Cloning and Prokaryotic Expression of VP1 Gene of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Type O

According to the complete genome of foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV)type O,a pair of special primers was designed to amplify VP1 gene.The VP1 gene was amplified by RT-PCR and subsequently inserted into the expression vector pGEX-6p-1 and induced by IPTG.Then SDS-PAGE showed the expressed protein was 51 kD in molecular weight.Then the product was purified by GSTrap FF columns.The product was detected through Western-blot that showed the protein has antigenicity.It provided fundamental data and materials for further investigation on diagnosis method of FMDV.

Prokaryotic Expression of P1 Gene of Type Asia1 Foot and Mouth Disease Virus(FMDV)and the Preparation of Its Antiserum

[Objective] The aim was to study the prokaryotic expression of P1 gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus（FMDV）type Asia 1and the preparation of its antiserum.[Method]The P1 gene of FMDV type Asia 1 was obtained by gene cloning techniques,and then cloned into pET-32a（＋）plasmid;subsequently the recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21（DE3）;after the IPTG induction and protein purification,SDS-PAGE analysis was carried out;the ultrasonic wave was use to lyse the cultivated recombinant strain,and after the isolation and purification,this fusion protein was utilized to immunize New Zealand rabbits so as to prepare P1 protein antiserum.[Result]The positive clones were obtained;SDS-PAGE result showed that the target band was appeared at 105 kD;Western blot analysis showed that the antisera could bind to the expressed P1 fusion protein specifically;the ELISA titer of the rabbit anti-FMDV-P1 sera was approximately 1∶5 120.[Conclusion]This study had provided foundations for FMDV serological diagnostic methods and genetically engineered vaccine.

Preparation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against VP1 Protein of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus O/China99

Monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) 1A9 and 9F12 against Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O were produced by fusing SP2/0 myeloma cells with splenocyte from the mouse immunized with O/China99. Both McAbs reacted with O/China99 but not with Asia 1, as determined by immunohistochemistry assay. The microneutralization titer of the McAbs 1A9 and 9F12 were 640 and 1 280, respectively. Both McAbs contain kappa light chains, but the McAbs 1A9 and 9F12 were IgG1 and IgM, respectively. In order to define the McAbs binding epitopes, the reactivity of these McAbs against VP1, P20 and P14 were examined using indirect ELISA, the result showed that both McAbs reacted with VP1 and P20. McAbs may be used for further studies of vaccine, diagnostic methods, prophylaxis, etiological and immunological researches on FMDV.

Expression,Purification and Activity Detection of Structural Protein VP1 of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype A

The paper was to obtain the VP1 protein of FMDV serotype A with high activity. With recombinant plasmid pMD19A-T-vp1 as the tem- plate, vpl gene fragment amplified by PCR was connected into prokaryotic expression vector pET28a to construct recombinant plasmid pET-A-vpl. The E. coli BL21 （DE3） strain containing recombinant plasmid pET-A-vpl were induced by IPTG. SDS-PAGE showed that VP1 protein was ex- pressed in the form of inclusion body, and its molecular weight was about 29 ku. Based on the optimizing IPTG concentration and expression time, the largest expression of VP1 protein was induced by 0.3 mmol/L IPTG for 6 h at 37 ℃. Western-Blot analysis indicated that the expression of VP1 protein could be specifically recognized by positive serum of FMDV serotype A. ELISA test showed that VP1 inclusion body protein had high activity after purification by washing and renaturation by urea concentration gradient dialysis.

Asia 1型FMDV感染BHK-21细胞差异蛋白质点2-DE分析

为研究Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)感染BHK-21细胞后蛋白质组的变化及差异,将FMDV接种于培养的单层BHK-21细胞,同时设未接毒的BHK-21细胞作对照组。待细胞病变后分别提取2组细胞总蛋白借助2-DE技术及PDQuest8.0软件进行细胞蛋白质组二维电泳图谱差异性分析。结果显示感染组有1 457个可见蛋白质点,而对照组可见的蛋白质点为1 427个。感染组蛋白点的表达量与对照组相比,二者具有统计学差异(P<0.05)的蛋白质点472个,其中表达上调251个点,表达下调221个点,新合成蛋白点30个。结果表明FMDV感染BHK-21细胞后引起了细胞蛋白质组表达模式的改变,这种变化是病毒与细胞相互作用的结果。本研究首次利用蛋白质组学技术研究Asia 1型FMDV感染BHK-21细胞后蛋白质组学差异,有助于深入研究Asia 1型FMDV和BHK-21细胞相互作用的分子机制。

