Numerical simulations of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC)from OMIP experiments and its sensitivity to surface forcing

Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC)plays an important role in transporting heat meridionally in the Earth’s climate system and is also a key metrical tool to verify oceanic general circulation models.Two OMIP(Ocean Model Intercomparison Project phase 1 and 2)simulations with LICOM3(version 3 of the LASG/IAP Climate System Ocean Model)developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG),Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP),are compared in this study.Both simulations well reproduce the fundamental characteristics of the AMOC,but the OMIP1 simulation shows a significantly stronger AMOC than the OMIP2 simulation.Because the LICOM3 configurations are identical between these two experiments,any differences between them must be attributed to the surface forcing data.Further analysis suggests that sea surface salinity(SSS)differences should be mainly responsible for the enhanced AMOC in the OMIP1 simulation,but sea surface temperature(SST)also play an unignorable role in modulating AMOC.In the North Atlantic,where deep convection occurs,the SSS in OMIP1 is more saline than that in OMIP1.We find that in the major region of deep convection,the change of SSS has more significant effect on density than the change of SST.As a result,the SSS was more saline than that in OMIP2,leading to stronger deep convection and subsequently intensify the AMOC.We conduct a series of numerical experiments with LICOM3,and the results confirmed that the changes in SSS have more significant effect on the strength of AMOC than the changes in SST.

A Comparison between Numerical Simulations of Forced Local Hadley (Anti-Hadley) Circulation in East Asian and Indian Monsoon Regions

Two numerical simulations of forced local Hadley circulation are carried out based on a linear diagnostic equation to provide an insight into the mechanisms of monsoon evolution in different monsoon regions. One simulation is for the zonal mean Hadley circulation over East Asia (from 95°E to 122.5°E), another over India (from 70°E to 85°E). With the NCEP/ NCAR re-analysis data re—processed by Chinese Academy of Science in Beijing, the former simulation displays a dominant anti—Hadley circulation pattern over East Asia at 1200 UTC May 1, 1994. The simulated circulation pattern is consistent well enough with the circulation pattern plotted directly from the data for lack of the radiation information at each level. Although the simulation over India is not as good as that over East Asia, a dominant Hadley circulation pattern is obvious as data show. Further analysis shows that the defective simulation over India is due to the presence of statically unstable condition at some grid points in the lower troposphere. This circumstance slightly violates the hydrodynamic stability criterion required by the elliptic diagnostic equation for the forced circulation. Since the simulations are reliable enough compared with the given data, the linear equation facilitates a systematic assessment of relative importance of each internally forcing process. The assessment shows that among the internal processes, the horizontal temperature advections account obviously for the Hadley (anti—Hadley) circulation over India (East Asia) at 1200 UTC May 1, 1994 in addition to the process associated with the latent heat releasing. The calculation of latent heat energy is a little bit unreliable due to the unclear cloud physics in the convection processes and the less accurate humidity data. These preliminary results are consistent with the results of previous studies which show that the feature of the seasonal warming in the upper troposphere and the corresponding processes are part of key processes closely related to the evolution of the summer monsoon over East Asia and India. Key words Monsoon circulation - Hadley circulation - Forced meridional circulation This work was supported by the “ National key programme of China for developing basic science” G 1998040900 part 1, NSFC 49675264 and NSFC 49875021.

On the Forced Tangentially-Averaged Radial-Vertical Circulation within Vortices. Part II: The Transformationof Tropical Storm Haima (2004)

A real case study for the transformation of Tropical Storm （TS） Haima （2004） into an extratropical cyclone （EC） is carried out numerically since,after landfall,Haima （2004） （as an EC） brought severe weather to a large area （from the south to the north） in China during 13-16 September 2004.With the linear diagnostic model （derived in a previous study） for the tangentially-averaged radial-vertical circulation within vortices moving on the spherical Earth,Haima＇s （2004） life cycle is reconstructed noticeably well.Therefore,the major contributor could be identified confidently for Haima＇s （2004） extratropical transition based on the diagnostic model outputs.The quantitative comparison shows that up to a 90% contribution to the innerregion updraft and a 55% contribution to the upper-layer outflow come from latent heating during Haima＇s （2004） TS stage.Up to a 90% contribution to the inner-region updraft and nearly a 100% contribution to the upper-layer outflow come from the upper-layer eddy angular momentum advection （EAMA） during Haima＇s （2004） EC stage.Representing the asymmetric structure of the storm,the predominantly positive contribution of the upper-layer EAMA to Haima＇s （2004） transformation is closely associated with the Sshaped westerlies in the upper layer with two jets.One jet in the cyclonic-curvature area carries cyclonic angular momentum into the storm,and the other jet in the anticyclonic-curvature area carries anticyclonic angular momentum out of the storm.Consequently,the newly-increased cyclonic tangential wind is deflected by the Coriolis force to the right to form the upper-layer outflow accompanied by the central-area rising motion,leading to Haima＇s （2004） extratropical transition after its landfall.

