Personality Traits and Self Regulation: A Comparative Study among Current, Relapse and Remitted Drug Abuse Patients

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the relationship among personality traits and self regulation among different drug abuse cases. The three categories of drug abuse were based on phases of addiction namely current, relapse and remitted cases. Method: The sample consisted of 108 drug abusers taken from different rehabilitation centers of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The selected drug abusers were at current (n = 40), relapsed (n = 42) and remission phase (n =2 7) of drug addiction;with an age range of 20 to 70 years. The data were collected from private rehabilitation centers of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. In this study, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised EPQR-Short (Eysenck, Eysenck & Barrett, 1985) was used to measure personality traits of the drug abuse cases. Self Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ) developed by Miller and Brown (1991) was used to measure the self regulatory skills. The data were collected from rehabilitation centers. Before collection of data, formal permission was taken from the administration of these centers. Research protocol included an Ethical Proforma explaining rationale of study, ensuring confidentiality of the information to be used for research purpose only and also had personal consent form. In the first phase, pilot study was conducted to check the reliability of translated scale and availability of sample. A sample of 15 drug abusers was selected for pilot study. In the next step (main study);protocol was administered on current, relapsed and remitted cases through individual administration. For remitted cases, the researcher consulted authorities (administration head, and medical doctors) of centers and administered protocol on the days when these participants came for follow-up session. Results: The results of the study indicate strong correlation between self regulation and personality traits (r = 0.27**). Furthermore, most of the participants scored higher on Psychoticism (100%), Introversion (75%) while Neuroticism (58%) trait was found less among drug abuse cases. The study also indicates strong correlation between self regulation and Extraversion-Introversion personality trait (r = 0.20**) while other traits did not have significant correlations with self regulation. Furthermore, the descriptive frequencies reveal that most of the participants scored higher on Psychoticism (100%), Introversion (75%) while Neuroticism (58%) trait was found less among drug abuse cases. Conclusion: From the above mentioned findings, it is concluded that self regulation is associated with personality traits among drug abusers. The comparisons of personality traits and self regulatory skills among the different phases of addiction provide an insight into how these traits interact with self control to regulate impulsive and addictive behaviors.

The self-regulation process and its mechanism of channels' bed changes in the Changjiang(Yangtze) Estuary in China

Recent bathymetric changes in the Changjiang Estuary under the influence of artificial regulation engineerings and basin reservoirs have been analyzed based on the maritime charts since 1997 and recent fieldworks. The results indicate a slight erosion of the channels in the upper and middle estuary, continuing deposition and seaward move of the mouth bar crest and intensifying erosion at the nearshore seabed. It is noteworthy that the morphological evolution caused by intensive human activities dominates over the changes from nature process. First, the riverbes are eroded overall in the South Branch （SB）, the South Channel （SC） and the upper and middle reaches of the North Channel （NC）. The nearshore seabed outside the river mouth is being eroded slightly, which is attributed to the declining sediment supply from the Changjiang Basin due to the construction of the Three Gorges Dam upstream. The sediment above the seabed is very active and coarsened, meanwhile, sand waves are becoming more distinct. Second, a deposition occurs in the North Brach （NB）, the mouth of the NC, the mouth bars of the North Passage （NP） and the South Passage （SP） and especially the main channel of the NP, where it shows a massive siltation after the deep waterway project. The reasons for the recent changes are not only the dynamic structure in estuarine mouth bars, but also the supply of sediment resuspension in a local and offshore area. Meanwhile, the severe erosion and siltation in some reaches is related to the construction of estuarine engineerings. It is indicated that the Changjiang Estuary is gradually self-adjusted and adapting to the varying natural factors and intensive human activities. The study on the mechanism of self-regulation of the recent bathymetric changes in the Changjiang Estuary has important and practical significance.

The Survey of Self-Regulation Behaviors and Related Factors in Elderly with Hypertension in South-East of Iran

Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for heart diseases today. The effect of hypertension in the elderly is higher than other age groups and it may lead to changes in their quality of life. By the increase of age, the amount of self-care behaviors of patients with hypertension decreased. Therefore, control and self-care behaviors are so important. This study has been conducted to study self-regulation behaviors and Associated Factors in elderly patients with hypertension. This study was a cross sectional, descriptive analytic study, which was conducted using multistage sampling on the elderly 60 years and above with hypertension. The sample size was calculated 365 and the final sample size of 380 people was considered by possible losses. The instruments include of demographic and self-regulatory behaviors questionnaire. The results showed that self-regulation of behavior was 42.3% of the total score. In terms of quality, only 7.4% of the elderly had good behavior, 46.6% of poor performance, and the rest were mediocre performance. Age (p = 0.03), gender (p = 0.02), education (p = 0.001), income level (p = 0.03) and marital status (p = 0.001) significantly associated with behaviors of self-regulation. The results generally indicate unfavorable self-regulation of elderly patients with hypertension. Some variables such as gender, age, marital status, education and income levels were associated with these behaviors. So paying attention to the education of the elderly in care centers is essential.