Asia1型口蹄疫病毒多表位基因的原核表达及ELISA检测方法的建立

根据国内流行的Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒的基因组特性,合成了Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒2个流行毒株VP1基因的5个抗原表位,并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上,再按设计的酶切位点连接,构建出Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒VP1双拷贝基因片段(VP1 Asia)。然后,将VP1 Asia基因连接到原核表达载体pET-28a(+)上,构建了重组表达质粒pET-28a-VP1 Asia,接着将其转入BL21菌中进行原核表达。以纯化的表达蛋白作为抗原检测了牛Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒阳性血清。结果显示,VP1 Asia基因在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,以纯化的VP1Asia蛋白作为抗原建立了检测Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒抗体的ELISA方法。以建立的ELISA方法和标准Asia 1型口蹄疫液相阻断ELISA试剂盒对30份临床样品进行了检测,两种检测方法的阳性率分别为90.0%(27/30)和93.3%(28/30),符合率为89.7%(26/29)。本研究为组装Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒抗体ELISA诊断试剂盒奠定了基础。

云南边境Asia1型口蹄疫监测及病毒vp1基因序列比较

口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒引起的主要侵袭偶蹄动物的一种急性热性高度接触性传染病。口蹄疫病毒存在7个不同血清型,病毒VP1蛋白抗原性差异是病毒血清型划分依据,而其编码基因核苷酸序列差异是同型病毒Topotype型或基因型划分依据。采用RT-PCR及O/A/C/Asia1多重RT-PCR技术,对2006年期间自云南边境地区采集境外流动动物组织样品120份,进行口蹄疫病原监测,检出Asia1型口蹄疫病毒阳性样品7份。对阳性样品中病毒vp1基因全序列进行扩增、纯化后,克隆至pMD18-T载体测序,并与已知代表性毒株进行比对及系统发育分析。结果发现:云南边境Aisa1型口蹄疫病毒阳性样品vp1基因核苷酸序列同源性介于83.4%～99.5%,不同分离毒株以15%序列差异作为分型标准,存在1个新拓朴型或基因型Ⅴ,且与已知的4个拓朴型或基因型不同。系统发育分析确定了1个新的遗传谱系Ⅶ。部分VP1蛋白表位关键性氨基酸位点存在变异。

利用Asia1型口蹄疫病毒VP1蛋白的单克隆抗体建立单抗竞争ELISA方法

应用纯化的Asia1型口蹄疫病毒VP1蛋白作为抗原,采用过碘酸钠法标记纯化的单抗,建立了单抗竞争ELISA,检测10份阳性猪口蹄疫血清及200多份阴性血清,试验结果与样品的背景相一致。敏感性试验和重复试验结果表明,该方法具有稳定和敏感等特性,适合Asia1型猪口蹄疫病毒抗体的监测。

共表达Asia1口蹄疫病毒P1-2A-3C基因和猪IL-18基因重组鸡痘病毒构建及表达

为构建Asia1型口蹄疫重组鸡痘病毒疫苗,采集口蹄疫发病牛的水泡液及水泡皮,用RT-PCR法扩增出Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒的前体蛋白基因P1-2A片段和蛋白酶基因3C片段,分别克隆至pMD18-T载体上,通过酶切连接获得质粒pMD18-T-P1-2A-3C。再将P1-2A-3C片段与pUTAL-IL18片段连接起来,构建鸡痘病毒中间转移质粒pUTAL-P1-2A-3C-IL18。通过脂质体转染法,将pUTAL-P1-2A-3C-IL18与鸡痘病毒282E4株共感染染鸡胚成纤维细胞(chicken embryo fibroblasts,CEF),通过BrdU三次加压筛选,筛选出重组鸡病毒株vUTAL-P1-2A-3C-IL18。经RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光法鉴定,证明所筛选的1株重组鸡痘病毒在CEF中能正确表达P1-2A-3C基因。本研究为研制安全、高效的亚洲Ⅰ型FMD重组鸡痘病毒疫苗奠定了基础。

