Stiffness degradation-based damage model for RC members and structures using fiber-beam elements

To meet the demand for an accurate and highly efficient damage model with a distinct physical meaning for performance-based earthquake engineering applications, a stiffness degradation-based damage model for reinforced concrete （RC） members and structures was developed using fiber beam-column elements. In this model, damage indices for concrete and steel fibers were defined by the degradation of the initial reloading modulus and the low-cycle fatigue law. Then, section, member, story and structure damage was evaluated by the degradation of the sectional bending stiffness, rod-end bending stiffness, story lateral stiffness and structure lateral stiffness, respectively. The damage model was realized in Matlab by reading in the outputs of OpenSees. The application of the damage model to RC columns and a RC frame indicates that the damage model is capable of accurately predicting the magnitude, position, and evolutionary process of damage, and estimating stow damage more precisely than inter-story drift. Additionally, the damage model establishes a close connection between damage indices at various levels without introducing weighting coefficients or force-displacement relationships. The development of the model has perfected the damage assessment function of OpenSees, laying a solid foundation for damage estimation at various levels of a large-scale structure subjected to seismic loading.

Evaluation of stiffness in a cellulose fiber reinforced epoxy laminates for structural applications:Experimental and finite element analysis

Natural fiber composites have been proved to have the ability to replace the synthetic fiber composites in many structural applications. Unprecedented growth in the field of computational techniques has opened the doors of analysis and simulation of composite materials under various environment.Modelling and simulation using various available softwares saves a lot of time and resources. In the present work, an attempt has been made to analyze the tensile behavior of jute fiber reinforced epoxy based polymer composite materials using the student version of commercially available finite element code Siemens PLM NX 10.0. In most of the structural applications, materials are required to have enough stiffness to resist the shape deformation under normal loading conditions. Therefore, emphasis is given to the load-deformation behavior of the developed composites. A 3-dimensional model of the test specimen was developed using ply-stacking method and the strain-stress values were verified by the available literature. The model showed a good agreement between the experimental and software results. Effect of ply angle, fiber percentage, fiber type, number of layers and weft fiber angle on the stiffness of laminate have been studied.

Application of the Finite Element Method in the Glass Fiber Bushing Research

Design and optimization of bushing at present mainly use the traditional experience method.The relevant research that adopts computer simulation to carry on the operation behavior of the bushing has appeared in recent years.How to use the finite element method to research bushing was introduced in the article.Physics fields and many relevant parameters of one real bushing were calculated.Through the results of calculation,it indicate that the finite element method is very useful in bushing research of designing and optimizing.

Calculation of the Coupling Coefficient of Twin-Core Fiber Based on the Supermode Theory with Finite Element Method

Currently, coupled mode theory (CMT) is widely used for calculating the coupling coefficient of twin-core fibers (TCFs) that are used in a broad range of important applications. This approach is highly accurate for scenarios with weak coupling between the cores but shows significant errors in the strong coupling scenarios, necessitating the use of a more accurate method for coupling coefficient calculations. Therefore, in this work, we calculate the coupling coefficients of TCFs using the supermode theory with finite element method (FEM) that has higher accuracy than CMT, particularly for the strong coupling TCF. To investigate the origin of the differences between the results obtained by these two methods, the modal field distributions of the supermodes of TCF are simulated and analyzed in detail.

Portable fiber-optic laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system for the quantitative analysis of minor elements in steel

In this paper, we developed a portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) using an optical fiber to deliver laser energy and used it to quantitatively analyze minor elements in steel.The R^2 factors of calibration curves of elements Mn, Ti, V, and Cr in pig iron were 0.9965,0.9983, 0.9963, and 0.991, respectively, and their root mean square errors of cross-validation were 0.0501, 0.0054, 0.0205, and 0.0245 wt%, respectively. Six test samples were used for the validation of the performance of the calibration curves established by the portable LIBS. The average relative errors of elements Mn, Ti, V, and Cr were 2.5%, 11.7%, 13.0%, and 5.6%,respectively. These results were comparable with most results reported in traditional LIBS in steel or other matrices. However, the portable LIBS is flexible, compact, and robust, providing a promising prospect in industrial application.

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams

By the nonlinear finite element analysis （FEA） method, the mechanical properties of the steel fiber reinforced concrete （SFRC） deep beams were discussed in terms of the crack load and ultimate bearing capacity. In the simulation process, the ANSYS parametric design language （APDL） was used to set up the finite element model; the model of bond stress-slip relationship between steel bar and concrete was established. The nonlinear FEA results and test results demonstrated that the steel fiber can not only significantly improve the cracking load and ultimate bearing capacity of the concrete but also repress the development of the cracks. Meanwhile, good agreement was found between the experimental data and FEA results, if the unit type, the parameter model and the failure criterion are selected reasonably.