On the Forced Tangentially-Averaged Radial-Vertical Circulation within Vortices Part I: Concepts and Equations

A linear partial differential equation is derived in cylindrical-isobaric coordinates on the earth for the diagnostic study of the tangentially-averaged radial-vertical circulation within translating vortices. In the hydrodynamic stable atmosphere, the circulation will be forced through many dynamic and thermodynamic processes. These processes are associated with frictional torque, inertial torque, the horizontal and vertical divergence of eddy angular momentum, diabatic heating, adiabatic heating, and eddy temperature advection. For a given forcing, the intensity of circulation will increase with the decrease of static, inertial, and baroclinic stabilities. This paper also presents an explanation on the data interpolation from the latitude-longitude grid to the vortex volume gird and a brief discussion on the forcing processes.

Circulation in the South China Sea is in a state of forced oscillation:Results from a simple reduced gravity model with a closed boundary

The South China Sea(SCS)is a narrow semi-enclosed basin,ranging from 4°–6°N to 21°–22°N meridionally.It is forced by a strong annual cycle of monsoon-related wind stress.The Coriolis parameter f increases at least three times from the southern basin to the northern basin.As a result,the basin-cross time for the first baroclinic Rossby wave in the southern part of the basin is about 10-times faster than that in the northern part,which plays the most vitally important role in setting the circulation.At the northernmost edge of SCS,the first baroclinic Rossby wave takes slightly less than 1 year to move across the basin,however,it takes only 1–2 months in the southernmost part.Therefore,circulation properties for a station in the model ocean are not solely determined by the forcing at that time instance only;instead,they depend on the information over the past months.The combination of a strong annual cycle of wind forcing and large difference of basin-cross time for the first baroclinic Rossby wave leads to a strong seasonal cycle of the circulation in the SCS,hence,the circulation is dominated by the forced oscillations,rather than the quasi-steady state discussed in many textbooks.The circulation in the SCS is explored in detail by using a simple reduced gravity model forced by seasonally varying zonal wind stress.In particular,for a given time snap the western boundary current in the SCS cannot play the role of balancing mass transport across each latitude nor balancing mechanical energy and vorticity in the whole basin.In a departure from the steady wind-driven circulation discussed in many existing textbooks,the circulation in the SCS is characterized by the imbalance of mechanical energy and vorticity for the whole basin at any part of the seasonal cycle.In particular,the western boundary current in the SCS cannot balance the mass,mechanical energy,and vorticity in the seasonal cycle of the basin.Consequently,the circulation near the western boundary cannot be interpreted in terms of the wind stress and thermohaline forcing at the same time.Instead,circulation properties near the western boundary should be interpreted in terms of the contributions due to the delayed wind stress and the eastern boundary layer thickness.In fact,there is a clear annual cycle of net imbalance of mechanical energy and vorticity source/sink.Results from such a simple model may have important implications for our understanding of the complicated phenomena in the SCS,either from in-situ observations or numerical simulations.