胶体金免疫层析试纸条快速定量检测Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒含量方法的建立

采用胶体金为标记物制备了快速定量检测Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)免疫层析试纸条,拟合检测曲线,用金标分析仪进行定量检测。应用实验室与田间的样品检测证实其有较好的敏感性和特异性。对Asia 1型FM—DV抗原定量检测可以在15 min内完成,灵敏度为0.78μg·mL^(-1),线性范围在0.78~7.84μg·mL^(-1);变异系数在0.2%~5%;回收率在91%~102%,证明定量检测、准确度高。结果表明,本研究建立的定量检测Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒的胶体金免疫层析方法能简便、廉价、快速、灵敏、特异、准确地定量检测样品中的Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒。

The DEAD-Box RNA Helicase DDX1 Interacts with the Viral Protein 3D and Inhibits Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication

Foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV)can infect domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals.The non-structural protein 3D plays an important role in FMDV replication and pathogenesis.However,the interaction partners of 3D,and the effects of those interactions on FMDV replication,remain incompletely elucidated.In the present study,using the yeast two-hybrid system,we identified a porcine cell protein,DEAD-box RNA helicase 1(DDX1),which interacted with FMDV 3D.The DDX1-3D interaction was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments and an indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)in porcine kidney 15(PK-15)cells.DDX1 was reported to either inhibit or facilitate viral replication and regulate host innate immune responses.However,the roles of DDX1 during FMDV infection remain unclear.Our results revealed that DDX1 inhibited FMDV replication in an ATPase/helicase activity-dependent manner.In addition,DDX1 stimulated IFN-p activation in FMDV-infected cells.Together,our results expand the body of knowledge regarding the role of DDX1 in FMDV infection.

Asia1型口蹄疫病毒VP1蛋白进化踪迹分析

为预测口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）VP1蛋白的重要功能残基,本研究利用进化踪迹及蛋白结构同源建模等方法对91株Asia 1型FMDV的VP1氨基酸序列进行分析,结果显示91个病毒株分属于B、C和D分支,2005年~2006年分离株处于另一个分支,命名为E分支。以10分区分析进化树,共34个组特异残基,其中140S、141S、146L、148A、149L、150A、151R、152R、153V、155N和156R分布于G-H环区域,预测它们与抗原性和受体结合特性有关;B、C、D和E 4个分支的组内特异残基分别为24S、153G、196H;59H、141P、146M、150S、169N;50I、135A和99N、127S、140S、151R,这些残基为各分支的分子标识;组特异残基35V、80L、93S、127A分布于VP1和其他结构蛋白的作用界面,可能对病毒的装配具有重要作用。本研究结果为FMDV的VP1功能研究提供了参考数据。

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Inhibits RIP2 Protein Expression to Promote Viral Replication

Receptors interaction protein 2(RIP2)is a specific adaptor molecule in the downstream of NOD2.The role of RIP2 during foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV)infection remains unknown.Here,our results showed that RIP2 inhibited FMDV replication and played an important role in the activation of IFN-βand NF-κB signal pathways during FMDV infection.FMDV infection triggered RIP2 transcription,while it reduced the expression of RIP2 protein.Detailed analysis showed that FMDV 2B,2C,3C^(pro),and L^(pro) proteins were responsible for inducing the reduction of RIP2 protein.3C^(pro) and L^(pro) are viral proteinases that can induce the cleavage or reduction of many host proteins and block host protein synthesis.The carboxyl terminal 105-C114 and 135-C144 regions of 2B were essential for reduction of RIP2.Our results also showed that the N terminal 1-61 region of 2C were essential for the reduction of RIP2.The 2C-induced reduction of RIP2 was dependent on inducing the reduction of poly(A)-binding protein 1(PABPC1).The interaction between RIP2 and 2C was observed in the context of viral infection,and the residues 1-61 were required for the interaction.These data clarify novel mechanisms of reduction of RIP2 mediated by FMDV.

