分析了荧光光谱技术的优势,如快速、灵敏、无损等。最后,展望了荧光光谱技术在食品检测领域的发展前景,并提出了进一步研究的方向和建议,以期为保障食品安全提供有力的技术支撑。

QuEChERS自动化设备在食品中农药残留检测的应用

农药化合物的污染问题已成为影响我国食品安全的重要问题之一。由于食品种类多样化、食品基质复杂,在食品农药残留检测过程中,需要通过有效的前处理技术进行提取和净化,以保障检测结果的准确性。QuEChERS技术具有快速、高效、安全等优点,被广泛应用于食品农药残留检测中。基于此,本文分析了QuEChERS自动化设备在水果蔬菜等农药残留检测中的应用情况,旨在为相关研究提供理论参考。

农药残留检测技术在食品质量检验中的应用

在食品安全检测中,农药残留检测是衡量食品安全性的手段之一。近年来,全球食品供应链日益复杂,为全面提高基层食品监管效率、强化食品安全防线,本文分析农药残留检测技术在食品质量检验中的应用价值,并提出相关技术的推广策略,以供参考。

胶体金免疫层析速测卡与液质联用法检测豇豆中农药残留

胶体金免疫层析速测卡测定农药残留具有针对性强、操作简便、能够半定量等优点。本文通过胶体金免疫层析速测卡与液质联用法检测豇豆中的阿维菌素、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、灭多威、克百威、啶虫脒和氟虫腈7种农药并进行对比分析,对胶体金免疫层析速测卡准确性和灵敏度进行确证。结果表明,胶体金免疫层析速测卡检测豇豆与液质联用法定量检测结果基本一致,准确性和灵敏度较好。