Finite Element Modeling of Stamp Forming Process on Fiber Metal Laminates

Fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) possess huge potential in mass-reduction strategy of automotive industry. In order to understand behavior of FMLs as they undergo stamp forming processes, finite element analyses of surface strain evolutions have been carried out. The simulations provide strains at locations within the layers of an FML, allowing better understanding of forming behavior of the composite layer and its influence on the metal layers. Finite element analyses were conducted on two aluminum-based FMLs with different fiber-reinforced composites and benchmarked against monolithic aluminum alloy. The simulation results indicated that high stiffness of the reinforcement constrains flow of the matrix in the composite layer, which can be attributed to the distinguishing behavior of the FMLs compared to the monolithic aluminum alloy.

Finite Element Modeling of Stamp Forming Process on Thermoplastic-Based Fiber Metal Laminates at Elevated Temperatures

This paper investigated stamp forming performance of two aluminum-based Fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) with different fiber-reinforced composites using finite element analysis. Given the inherent thermal-dependent properties of fiber-reinforced polypropylene, the effect of elevated temperature on its forming behavior is worthy of concern. Furthermore, the elevation in temperature also influences the bonding within the constituent lamina. Both factors were integrated in the modelling. By investigating the through-thickness strain evolution throughout the stamping process, the forming mode of each layer, as well as their interactions, were better understood. Results suggested that the flow of matrix and the rotation at the intersections of fiber strands can be promoted at elevated temperature, which transforms the forming performance of FMLs close to that of monolithic aluminum. These results propose means to improve the forming performance of FMLs.

Single-polarization single-mode hollow-core negative curvature fiber with nested U-type cladding elements

Hollow-core negative curvature fibers(HC-NCFs)have become one of the research hotspots in the field of optical fiber because of their potential applications in the data and energy transmissions.In this work,a new kind of single-polarization single-mode HC-NCF with nested U-type cladding elements is proposed.To achieve the single-polarization single-mode transmission,we use two different silica tubes in thickness,which satisfy the resonance and anti-resonance conditions on the U-type cladding elements and the cladding tubes,respectively.Besides,the elliptical elements are introduced to achieve good single-mode performance.By studying the influences of the structure parameters on the propagation characteristics,the optimized structure parameters are obtained.The simulation results show that when the wavelength is fixed at 1550 nm,the single-polarization single-mode transmission is achieved,with the polarization extinction ratio of 25749 and minimum high-order mode extinction ratio of 174.Furthermore,the confinement loss is only 0.0015 dB/m.

Measurement of Rotatory Optics Element in Tensor Dielectric Matrix for Rotatory Optical Fiber

The rotatory optics element in the tensor dielectric coefficient matrix is an important para-(meter) for analyzing and calculating a rotatory optical fiber by electromagnetic theory. But the mea-(surement) of rotatory optics element is difficult for the rotatory optical fiber. A simple principle and method for measuring rotatory optics element are put forward in this paper. Firstly by using electromagnetic theory it was demonstrated that the rotatory optics element has a simple linear relation with the rotatory angle, and then the rotatory optics element has a simple linear relation with the magnetic field strength (or bias current in the helix coil) . Secondly a measurement system for the rotatory optics element in the rotatory optical fiber was designed. Using the measurement system the rotatory element can be obtained by measuring the bias current simply.

Comparison and Finite Element Analysis of Steel or Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Precast, Prestressed Beams

Usage of fiber reinforced concrete to replace shear reinforcement has become more common in the precast industry in recent years. In some cases, the use of steel fibers could be problematic because of corrosion, hence, synthetic material could be a suitable alternative material solution. Thus, it would appear logical to undertake a comparison of these fibers＇ load bearing capacity to determine suitability in each case. In this paper, the bending and the shear tests of four large-scale and prestressed beams made of steel or synthetic fiber reinforced concrete without stirrups are presented. The post-cracking residual tensile strength diagram of the fibers, according to RILEM （International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures） TC162, is given and the experimental behavior of the fiber solutions is compared. The modified fracture energy method is used to define an advanced material model for the fiber reinforced concrete in the finite element analysis. The numerical calculations and the test results are compared in terms of crack propagation and the loading-deflect＇ion process. As a consequence, both steel and synthetic fibers seem to be good alternatives to replace the stirrups. However, the behavior of each fiber is not the same. The numerical calculation provided a good approximation for the real scale tests.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 2D FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES USING BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD

The boundary dement method was improved for the 2D elastic composites with randomly distributed inclusions. This problem can be reduced to a boundary integral equation for a multi-connected domain. Further, considering the matrices of the tractions and displacements for each group of the identical inclusion were the same, an effective computational scheme was designed, since the orders of the resulting matrix equations can be greatly reduced. Numerical examples indicate that this boundary element method scheme is more effective than the conventional multi-domain boundary element method for such a problem. The present scheme can be used to investigate the effective mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced composites.