Preparation and Characteristic of Self-regulation Water-transmitting Coating Fiber

Common clay, Kaolin and Bentonite were used as additives to prepare water-transmitting coating fiber, respectively, and the water-transmitting characteristic of coating fiber was studied. Different water-transmitting coating fibers were prepared by coating fiber using coating material with different mass proportions of additives to adhesive. And the coating materials were made from three kinds of inorganic clays as additives respectively and polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） as adhesive. Furthermore, the surface morphology and water-transmitting capacity of coating fiber were studied by SEM, Perkin Elmer Diamond SII thermal multi-analyzer and instrument for quick measurement moisture M30. The experimental results indicate that water-transmitting coating fibers made from three kinds of clays all have water-transmitting capacity. The surface of water-transmitting coating fiber prepared by common clay T is continuous and compact, and the water-transmitting effect is better than coating fibers made from other clays.

Neuroimaging Phenomenology of the Central Self-Regulation Mechanisms

Functional MRI was used to map the brains of subjects on-line during the process of media training for the acquisition and improvement of self-regulation mechanisms. The temporal and spatial dynamics of the new neural network formation were studied in real and simulated (false) biofeedback game, and their qualitative characteristics were discussed. It has been shown that immersion into a virtual competitive game, controlled by physiological responses, causes a wide involvement of the cortices, characterized by a high volume of activation in the mid-temporal, occipital and frontal areas, the cuneus and the precuneus. In both forms of media training, high values of activation volume were identified in the cerebellar structures.

Exploring the Role of Self-Regulation for College Students

Zimmerman(2000) defines self-regulation as the beliefs and actions which are produced by students themselves in order to achieve their academic success and goals. College students, especially freshmen, are facing a large workload and a relatively flexible learning atmosphere compared with their experience in high school. Self-regulation seems to be an important component in acquiring academic achievement for college students. In other words, students who can control their learning processes effectively are characterized as self-regulated learners(Schunk & Zimmerman 1994). Many people believe that everyone could be self-regulated learner,but what differentiates them most is the quality of their self-regulation( as cited in Cohen 2012). Therefore, understanding the role of self-regulation and how to manage students' learning experiences in order to improve their self-regulation ability are significant.

The Effectiveness of Self-regulated Learning Strategies on Chinese College Students' English Learning

The purpose of this paper is to argue the effectiveness of self-regulated learning in English education in Chinese college classroom instruction. A study is given to show whether the introduction of self-regulated learning can help improve Chinese college students' English learning, and help them perform better in the National English test-CET-4 (College English Test Level-4,).

Self-regulating Humidity Activated Carbon Material Prepared from Bamboo for the Room

A self-regulating humidity material with bamboo for the room was prepared. The activated carbons were prepared with the temperature rising rates of 5, 10, 15, 20 ℃/min and constant temperatures of 600, 700, 800, 900, 1 000, 1 100, 1 200, 1 300, 1 400, and 1 500 ℃ for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 6 h, respectively.And then their structures such as specific surface areas, volumes of pores from 3.7-7.1 nm and average pore diameters were tested. Various humidity conditions were simulated and their self-regulating humidity properties such as absorption/desorption contents, rates and stabilities were evaluated. The results show that the specific surface area, volume of pores from 3.7-7.1 nm and average pore diameter of activated carbon are closely nonlinearly related to the temperature rising rate, temperature and holding time. In general, the activated carbon prepared with the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/min and kept at 1 100 ℃ for 2 h has the highest absorption/desorption content and rate, the lowest decay factor and then the best stability at all humidity for the fact that it is provided with proper average pore diameter, higher specific surface area and volume of pores from 3.7-7.1 nm. The activated carbons can be prepared with the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/min and kept at 1000, 900,1 200, 1 300, 1 400, 1 500, 800, 700, and 600 ℃ respectively for 2 h. These resulted properties are attributed to their different average pore diameters and volumes of pores from 3.7-7.1 nm.

Self-Discharge in Valve-Regulated Sealed Lead-Acid Batteries

Factors that cause the self-discharge in valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries are discussed and measures to inhibit the self-discharge are put forward.

