Numerical simulation of horizontal transversal displacement under different fixed clamping force of welding fixture for superalloy during TIG welding

A numerical model is established by Abaqus software for superalloy during tungsten inert gas （TIG） welding with welding fixture to simulate the weld temperature filed, stress and strain field, and weld plate＇s horizontal trasnsveral shift. The clamp force perpendicular to the weld plate varying with welding time was analyzed. The maximum clamp force during welding process was calculated. Under the condition of insufficient of clamping force, a half or one third of the maximum clamp force for example, the weld plate＇s horizontal transversal displacement could happen and also be computed.

An evaluation of force-based design vs.direct displacement-based design of jointed precast post-tensioned wall systems

The unique features of jointed post-tensioned wall systems, which include minimum structural damage and re-centering capability when subjected to earthquake lateral loads, are the result of using unbonded post-tensioning to attach the walls to the foundation, along with employing energy dissipating shear connectors between the walls. Using acceptance criteria defined in terms of inter-story drift, residual drift, and floor acceleration, this study presents a multiplelevel performance-based seismic evaluation of two five-story unbonded post-tensioned jointed precast wall systems. The design and analysis of these two wall systems, established as the direct displacement-based and force-based solutions for a prototype building used in the PREcast Seismic Structural Systems （PRESSS） program, were performed at 60% scale so that the analysis model could be validated using the PRESSS test data. Both buildings satisfied the performance criteria at four levels of earthquake motions although the design base shear of the direct displacement-based jointed wall system was 50% of that demanded by the force-based design method. The study also investigated the feasibility of controlling the maximum transient inter-story drift in a jointed wall system by increasing the number of energy dissipating shear connectors between the walls but without significantly affecting its re-centering capability.

Force-displacement characteristics of simply supported beam laminated with shape memory alloys

As a preliminary step in the nonlinear design of shape memory alloy（SMA） composite structures,the force-displacement characteristics of the SMA layer are studied.The bilinear hysteretic model is adopted to describe the constitutive relationship of SMA material.Under the assumption that there is no point of SMA layer finishing martensitic phase transformation during the loading and unloading process,the generalized restoring force generated by SMA layer is deduced for the case that the simply supported beam vibrates in its first mode.The generalized force is expressed as piecewise-nonlinear hysteretic function of the beam transverse displacement.Furthermore the energy dissipated by SMA layer during one period is obtained by integration,then its dependencies are discussed on the vibration amplitude and the SMA＇s strain（Ms-Strain） value at the beginning of martensitic phase transformation.It is shown that SMA＇s energy dissipating capacity is proportional to the stiffness difference of bilinear model and nonlinearly dependent on Ms-Strain.The increasing rate of the dissipating capacity gradually reduces with the amplitude increasing.The condition corresponding to the maximum dissipating capacity is deduced for given value of the vibration amplitude.The obtained results are helpful for designing beams laminated with shape memory alloys.

Occasional Forces and Displacements of Longitudinally Coupled Ballastless Jointless Turnout on Bridges

For the longitudinally coupled baUastless turnout on Leida bridge on Wuhan-Guangzhou passenger dedicated line （PDL） in China, a turnout （cross over）-track slab-bridge deck-pier integrated finite element model was established, in which two No. 18 jointless turnouts with movable frogs in form of crossover, longitudinally coupled ballastless track, bridges and piers were regarded as one system. Based on this model, the additional forces and displacement regularities of turnouts, track slab, bridges and piers under occasional loading were analyzed, and the effect of occasional loading position was researched. The results show that slab breaking is more influential on the longitudinal force and deformation of the whole system than rail breaking, that slab breaking on one line could deteriorate both the slab force on another line and the forces exerted on the piers and fastener components, and that a great slab force at the left end of the continuous bridge expansion joint should be particularly avoided in design.

A Breakthrough of Primary Structure in Indeterminate Analysi--Irregular Force Method and Irregular Displacement Method

As the strict limitation of primary structure in traditional force method and displacement method in indeterminate analysis may lead to complicated high-order linear equations, a breakthrough of the limitation, i.e., the application of irregular force method and irregular displacement method, would be introduced in this paper to ease the difficulty of hand computations. By using hyperstatic primary structures and partly chained primary structures, the primary structures of force method and displacement method are reformed, and the order of the system is decreased. The technique is explained through examples. The significance of the new method is summarized.