The influence of explicit tidal forcing in a climate ocean circulation model

The eight main tidal constituents have been implemented in the global ocean general circulation model with approximate 1° horizontal resolution.Compared with the observation data,the patterns of the tidal amplitudes and phases had been simulated fairly well.The responses of mean circulation,temperature and salinity are further investigated in the global sense.When implementing the tidal forcing,wind-driven circulations are reduced,especially those in coastal regions.It is also found that the upper cell transport of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation（AMOC） reduces significantly,while its deep cell transport is slightly enhanced from 9×106m3/s to 10×106 m3/s.The changes of circulations are all related to the increase of a bottom friction and a vertical viscosity due to the tidal forcing.The temperature and salinity of the model are also significantly affected by the tidal forcing through the enhanced bottom friction,mixing and the changes in mean circulation.The largest changes occur in the coastal regions,where the water is cooled and freshened.In the open ocean,the changes are divided into three layers：cooled and freshened on the surface and below 3 000 m,and warmed and salted in the middle in the open ocean.In the upper two layers,the changes are mainly caused by the enhanced mixing,as warm and salty water sinks and cold and fresh water rises;whereas in the deep layer,the enhancement of the deep overturning circulation accounts for the cold and fresh changes in the deep ocean.

A Study on Sulfate Optical Properties and Direct Radiative Forcing Using LASG-IAP General Circulation Model

The direct radiative forcing （DRF） of sulfate aerosols depends highly on the atmospheric sulfate loading and the meteorology, both of which undergo strong regional and seasonal variations. Because the optical properties of sulfate aerosols are also sensitive to atmospheric relative humidity, in this study we first examine the scheme for optical properties that considers hydroscopic growth. Next, we investigate the seasonal and regional distributions of sulfate DRF using the sulfate loading simulated from NCAR CAM-Chem together with the meteorology modeled from a spectral atmospheric general circulation model （AGCM） developed by LASG-IAP. The global annual-mean sulfate loading of 3.44 mg m-2 is calculated to yield the DRF of -1.03 and -0.57 W m-2 for clear-sky and all-sky conditions, respectively. However, much larger values occur on regional bases. For example, the maximum all-sky sulfate DRF over Europe, East Asia, and North America can be up to -4.0 W m-2. The strongest all-sky sulfate DRF occurs in the Northern Hemispheric July, with a hemispheric average of -1.26 W m-2. The study results also indicate that the regional DRF are strongly affected by cloud and relative humidity, which vary considerably among the regions during different seasons. This certainly raises the issue that the biases in model-sinmlated regional meteorology can introduce biases into the sulfate DRF. Hence, the model processes associated with atmospheric humidity and cloud physics should be modified in great depth to improve the simulations of the LASG-IAP AGCM and to reduce the uncertainty of sulfate direct effects on global and regional climate in these simulations.

The effect of Coriolis-Stokes forcing on upper ocean circulation in a two-way coupled wave-current model

We investigated the Stokes drift-driven ocean currents and Stokes drift-induced wind energy input into the upper ocean using a two-way coupled wave-current modeling system that consists of the Princeton Ocean Model generalized coordinate system (POMgcs), Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) wave model, and the Model Coupling Toolkit (MCT). The Coriolis-Stokes forcing (CSF) computed using the wave parameters from SWAN was incorporated with the momentum equation of POMgcs as the core coupling process. Experimental results in an idealized setting show that under the steady state, the scale of the speed of CSF-driven current was 0.001 m/s and the maximum reached 0.02 m/s. The Stokes drift-induced energy rate input into the model ocean was estimated to be 28.5 GW, taking 14% of the direct wind energy rate input. Considering the Stokes drift effects, the total mechanical energy rate input was increased by approximately 14%, which highlights the importance of CSF in modulating the upper ocean circulation. The actual run conducted in Taiwan Adjacent Sea (TAS) shows that: 1) CSF-based wave-current coupling has an impact on ocean surface currents, which is related to the activities of monsoon winds; 2) wave-current coupling plays a significant role in a place where strong eddies present and tends to intensify the eddy's vorticity; 3) wave-current coupling affects the volume transport of the Taiwan Strait (TS) throughflow in a nontrivial degree, 3.75% on average.