Comparison of Immune Responses against FMD by a DNA Vaccine Encoding the FMDV/O/IRN/2007 VP1 Gene and the Conventional Inactivated Vaccine in an Animal Model

Foot-and-mouth disease virus （FMDV） is highly contagious and responsible for huge outbreaks among cloven hoofed animals. The aim of the present study is to evaluate a plasmid DNA immunization system that expresses the FMDV/OflRN/2007 VP1 gene and compare it with the conventional inactivated vaccine in an animal model. The VP1 gene was sub-cloned into the unique Kpn I and BamH I cloning sites of the peDNA3.1＋ and pEGFP-N1 vectors to construct the VPI gene cassettes. The transfected BHKT7 cells with sub-cloned pEGFP-N1-VP1 vector expressed GFP-VP1 fusion protein and displayed more green fluorescence spots than the transfected BHKT7 cells with pEGFP-N1 vector, which solely expressed the GFP protein. Six mice groups were respectively immunized by the sub-cloned pcDNA3.1＋-VP1 gene cassette as the DNA vaccine, DNA vaccine and PCMV-SPORT-GMCSF vector （as molecular adjuvant） together, conventional vaccine, PBS （as negative control）, pcDNA3.1＋ vector （as control group） and PCMV-SPORT vector that contained the GMCSF gene （as control group）. Significant neutralizing antibody responses were induced in the mice which were immunized using plasmid vectors expressing the VP1 and GMCSF genes together, the DNA vaccine alone and the conventional inactivated vaccine （P〈0.05）. Co-administration of DNA vaccine and GMCSF gene improved neutralizing antibody response in comparison with administration of the DNA vaccine alone, but this response was the most for the conventional vaccine group. However, induction of humeral immunity response in the conventional vaccine group was more protective than for the DNA vaccine, but T-cell proliferation and IFN-？ concentration were the most in DNA vaccine with the GMCSF gene. Therefore the group that was vaccinated by DNA vaccine with the GMCSF gene, showed protective neutralizing antibody response and the most Thl cellular immunity.

Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒前导蛋白(L^(pro))亚细胞定位

为研究Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)前导蛋白(Lpro)亚细胞定位,利用RT-PCR方法获得L基因,将其定向克隆入pEGFP-N1真核表达载体,经PCR扩增、酶切鉴定及序列测定分析,将鉴定为阳性重组表达质粒命名为pEGFP-L。利用脂质体介导法将pEGFP-L转染BHK-21细胞,用荧光显微镜观察和Western blotting方法检测目的基因的表达,经碘化丙啶(PI)染色后在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察Lpro的亚细胞定位。结果表明,成功构建重组表达质粒pEGFP-L;FMDV L基因在BHK-21细胞中得到表达;Western blotting证实表达的Lpro具有反应活性;激光共聚焦显微镜观察发现Lpro在BHK-21细胞中呈弥散性分布。

国内不同基因型Asia1型口蹄疫病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立

目的建立口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)Asia1型江苏/05谱系及新疆/03谱系毒株的二联RT-PCR检测方法。方法在比较大量国内外FMDV流行毒株序列的基础上,设计检测不同基因型Asia1型FMDV江苏/05谱系及新疆/03谱系毒株的二联PCR引物,优化单项和二联RT-PCR反应条件,并进行特异性及相关病毒检测。结果优化的单项和二联RT-PCR特异性均良好,检测9份FMDV,病料的结果与其基因序列测定结果完全一致。结论已建立了FMDVAsia1型江苏/05谱系和新疆/03谱系毒株的二联RT-PCR检测方法,为FMDV的诊断、流行病学调查及疫苗应用奠定了基础。

Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒多抗原表位真核表达质粒的构建及表达

为了构建Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒多抗原表位真核表达质粒,采用多表位基因串联策略,合成包括口蹄疫病毒T细胞和B细胞表位基因的基因片段F,该基因片段由结构蛋白VP1上的2个B细胞表位(VP1135-159aa、VP1194-211aa)基因、非结构蛋白3A和3D上的T细胞表位(3A21-35aa、3D795-803aa)基因组成。利用限制性内切酶HindⅢ、XbaⅠ将基因片段F克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)。经酶切鉴定、序列分析正确后,利用LipofectamineTM2000将阳性重组质粒pc-F转染至BHK-21细胞。Western-blot和IFA分析结果显示,所表达的蛋白大小约25.4ku,能够与Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒标准兔抗血清发生特异性反应,证实所表达的蛋白具有较好的反应原性。结果表明,Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒多抗原表位真核表达质粒pc-F构建成功,且能在BHK-21细胞中正确表达。