Parameter Identification Based on Force-Displacement Curves for a Bolted Joint Finite Element Model

In order to identify the uncertain parameters of a bolted joint finite element model,a simple and applicable way of parameter identification is introduced.By utilizing numerical simulation with the Abaqus software and experimental investigation with the MTS material testing system,the tangential force-displacement curves that reflect the characteristics of the bolted joint were acquired.On the basis of this,by employing the response surface methodology（RSM）and genetic algorithms（GAs）,parameters in the FEM model were identified.The force-displacement curves by both virtual and experimental approaches are well correlated at the end.This phenomenon-based parameter identification method may help facilitate precise prediction of complex jointed connection structures.

Study on the Sliding Displacement of a Sliding Structure Subjected to Multi directional Earthquake Excitation

Transient dynamic analysis is used to study the effect of the bidirectional interaction of friction on the response of sliding displacement of a sliding structure subjected to bidirectional earthquake ground motion. The analysis varies the parameters of amplitude ratio of earthquake excitation, the period of the superstructure, and the coefficient of friction in the sliding support. Numerical results show that the sliding structure is significantly influenced by the interaction of frictional forces. So the sliding displacement may be underestimated and the acceleration of the superstructure may be overrated if the bidirectional interaction of frictional forces is neglected.

The Study of Force and the Mechanical Characteristic of Incremental Launching Construction Method on a Steel-Concrete Continuous Beam Bridge

The usage of steel-mixed composite beams is quite extensive today.During an event of constructing steel-mixed composite bridges,the incremental launching construction method is generally adopted.This paper mainly analyzes the force of incremental launching construction on a steel-concrete continuous beam bridge,the classification of incremental launching construction,the application of incremental launching construction in steel-mixed composite beams,the temporary facilities existing in incremental launching construction as well as their existing problems.Lastly,the analysis of the stress of composite beams in incremental launching construction is described by using the reference for the construction of mixed composite continuous beam bridges provided.

Measurement of Binding Force between Microtubule-Associated Protein and Microtubule

Microtubule-associated proteins （MAPs） are important proteins in cells. They can regulate the organization, dynamics and function of microtubules. We measure the binding force between microtubule and a new plant MAP, i.e. AtMAP65-1, by dual-optical tweezers. The force is obtained to be 14.6 ± 3.5 pN from the data statistics and analysis. This force measurement is helpful to understand the function and mechanism of MAPs from the mechanical point of view and lays the groundwork for future measurements of the mechanical properties of other biological macro-molecules.

Study on adhesively-bonded surface of tapered double cantilever specimen made of aluminum foam affected with shear force

Aluminum foam is widely used in diverse areas to minimize the weight and maximize the absorption of shock energy in lightweight structures and various bio-materials.It presents a number of advantages,such as low density,incombustibility,non-rigidity,excellent energy absorptivity,sound absorptivity and low heat conductivity.The aluminum foam with an air cell structure was placed under the TDCB Mode II tensile load by using Landmark equipment manufactured by MTS to examine the shear failure behavior.The angle of the tapered adhesively-bonded surfaces of specimens was designated as a variable,and three models were developed with the inclined angles differing from one another at 6°,8° and 10°.The specimens with the inclined angles of 6°,8° and 10° have the maximum reaction forces of 168 N,194 N when the forced displacements are 6,5 and 4.2 mm respectively.There are three specimens with the inclined angles of 10°,8° and 6° in the order of maximum reaction force.As the analysis result,the maximum equivalent stresses of 0.813 MPa and 0.895 MPa happened when the forced displacements of 6 mm and 5 mm proceeded at the models of 6° and 8°,respectively.A simulation was carried out on the basis of finite element method and the experimental design.The results of the experiment and the simulation analysis are shown not different from each other significantly.Thus,only a simulation could be confirmed to be performed in substitution of an experiment,which is costly and time-consuming in order to determine the shearing properties of materials made of aluminum foam with artificial data.

A Study on Propagation Mechanism of Fracture Systems in Rock Masses by Discontinuity Displacement Method

The main task of fracture mechanics of rock masses is the study on the propagating mechanism of fractures in rock masses , which can be efficiently conducted by discontinuty displacement (DD) numerical evaluation . Firstly ,the element stress and displacement are analysed and the principle and steps of the numerical calculation of stress intensity factor and fracture extension force are introduced .The numerical results of parallel and echelon fracture systems ,which are compared with real field fractures .are presented. Finally . a simple engineering application example is presented .