The Role of Diabatic Heating,Torques and Stabilities in Forcing the Radial-Vertical Circulation within Cyclones Part II: Case Study of Extratropical and Tropical Cyclones

Utilizing Eliassen′s concepts, the forcing of the isentropic azimuthally-averaged mass-weighted radial-vertical circulation by diabatic heating and torques within an extratropical cyclone and a typhoon was studied through numerical simulations based on the linear diagnostic equation derived previously. The structure of the forcing associated with diabatic heating and torques was determined from quasi-Lagrangian diagnostic analyses of actual case studies. The two cyclones studied were the Ohio extratropical cyclone of 25-27 January 1978 and typhoon Nancy of 18-23 September 1979. The Ohio cyclone, which formed over the Gulf Coast and moved through Ohio and eastern Michigan, was one of the most intense storms with blizzard conditions to ever occur in this region. Typhoon Nancy which occurred over the South China Sea during the FGGE year was selected since relatively high quality assimilated data were available. Within the Ohio cyclone, the dominant internal processes forcing the mean circulation with embedded relatively strong hydrodynamic stability were the pressure torque associated with baroclinic (asymmetric) structure and the horizontal eddy angular momentum transport associated with the typical S-shaped thermal and wind structures of self-development. Within typhoon Nancy, the dominant internal process forcing the mean circulation with embedded weak hydrodynamic stability was the latent heat release. This analysis shows that the simulated azimuthally-averaged mass-weighted radial motions within these two cyclones agree quite well with the “observed”azimuthally-averaged mass-weighted radial motions. This isentropic numerical study also provides insight into the relatively important internal forcing processes and the trade off between forcing and stability within both extratropical and tropical cyclones.

On the Forcing of the Radial-vertical Circulation within Cyclones-Part 1: Concepts and Equations

お? Following the theoretical result of Eliassen, the Sawyer-Eliassen equation for frontal circulations and the equation for forcing the meridional circulation within a circumpolar vortex are extended in isentropic coordinates to describe the forcing of the azimuthally averaged mass-weighted radial-vertical circulation within translating extratropical and tropical cyclones. Several physical processes which are not evident in studies employing isobaric coordinates are isolated in this isentropic study. These processes include the effects of pressure torque, inertial torque and storm translation that are associated with the asymmetric structure in isentropic coordinates. This isentropic study also includes the effects of eddy angular momentum transport, diabatic heating and frictional torque that are common in both isentropic and isobaric studies. All of the processes are modulated by static, inertial and baroclinic stabilities. Consistent with the theoretical result of Eliassen, the numerical solution from this isentropic study shows that the roles of torque, diabatic heating and hydrodynamic stability in forcing the radial-vertical circulation within stable vortices are that 1) positive (negative) torque which results in the counterclockwise (clockwise) rotation of vortices also forces the outflow (inflow) branch of the radial-vertical circulation, 2) diabatic heating (cooling) forces the ascent (descent) branch of the radial-vertical circulation and 3) for given forcing, the weaker hydrodynamic stability results in a stronger radial-vertical circulation. It is the net inflow or convergence (net outflow or divergence), vertical motions and the associated redistribution of properties that favor the evolution of vortices with colorful weather events. Numerical solutions of this isentropic study are given in companion articles. The relatively important contribution of various physical processes to the forcing of the azimuthally-averaged mass-weighted radial-vertical circulation within different translating cyclones and in their different stages of development will be investigated.

Sensitivity Study of the Seasonal Mean Circulation in the Northern South China Sea

A study of the circulation in the northern South China Sea （SCS） is carried out with the aid of a three-dimensional, high-resolution regional ocean model. One control and two sensitivity experiments are performed to qualitatively investigate the effects of surface wind forcing, Kuroshio intrusion, and bottom topographic influence on the circulation in the northern SCS. The model results show that a branch of the Kuroshio in the upper layer can intrude into the SCS and have direct influence on the circulation over the continental shelf break in the northern SCS. There are strong southward pressure gradients along a zonal belt largely seaward of the continental slope. The pressure gradients are opposite in the southern and northern parts of the Luzon Strait, indicating inflow and outflow through the strait, respectively. The sensitivity experiments suggest that the Kuroshio intrusion is responsible for generating the imposed pressure head along the shelf break and has no obvious seasonal variations. The lateral forcing through the Luzon Strait and Taiwan Strait can induce the southwestward slope current and the northeastward SCS Warm Current in the northern SCS. Without the lateral forcing, there is the continental slope. The wind forcing mainly causes the The wind-induced water pile-up results in the southward no high-pressure-gradient zonal belt seaward of seasonal variation of the circulation in the SCS. high pressure gradient along the northwestern boundary of the basin. Without the blocking of the plateau around Dongsha Islands, the intruded Kuroshio tends to extend northwest and the SCS branch of the Kuroshio becomes wider and stronger. The analyses presented here are qualitative in nature but should lead to a better understanding of the oceanic responses in the northern SCS to these external influence factors.