口蹄疫病毒Asia 1/JSWX株基因组全长感染性克隆的体外拯救与序列分析

通过反转录聚合酶链反应,获得了口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)Asia1/JSWX株基因组3′端长片段(长约7.5kb)和5′UTR中ploy(C)前后的2个短片段。5′UTR的2个短片段经融合PCR扩增得到长约710bp的片段。用引物在基因组5′末端引入AflⅡ酶切位点和T7启动子,在5′UTR内引入SpeⅠ酶切鉴定位点,在3′末端引入NotⅠ酶切位点,将融合片段和3′端长片段顺次连接到载体pSL1180。经T7体外转录系统获取的RNA转录本与脂质体共转染BHK21细胞。测序结果表明,构建的病毒基因组全长cDNA为8 197nt,分别包括1个长为1 095nt的5′UTR[含有1个17nt的ploy(C)];1个长6 990nt的ORF;1个长为93nt的3′UTR;之后是18nt的poly(A)尾巴。该全长cDNA克隆与Asia 1/Jiangsu/China/2005株基因组序列的同源性为98.4%。测序和酶切鉴定结果均表明,该口蹄疫病毒株全长cDNA克隆已构建成功,该方法极大地简化了获得FMDV全长cDNA克隆的过程。通过反转录聚合酶链反应、间接免疫荧光试验和蚀斑试验等鉴定,本试验获得了感染性分子克隆;体外拯救获得的基因工程病毒连续传代培养后,可致BHK21细胞产生病变。上述结果表明,构建的cDNA克隆可以作为基因操作的载体,为深入研究安全性好、稳定性高和免疫原性强的基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。

3C^(pro)of FMDV inhibits type II interferon-stimulated JAK-STAT signaling pathway by blocking STAT1 nuclear translocation

Foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV)has developed various strategies to antagonize the host innate immunity.FMDV Lpro and 3Cpro interfere with type I IFNs through different mechanisms.The structural protein VP3 of FMDV degrades Janus kinase 1 to suppress IFN-γsignaling transduction.Whether non-structural proteins of FMDV are involved in restraining type II IFN signaling pathways is unknown.In this study,it was shown that FMDV replication was resistant to IFN-γtreatment after the infection was established and FMDV inhibited type II IFN induced expression of IFN-γ-stimulated genes(ISGs).We also showed for the first time that FMDV non-structural protein 3C antagonized IFN-γ-stimulated JAK-STAT signaling pathway by blocking STAT1 nuclear translocation.3C^(pro)expression significantly reduced the ISGs transcript levels and palindromic gamma-activated sequences(GAS)promoter activity,without affecting the protein level,tyrosine phosphorylation,and homodimerization of STAT1.Finally,we provided evidence that 3C protease activity played an essential role in degrading KPNA1 and thus inhibited ISGs mRNA and GAS promoter activities.Our results reveal a novel mechanism by which an FMDV non-structural protein antagonizes host type II IFN signaling.

宿主细胞基因序列插入亚洲1型口蹄疫病毒导致病毒对牛的致病性减弱的研究

1株Asia 1型口蹄疫疫苗毒株在BHK21悬浮培养细胞中传代时与宿主BHK21细胞m RNA重组,导致VP1第206位与第207位氨基酸之间插入了VDLV序列,该插入突变使得疫苗免疫效果大幅下降,不能产生有效保护。比较发现,含12 nt插入序列的变异毒株(Vac-Asia1-VDLV)与亲本毒株(Asia 1/HN/06)在BHK21细胞上的生长曲线存在较大差异,变异毒株可感染CHO-K1,pgsA-745,pgsB-618,pgsD-677细胞,毒价可达到1×105PFU/mL以上,而亲本毒不能感染CHO类细胞并产生蚀斑。动物试验结果显示,乳鼠半数致死量(LD50)与亲本毒株相比变化不明显。但牛感染试验表明,大剂量(1×107LD50)接种牛舌面,Vac-Asia1-VDLV不引起体温反应和其它临床症状,荧光定量PCR检测鼻拭子和血液时未发现病毒,而Asia 1/HN/06引起典型的口蹄疫症状,鼻拭子和血液中检出病毒。上述试验结果表明,与亲本毒相比,变异毒株Vac-Asia 1-VDLV对牛的致病性明显降低。