The Use of Tamping Machine for Diagnosising the Longitudinal Forces in Rails of CWR Track

In the novel approach to the diagnostic tests of continuous welded rail （CWR） track by the use of the tamping machine, the fundamental statement related to the recording of the curvature with a definite value of the lateral displacement being subjected to verification, can provide a basis for the determination of the longitudinal axial force in the rail. An attempt has also been made to define an alternative factor which by means of the measured signals, could be used for the determination of the axial forces in the rail sections. A power engineering approach has been adopted to this concept. Within the framework of the experimental investigations, measurements were carried out in the track test section. The investigations were based on stretching the rail sections by stretchers and on lateral displacements of the track by the tamping machine. The operation of the measuring apparatus was also tested in the experimental railway track section while carrying out the geometrical adjustments by the tamping machine. As a result of next series of the investigation carried out in 2006-2007, the authors worked out a procedure of estimating the longitudinal forces in rails of CWR track.

Complex PTSD and Forced Migration of Children and Adolescents from Latin America

In order to provide culturally competent care to children and adolescents that have been subject to forced migration,clinicians must first understand the unique trauma these individuals experienced.Victims of forced migration frequently experience trauma pre-displacement,typically resulting from the same factors that led to the forced migration.They then often experience trau­ma during the migration itself and post-migration as they settle in a new environment,sometimes without their families if they are unaccompanied minors.An increased risk of developing complex PTSD(C-PTSD)correlates with the number of adverse childhood experiences(ACEs)such as those experienced by children and adolescents that experience forced migration.Understanding the nu­ances of these traumas and their specific manifestations for the individual child or adolescent is critical for effective behavioral health support.Trauma signature(TSIG)analysis offers clinicians a method to understand the relationship between traumatic events and the physical and psychological consequences to best support these victims.

页岩油储层压裂液渗吸驱油机理研究

压裂液渗吸驱油是当前页岩油储层提高采收率的重要技术手段。通过评价压裂液润湿改性处理剂对渗吸驱油效率的影响,研究页岩油储层压裂渗吸驱油机理。测试了处理剂的表面张力、界面张力和润湿性,考察了处理剂与常规压裂液的配伍性,评价了不同孔隙尺寸岩样的渗吸驱油效率。结果表明:阴离子表面活性剂AOS(α-烯基磺酸钠)为最佳压裂液润湿改性处理剂,颗粒、基质和裂缝岩样的渗吸驱油效率分别为8.17%、17.55%和37.37%。证实渗吸驱油动力包括浮力、浮力-毛细管力和毛细管力,改性剂通过改变岩石润湿性增强毛细管力提高驱油效率,较常规压裂液渗吸驱油效率提高约152.9%。孔隙结构影响渗吸驱油的主导作用力,小孔以毛细管力为主,天然、水力裂缝则以浮力为主。通过研究压裂液渗吸驱油机理,对致密页岩油高效开发具有指导意义。

基坑开挖导致邻近既有隧道变形的主动控制研究

采用有限元分析方法对新型支撑轴力主动控制系统进行了研究,提出了一种支撑轴力设计方法;在对支撑不施加主动轴力的情况下,研究了花岗岩残积土地层中基坑开挖对既有隧道的影响,根据基坑侧边不同位置隧道在基坑开挖作用下的位移划分了基坑开挖影响区;基于提出的轴力设计方法,研究了基坑开挖过程中支撑轴力主动控制对既有隧道位移的影响规律;获得了隧道位移控制到预警值10 mm以下的临界控制比,分析了其在不同隧道位置时的分布规律。结果表明:该地层中的影响区范围相对已有研究的影响区更小;隧道位移与地连墙位移的控制比近似呈正比关系;基坑腰部0.6倍挖深位置附近隧道的水平位移需进行最严格的控制,靠近基坑且深度较深的区域通过水平位移控制得到的临界控制比更小,应以隧道水平位移控制为主,而远离基坑且深度较浅的区域应以隧道竖向位移控制为主;花岗岩残积土中的基坑开挖影响区以及对临界控制比的量化研究成果可为类似工程提供参考。

浅埋无中导洞连拱隧道先行洞衬砌承担围岩荷载确定方法

不同于常规隧道衬砌结构,无中导洞连拱隧道先行洞衬砌施作稳定后还要受到邻近后行洞开挖的二次扰动,后行洞开挖对先行洞衬砌受力的影响不可忽视。依托杨家寨公路隧道工程,基于考虑了后行洞开挖影响的隧道围岩压力计算方法,结合现场监测位移数据采用荷载-结构法进行位移反分析,提出了一种确定浅埋无中导洞连拱隧道先行洞衬砌承担围岩荷载的方法,最后和衬砌背后围岩荷载现场监测值进行对比验证。研究结果表明:后行洞开挖对先行洞衬砌承担围岩荷载的影响较为显著,监测点增长幅度均值高达142%;先行洞衬砌受力呈现“拱腰较小,拱顶及拱肩较大”的分布规律,且靠近后行洞一侧拱肩位置受力最大;通过现场监测位移反分析得到的先行洞衬砌受力结果和现场监测结果较为一致,论证了该方法的合理性和实用性,研究成果可为无中导洞连拱隧道结构设计提供参考。