Revisiting Effect of Ocean Diapycnal Mixing on Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Recovery in a Freshwater Perturbation Simulation

The effects of ocean density vertical stratification and related ocean mixing on the transient response of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation （AMOC） are examined in a freshwater perturbation simulation using the Bergen Climate Model （BCM）. The results presented here are based on the model outputs of a previous freshwater experiment： a 300-year control integration （CTRL）, a freshwater integration （FW1） which started after 100 years of running the CTRL with an artificially and continuously threefold increase in the freshwater flux to the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian （GIN） Seas and the Arctic Ocean throughout the following 150-year simulation. In FW1, the transient response of the AMOC exhibits an initial decreasing of about 6 Sv （1 Sv=106 m3 s^-1） over the first 50-year integration and followed a gradual recovery during the last 100-year integration. Our results show that the vertical density stratification as the crucial property of the interior ocean plays an important role for the transient responses of AMOC by regulating the convective and diapycnal mixings under the enhanced freshwater input to northern high latitudes in BCM in which the ocean diapycnal mixing is stratification-dependent. The possible mechanism is also investigated in this paper.

Mechanisms of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC)Variability in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere GCM

The mechanisms involved in the variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation （AMOC） are studied using a 2000-yr control simulation of the coupled Fast Ocean-Atmosphere Model （FOAM）.This study identifies a coupled mode between SST and surface heat flux in the North Atlantic at the decadal timescale,as well as a forcing mode of surface heat flux at the interannual timescale.The coupled mode is regulated by AMOC through meridional heat transport.The increase in surface heating in the North Atlantic weakens the AMOC approximately 10 yr later,and the weakened AMOC in turn decreases SST and sea surface salinity.The decreased SST results in an increase in surface heating in the North Atlantic,thus forming a positive feedback loop.Meanwhile,the weakened AMOC weakens northward heat transport and therefore lowers subsurface temperature approximately 19 yr later,which prevents the AMOC from weakening.In the forcing mode,the surface heat flux leads AMOC by approximately 4 yr.

Purification of carbazole by solvent crystallization under two forced cooling modes

To identify the effect of solvents and anthracene on the purification of carbazole,the solvent crystallization of carbazole was investigated with xylene,chlorobenzene and tetrachloroethylene(TCE)as solvents under two forced circulation cooling(FCC)modes.The co-crystalline experimental data were obtained from runs carried out at different anthracene levels between 1%(mass)and 10%(mass).The results showed that a uniform flake carbazole crystal obtained when using xylene and chlorobenzene under the FCC-1 mode with gradual cooling rate.Nevertheless,fine flake crystals grown under shock cooling of FCC-2 mode.It is beneficial to improving the purity of carbazole with chlorobenzene as solvent under cooling mode of FCC-1.Anthracene could promote the growth of carbazole in solution,and it has a significant influence on the purification of carbazole.

A framework of force of information influence and application for C4KISR system

The subversive nature of information war lies not only in the information itself, but also in the circulation and application of information. It has always been a challenge to quantitatively analyze the function and effect of information flow through command, control, communications, computer, kill, intelligence,surveillance, reconnaissance (C4KISR) system. In this work, we propose a framework of force of information influence and the methods for calculating the force of information influence between C4KISR nodes of sensing, intelligence processing,decision making and fire attack. Specifically, the basic concept of force of information influence between nodes in C4KISR system is formally proposed and its mathematical definition is provided. Then, based on the information entropy theory, the model of force of information influence between C4KISR system nodes is constructed. Finally, the simulation experiments have been performed under an air defense and attack scenario. The experimental results show that, with the proposed force of information influence framework, we can effectively evaluate the contribution of information circulation through different C4KISR system nodes to the corresponding tasks. Our framework of force of information influence can also serve as an effective tool for the design and dynamic reconfiguration of C4KISR system architecture.