Position of Village Regulations and Folk Conventions in the Villager Autonomy System

The Villagers' Charter of Self-government,as a senior form of village regulations and folk conventions,is the general charter of villagers' self-government. It is a small constitution of villagers,so it holds an important position in the villager autonomy system. Such position gives the credit to both historic and realistic objective factors. Rise of state power,vacancy of legislation,accumulation of excellent traditional resources,and democracy and contract spirit in village regulations and folk conventions will certainly accelerate development of village regulations and folk conventions and promote gradual improvement in the villager autonomy system.

New Type Regulating Valve Applied in Cooling System of Blast Furnace

A new type regulating valve with the cooling mode of constant temperature difference water supply, temperature difference self operated regulating valve, was introduced into blast furnace cooling system to overcome shortcomings of the cooling mode of constant flow rate water supply. The results show that the temperature difference between inlet and outlet water of cooling wall can be decreased greatly and steadily, and the water supply for blast furnace cooling can be reduced considerably.

Behavior an Induction Generator without and with a Voltage Regulator

During the isolated use of a wind system, the output voltage of the self-excited induction generator depends on the variation characteristic of its parameters: the excitation condensers, the drive speed and the load. Therefore, the regulation of the tension appears to be of great interest. We focused on the use of an analogical regulator of tension, with the aim of controlling the tension at the exit of the self-excited induction generator. So we modelled, implanted and simulated a wind system (Self-excited induction generator, converters (AC/DC, DC/DC) and load it) in the Orcad/Pspice environment. In the first time the behaviour of the asynchronous generator was analyzed when the load, the excitation capacitor and the drive speed vary in the absence of any form of regulation. This analysis was conducted with the aim of defining the limits of the machine exploitation. In the second time the functioning mode is controlled by an analogical control of tension. The results of simulation show the good performances of the system during the application of the proposed voltage regulator.

The Development of Self-Balancing Controller for One-Wheeled Vehicles

The purpose of this study is to develop a self-balancing controller (SBC) for one-wheeled vehicles (OWVs). The composition of the OWV system includes: a DSP motion card, a wheel motor, and its driver. In addition, a tilt and a gyro, for sensing the angle and angular velocity of the body slope, are used to realize self-balancing controls. OWV, a kind of unicycle robot, can be dealt with as a mobile-inverted-pendulum system for its instability. However, for its possible applications in mobile carriers or robots, it is worth being further developed. In this study, first, the OWV system model will be derived. Next, through the simulations based on the mathematical model, the analysis of system stability and controllability can be evaluated. Last, a concise and realizable method, through system pole-placement and linear quadratic regulator (LQR), will be proposed to design the SBC. The effectiveness, reliability, and feasibility of the proposal will be con- firmed through simulation studies and experimenting on a physical OWV.

数字平台自我优待的反垄断规制困境与优化进路

平台企业为开拓商业疆土,通过数据垄断、流量封锁等方式优待下游市场的自营业务,实现竞争优势乃至垄断地位的跨市场传导。从本质上来看,竞争优势的传导超越一定限度即可能构成滥用,不属于合法竞争的范围。平台自我优待由于符合杠杆理论对滥用行为的共同要求,应当被纳入反垄断法的规制范围。然而,鉴于我国当前该行为违法性统一认定标准缺失、反竞争效果难以判定、正当性抗辩理由滥用三项因素模糊了自我优待的反垄断规制边界,故在重塑分析框架基础上对其有针对性展开优化,明确平台自治的合理限度,以期为规制指明未来走向。

超长柔性悬挂固体充填刮板输送机异常工况表征及自主调控方法

固体充填刮板输送机是固体充填开采技术的关键装备,其高效智能化的程度制约着固体智能充填开采技术的进步,暂难突破超大采长、大功率、高可靠性的瓶颈,运行状态受地质条件、充填工艺等主控因素影响显著,异常工况自主调控问题亟待解决。总结了固体充填刮板输送机特征;构建了固体充填刮板输送机位姿形态与运输状态表征方法;通过分析异常工况的形成机理,选取异常工况判别指标,结合位姿与运输状态表征方法,给出了其空间位姿、牵引状态等异常工况判别准则与典型异常工况的调控路径,揭示了多工况状态下固体充填刮板输送机运载调控机制,提出了实时调控充填材料运输量、直线及水平程度组合的异常工况自主调控方法。全国首个260 m工作面长固体充填工程案例表明:通过异常工况自主调控,平均最大水平偏移距每减少100 mm,刮板链牵引力可减少85 kN,输送功率损耗可减少55 kW;平均最大垂直偏移距每减小100 mm时,输送功率损耗可减少7.2 kW;单位长度货载运量每减少100 kN/m,刮板链牵引力可减少31.9 kN,输送功率损耗可减少38.2 kW。所提出的异常工况自主调控方法可显著提升固体充填刮板输送机的输送效能,可助力实现固体智能充填开采。