论约束重构在虚位移原理求解系统内力中的应用

系统内力即作用力与反作用力是成对出现的,涉及两个物体.用虚位移原理求解静力学系统内力时作用力与反作用力一般都有虚功,要分别确定虚位移,分别计算虚功,过程比较复杂.本文提出重新构建系统外部约束,把系统内力涉及的两个物体中的一个固定下来,于是作用力与反作用力中的一个力虚位移为零、虚功为零,从而简化内力虚功计算过程.拆除系统原有约束时要保留相应约束力,重新构建约束时不能使系统成为超静定问题.

护盾式临时支护机器人带压行驶液压控制系统研究

护盾式临时支护机器人是适应夹矸与片帮共存的大断面巷道智能掘进机器人系统的重要组成部分,其主要功能是为实现“掘支并行”作业提供安全可靠的工作空间。为加强护盾式临时支护机器人推移行驶过程中对围岩的安全稳定支护,根据护盾式临时支护机器人结构、工作环境与作业需求,建立其带压行驶的推移量与支护力数学模型及带压行驶动力学模型,设计了护盾式临时支护机器人带压行驶液压控制系统。该系统主要由支护液压系统、行驶液压系统组成:静态支护时,支护液压系统需时刻输出大于上盾体自身重力的支护力,行驶液压系统处于待机状态;带压行驶时,支护液压系统和行驶液压系统同时工作,在保证临时支护机器人“减压不离顶”的同时,与顶板时刻带压并稳步前移。提出了基于模糊PID的护盾式临时支护机器人带压行驶精准控制方法:通过集成在推移油缸上的位移传感器与液压回路中的压力传感器实时采集临时支护机器人的压力与位移信号,用于反映临时支护机器人带压行驶途中支护力和行驶位移的变化情况,并根据支护力和推移量的误差和误差率,利用模糊PID算法对支护力和推移量的控制参数进行修正,实现基于模糊PID算法的带压行驶可靠控制。仿真与实验结果均表明,模糊PID控制的效果优于传统PID控制,在模糊PID控制下,护盾式临时支护机器人推移行驶过程中的支护力相对误差小于1%,行驶位移误差小于2 mm,且支护力和推移量控制响应速度快,保证了推移行驶过程中对围岩的安全稳定支护。

冗余驱动并联机构受力特性的控制方法研究

针对冗余驱动并联机构的驱动力优化,提出冗余驱动并联机构的位移协调模型,该模型考虑了各驱动臂的弹性变形和执行机构的位移。研究全位置控制、混合位置/力控制和全力控制3种控制方法在冗余驱动并联机构的力学特性,分析每种控制方法中驱动力/力矩、作动器位移、外载荷和驱动臂刚度之间的相关性,揭示了不同控制方法下输入位移和驱动臂刚度对力分布的影响规律。最后通过冗余驱动并联机构的实验平台,对3种控制方法进行了验证,并探讨了3种控制方法在不同工况下的应用。

书夹型钢-混组合结构在桥梁加宽中的应用研究

为避免桥梁加宽时下部结构拓宽,减少新旧桥面纵向裂缝及铺装层损伤,提出一种以钢结构立柱及护栏、书夹式钢板、高强度螺栓为主要构件,超高性能混凝土(UHPC)为铺装层的书夹型钢-混组合结构进行桥梁加宽。为评估该组合结构在运营条件下的安全性,以厦门官浔溪大桥加宽工程为背景,通过实桥现场静载试验研究水平荷载作用下书夹型钢-混组合结构的力学性能,并与数值仿真结果进行对比,验证试验结果的可靠性。结果表明:实测结果与数值仿真结果吻合良好;书夹型钢-混组合结构关键部位荷载~位移曲线、荷载~应力曲线呈线性变化,钢结构最大拉应力约为材料屈服强度的75%,整体结构处于弹性工作阶段;螺栓预紧力有效减少了高强度螺栓的直剪作用,降低了剪切疲劳破坏风险;采用书夹型钢-混组合结构进行桥梁加宽可有效避免下部结构拓宽,改善新旧桥面纵向裂缝及铺装层损伤,具有较好的加宽效果。