The impact of oceanic processes on the transient climate response: a tidal forcing experiment

In this study, the impact of oceanic processes on the sensitivity of transient climate change is investigated using two sets of coupled experiments with and without tidal forcing, which are termed ExpTide and ExpControl,respectively. After introducing tidal forcing, the transient climate response(TCR) decreases from 2.32 K to 1.90 K,and the surface air temperature warming at high latitudes decreases by 29%. Large ocean heat uptake efficiency and heat storage can explain the low TCR in ExpTide. Approximately 21% more heat is stored in the ocean in ExpTide(1.10×10^24 J) than in ExpControl(0.91×10^24 J). Most of the large ocean warming occurs in the upper 1 000 m between 60°S and 60°N, primarily in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans. This ocean warming is closely related to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC). The initial transport at mid-and high latitudes and the decline in the AMOC observed in ExpTide are both larger than those observed in ExpControl. The spatial structures of AMOC are also different with and without tidal forcing in present experiments. The AMOC in ExpTide has a large northward extension. We also investigated the relationship between AMOC and TCR suggested by previous studies using the present experiments.

Influence of the Boundary Forcing on the Internal Variability of a Regional Climate Model

The internal variability of a ten-member ensemble of the regional climate model REMO over Europe is investigated. It is shown that the annual cycle of internal variability behaves differently compared to earlier studies that focused on other regions. To gain better insight into the dependence of the internal variability on the boundary forcing variability, a circulation type classification is performed on the forcing data. It can be shown that especially in the winter season internal variability is dependent on the circulation type included in the boundary forcing, whereas in the summer season the level and pattern of internal variability is rather independent from the circulation type of the driving field. It is concluded that for Europe the internal variability of REMO in winter is governed by circulation patterns related to the North-Atlantic Oscillation, whereas in summer local processes play a bigger role.

Simulation of the flow and thermal breakthrough of a forced external circulation standing column well

The flow and thermal breakthrough phenomenon in a forced external circulation standing column well(FECSCW)directly affects heat transfer efficiency and load-carrying capacity.A numerical model for FECSCW is developed to analyze the migration of the temperature and velocity front under the flow and thermal breakthrough.The results indicated that thermal breakthrough began after simulation running 2.5 min and was completely formed after 12 min.The inlet water,which directly entered the production well without heat exchange with the aquifer,accounted for 12.8%.When the porosity of the backfill material decreased from 0.35 to 0,the coefficient of per-formance(COP)of the heat pump unit increased by 1.6%on average,and the thermal breakthrough strength decreased by an average of 45.3%within 25 min.Where seepage velocity near the well wall was greater than 1×10^(−3) m·s^(−1),faster velocity front migration was observed,while the migration advantage of the temperature front was more prominent outside of this region.Through quantitative analysis of flow and thermal breakthrough,temperature and velocity front migration,and COP change of heat pump unit,theoretical suggestions were pro-vided for the thermal transfer mechanism near the thermal well wall.The extended research in this study can be applied to the design and optimization of forced external circulation standing column well system.

以高水平法治促进新质生产力发展

新质生产力以全要素生产率大幅提升为核心标志,特点是创新,关键在质优,本质是先进生产力。数据与算法、算力作为质优的创新型要素,优化其配置成为提高全要素生产率的关键一环。在优化要素配置过程中,数据流通、算法开发与算力协同都离不开法治的支撑,同时,整体营商环境的持续优化也需要法治的保障。从实践出发,良法善治在消除和打通新质生产力发展的堵点痛点方面能发挥积极作用,以促进新型生产关系适配新质生产力发展。为此,需在法治框架下健全数据基础制度,推动数据要素有序开放流通,完善人工智能算法治理体系和算力协同机制,持续优化营商环境,为新质生产力发展提供质优生态。

推进“人工智能+”行动的数据分层治理

数据是推进“人工智能+”行动的关键要素,数据治理有利于解放新质生产力。在“人工智能+”行动对个人数据、企业数据和公共数据提出新要求和形成新挑战的情况下,有必要以分层治理的思路,以促进数据流通和保障数据安全为准则,区分不同类型数据的治理目标,形成数据法律法规的联合治理。要通过优化个人数据的授权和利用,促进企业数据的交易和流通,平衡公共数据的开放与安全,来实现人工智能产业化中数据的创新治理和高效治理。