积极反刍思维训练对青少年伴非自杀性自伤行为抑郁症患者情绪调节策略的影响

目的:探讨积极反刍思维训练对青少年抑郁症患者非自杀性自伤行为(NSSI)及情绪调节策略的干预效果。方法:纳入南京脑科医院2021年3月至2022年6月有NSSI青少年抑郁症患者167例,按随机数字表法分为对照组(n=84)和干预组(n=83)。对照组实施精神科常规治疗及护理;干预组除常规治疗护理措施外,实施积极反刍思维训练。采用SPSS22.0对数据进行统计分析,采用t检验比较差异,计算Cohen’s D值估计差异效应量。结果:干预后干预组积极反刍思维、情感表达、自我负强化、表达抑制、认知重评策略分量表得分与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),情感表达、自我负强化、认知重评分量表Cohen’s D值达到中等效应(0.5≤D≤0.8);干预后3个月,干预组各量表分与对照组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),Cohen’s D值均有提升,认知重评策略分量表达到较大效应(D>0.8),积极反刍思维、情感表达、利己社交、自我负强化、表达抑制分量表达到中等效应(0.5≤D≤0.8),消极反刍思维分量表减分值效应较小(0.2≤D≤0.5)。结论:积极反刍思维训练有利于改善青少年抑郁症患者情绪调节策略,减少非自杀性自伤行为,且随着时间推移,效应逐步提升。

社会主义核心价值观融入党内法规体系:现状梳理、问题分析与发展前瞻

党内法规体系是中国特色社会主义法治体系的组成部分,在社会主义核心价值观融入法治建设中担负先行先试、引领保障作用。党的十八大以来,社会主义核心价值观融入党内法规体系取得实质性进展,但关于社会主义核心价值观融入党内法规的载体范围、配套落实机制、集约化程度、融入实效的检验和评估等方面仍然存在不足。未来推进社会主义核心价值观融入党内法规体系,应进一步发现理论与实践的重大价值;坚持系统思维从整体上谋划推进;始终以实践作为检验融入成效的标准。

生成式人工智能的数据治理与“囚笼”——基于行业主体自我监管的回应型研究

以ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能自面世伊始即引人瞩目,数据、算法、算力作为推动生成式人工智能前行的“三驾马车”对其重要性不言而喻。然而,生成式人工智能引发的数据之殇,如数据泄露、数据垄断等亦挑战着传统数据治理框架。在智能时代,基于应用场景的分散治理、基于风险预防的事前治理、基于公权主导的硬性治理均难以满足治理与发展的双重需要。行业主体基于其专业性、及时性、协同性等灵活优势理应在智能时代的数据治理中发挥积极作用,却饱受自监自管、缺乏动力等诟病。目前,新加坡的问责制协同治理模式、美国的软法治理模式均反映着行业主体自我监管的可行性,且证实了自我监管并非完全自治。因此,以自我监管为着力点,从微观、中观、宏观三个角度构建数据治理新范式有其现实意义。

Does Exposure to Noise Lead to Decreased Regulatory Abilities, and Increased Aggression?

Recent advances in the study of affective-cognitive regulation of aggressive behavior suggest positive correlations between poor executive capacities (ECF) and negative reactivity. If the global assumption is correct what are the likely implications of predicted relation? The central issue in present research is to verify this assumption and examine how situational characteristics can alter executive performance in adults experiencing Civil War (Syrians students living in their country or in a host country) and adults experiencing peaceful life (French students) to explore some of the consequences of those modifications for aggressive and anxious tendencies. Precisely, we expect the positive correlations between poor executive performances and high dispositional as well situational aggressive and anxious tendencies, specifically for adults exposed to warfare. In order to assess executive capacities and dispositional as well as situational aggressive and anxious tendencies, during one pilot and two comparative studies [pilot study: N = 60 female French students;first comparative study: N = 60 French and N = 60 Syrian students of both sexes (50%);second comparative study: N = 60 Syrian students of both sexes (50%) living in France] right-handed French/Arabic-speakers participants complete twice, before and after completion executive tasks (standard neuropsychological tests) under different experimental conditions (Aversive/Neutral condition), a series of aggression and anxiety questionnaires. The results provide evidence of a dispositional relationship between poor executive functioning and negative reactivity, and extend it to situational level. For all participants, it shows that increases in impulsiveness (negative emotionality and aggressive choices) due to an aversive noise (80 db) are concomitant with an inability to focus individuals’ attention on ongoing tasks, specifically in those living directly or indirectly stressful life-event.