温度影响下碳纤维导线分层力学特性有限元分析

为探明温度对碳纤维导线分层力学特性的影响,考虑拐点温度,利用电热模块施加不同电压得到多种温度,并计算分析不同温度和拉断力条件下碳纤维导线的各层、各股和各截面应力应变分布.研究结果表明:拐点温度后,碳芯受到正向应力但铝绞线承受负向应力,使碳纤维导线失去了承担拉断力的作用;各股线的最大应力和应变均出现在线的两端,倒角位置的应力和应变结果略大于对应股线主体上的应力;碳纤维导线各个截面的最大应力均为正值,均出现在碳芯上,其靠近外力施加端截面的最大应力出现突然下降的现象;碳纤维导线更适用于各种温度条件,但应注意导线两端夹持位置和梯形截面中小截面的力学特性变化.

钢-玄武岩混杂纤维混凝土压力管道有限元分析

重点研究了掺入钢-玄武岩的混杂纤维混凝土对水电站压力管道外包混凝土承载特性、开裂后裂缝形态以及钢衬和钢筋应力的影响.对10组不同掺量的钢-玄武岩混杂纤维钢筋混凝土试件进行轴向拉伸试验,获得了钢-玄武岩混杂纤维混凝土的相关力学性能参数.以三峡水电站钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道结构为例,利用有限元软件对钢-玄武岩混杂纤维的掺入对压力管道钢材应力、管道外包混凝土裂缝扩展与裂缝宽度的影响进行分析.结合三峡水电站压力管道结构的大比尺模型试验结果,对比分析了钢衬钢筋钢-玄武岩混杂纤维混凝土压力管道与常规钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道两种方案下的钢衬及钢筋应力.结果表明,掺入钢-玄武岩混杂纤维后压力管道结构整体受力更加均匀,且管道外包混凝土的裂缝数量和裂缝宽度也有显著的降低,同时压力管道的钢衬及钢筋应力明显降低.

纤维金属板蜂窝夹芯结构鸟体高速冲击损伤分析

纤维金属板蜂窝夹芯结构作为一种轻质航空结构,研究其抗鸟体高速冲击性能具有重要的现实意义。本文提出一种基于连续介质损伤力学的有限元模型,研究鸟体高速冲击下纤维金属板蜂窝夹芯结构的力学行为及损伤机理。采用光滑粒子流体动力学(Smooth particle hydrodynamics, SPH)法对鸟体类流体力学行为进行建模;采用Johnson-Cook模型模拟金属层冲击力学响应;采用三维Hashin准则,考虑应变率效应,模拟复合材料层板面内损伤演化;采用界面单元模拟层间分层现象。编写用户材料VUMAT子程序,实现基于ABAQUS/Explicit软件平台的数值求解。探讨鸟体速度、蜂窝高度和面板厚度对纤维金属板蜂窝夹芯结构鸟体冲击性能的影响,分析预应力条件下纤维金属板蜂窝夹芯结构鸟体高速冲击损伤特性,为夹芯结构鸟体冲击问题数值分析提供一定的参考。

基于布里渊动态光栅的高灵敏度保偏光纤多参量同时解调

为了实现基于保偏光纤在布里渊动态光栅的温度、快轴压力和慢轴压力同时解调,并克服传统压力传感灵敏度不足的缺点,提出了一种边孔型高灵敏度光子晶体光纤。利用有限元方法,研究了温度、快轴压力和慢轴压力与双折射频移、布里渊频移和布里渊线宽之间的关系,据此可实现多参量的同时解调。结果表明,该光子晶体光纤可以实现三参量的同时解调,且解调误差在1 MPa和1℃以内。快轴压力、慢轴压力和温度的误差均值分别为0.21 MPa、0.31 MPa和0.30℃,误差的标准差分别为0.15 MPa、0.21 MPa和0.21℃。在施加0~30 MPa的横向压力和0~100℃的温度时,该光子晶体光纤快轴方向上的压力灵敏度为-1.961 GHz/MPa,光纤慢轴方向上的压力灵敏度为1.356 GHz/MPa,其温度灵敏度为0.105MHz/℃。相较于目前最优结构的光子晶体光纤压力灵敏度提升了-957MHz/MPa。该传感器及解调方法适用于土木结构和大型机械在建造和使用过程中监测其内部所受温度和不同方向压力的变化。

纤维增强粉煤灰基地聚合物注浆材料力学性能与模拟研究

针对粉煤灰基地聚合物注浆材料韧性差的问题,研究了两种不同纤维对注浆材料抗压强度和抗折强度的影响,并利用扫描电镜对纤维增强地聚合物注浆材料微观形貌进行分析。为进一步揭示注浆材料内部纤维的受力状态,使用ABAQUS软件建立纤维增强地聚合物注浆材料的有限元模型,对模型开展三点抗折试验模拟,探究基体的损伤破坏形态与基体内部纤维的受力情况。结果表明:与聚丙烯纤维相比,玄武岩纤维对注浆材料抗折与抗压强度提升效果更好,当玄武岩纤维的掺量为0.60%时,相较于未添加纤维的空白组,注浆材料的抗折强度与抗压强度分别提升了33.54%与19.40%;纤维可以有效减小基体的损伤面积,玄武岩纤维与聚丙烯纤维掺量分别为0.60%与0.90%时,基体内部的纤维能够充分发挥自身的抗拉强度。

高阶轨道角动量传输光纤设计及传输特性研究(内封底文章)

为解决一般轨道角动量传输光纤传输轨道角动量模式数量少、质量差的问题,提出了一种基于正六边形空气孔排列的新型光子晶体光纤结构。该光纤引入了空气填充率高的矩形空气孔以及采用高折射率材料填充环形传输区域,能够有效提高环形传输区域和包层间的折射率差,且正六边形排列空气孔有利于提高模间有效折射率差。经过结构优化得到最优光纤结构,有限元法的分析结果表明,最优结构下,该光纤在常用波段S+C+L+U波段上能够支持142种轨道角动量模式的传输,最高阶数达到36阶。且所提出光纤具有良好的传输特性,本征模式的最高限制性损耗为10−9 dB/m量级,与典型轨道角动量传输光子晶体光纤相比至少降低了一个数量级;最大有效模场面积能够达到206.18μm^(2),最小非线性系数低至0.397 W^(−1)∙km^(−1);色散平坦且最小色散变化低至1.4578 ps/(nm∙km);所有本征模式纯度均在93.4%~96.8%范围内。且该光纤具有较好的制备可行性,对制造精度要求不高。因此,该光纤在基于轨道角动量光纤的复用系统中具有广阔的应用前景,为提高通信容量提供了一种有效手段。

玄武岩纤维增强复合材料拉挤圆管抗弯性能研究

为使玄武岩纤维增强复合材料(Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer,BFRP)拉挤圆管在桥梁工程中得到更广泛地应用,对其抗弯性能进行试验及有限元分析。对2根长度为750 mm的BFRP拉挤圆管进行三点抗弯试验;采用LS-DYNA有限元软件对试验过程进行模拟,验证有限元模拟的正确性;在保持BFRP拉挤圆管总厚度不变的条件下,研究内、外层双向纤维布的铺设厚度和角度对抗弯性能的影响。结果表明:试件从加载至破坏分为线弹性阶段、下降阶段和残余阶段,试件破坏后残余强度较大且卸载后迅速回弹恢复几何形状;有限元模拟试件的荷载~滑移曲线、失效现象和试验结果吻合较好,有限元模拟正确;布置适量厚度的内、外层双向纤维布可以提高试件的抗弯承载力;将内、外层双向纤维布铺设方向由90°变为45°后,抗弯承载力进一步提高,随着外层45°纤维布厚度增加,破坏时的挠度下降。建议制作BFRP拉挤圆管时,布置适量厚度的双向纤维布,角度以45°为宜。

纤维包自动除带及拆袋机抱夹装置静力学仿真分析

为降低工人劳动强度,实现面向直行往复式自动抓棉机的纤维包自动化搬运与排放,在所设计的基于自动导向车(AGV)的抱夹车结构基础上,使用ANSYS Workbench对抱夹车的抱夹装置、抱夹支撑装置及其整体进行了静力学仿真分析,得到了各主要机构的最大应力所在位置和最大应力的数值,以及装置在约束下的最大变形量。经分析,抱夹爪最大应力发生在夹爪根部,为57.26 MPa,结构优化后的抱夹爪驱动机构最大应力为217.26 MPa,抱夹车最大变形量为3.0269 mm,最大应力发生在下支撑架上与上部滚轮接触的位置,为108.28 MPa,均满足材料强度要求。该研究验证了抱夹装置结构的强度与刚度,对不符合工作要求的薄弱构件进行了改进设计,确保了装置在实际工况下工作的可靠性与稳定性。