China's foreign aid for global poverty alleviation:artemisinin-based combination therapies against malaria in Togo

From providing funds for the global fight against infectious diseases,to actively participating in global health security actions,to strengthening mutual cooperation in the field of health,and providing medical treatment,training and scholarships to countries in need,China’s foreign aid on global poverty alleviation is increasingly diversified and expanding in scale.Indeed,China is playing an increasingly important leading role in the global health agenda.It is worth mentioning that over the years,artemisinin compound have saved millions of lives all over the world,especially in poverty-stricken areas.China’s work mode of malaria elimination has also been written into WHO’s technical documents and recommended to other countries.Since 2007,Chinese medical staff has carried out the Artemisinin Compound Malaria Control Project in Comoros,bringing Chinese prevention and treatment programs to the local area.By 2014,Comoros had achieved zero deaths from malaria,and the number of cases had dropped by 98%.Now,this program is also extended to Togo,another African country.This article preliminarily summarizes the malaria profile in Togo and introduces China-Togo Cooperative Artemisinin Malaria Control Demonstration Project to provide a reference for better anti-malaria assistance in Togo,and also shows one of the substantive actions of China’s participation in global health governance,which contributes Chinese wisdom and offers Chinese solutions to global poverty alleviation.

Invigorating foreign aid administration:remittances’strategy,pro-poor and gender focus

Background:The pitfall of top-down approach to development is identified as a major cause of aid inefficiency.The approach is fraught with corruption and unethical practices that have bedeviled aid administration.Meanwhile,the impact of remittances has been widely acknowledged in the national development process.Methods:This study therefore reviews the extant foreign aid administrative norms and practices using various conceptual frameworks and diagrammatic representations with a view to identifying the inherent weaknesses in the process.Results:In the light of the findings,the study pitches its tent around the concept of remittances as a learning process for aid administration.Consequently,the pro-poor and gender focus approaches of remittances to development,as well as its bottomup approach is proposed as a conceptual framework for aid administration.Conclusions:The study concludes that,strict adherence to bottom-up approaches proposed in this article would keep corruption and other unethical practices which have rendered the aid administrative process inefficient,to the barest minimum.

Electoral Authoritarianism in Togo: How Has Foreign Aid Impacted the Democratization Process in Togo From 2005 to 2010?

After four decades of military dictatorship,Togo is still facing a dilemma of whether to break with the past and take a path of democratization or make changes in the continuity.The death of the former President Gnassingbe Eyadema in 2005 was seen by the Togolese community at home and around the world as a window of opportunity or a step toward the emergence of the political liberalization in the country.Unfortunately,with the backing of the Togolese army,Faure Gnassingbe,one of the sons of Eyadema,was enthroned as the country’s new President since 2005.The international economic sanctions on Togo in the aftermath of the death of Eyadema,due to continuing human rights abuses and violations by the authoritarian regime,have accentuated the already acute suffering and poverty of the Togolese population.However,the 2006 Global Political Agreement reached between the traditional political opposition parties and the government paved the way to the normalization of the international cooperation with Togo and hence the lifting of economic sanctions by the international community.Drawing from Solow-Swan growth model and a cross-national causality test of the development-democracy-growth hypothesis of Abbas Pourgerami,this paper investigates the impact of foreign aid on the democratization process since 2005 and argues that foreign aid played a paramount role in consolidating electoral authoritarianism instead of establishing a viable democracy in Togo.

Institutional Quality,Foreign Aid and Economic Growth in Recipient Countries

Foreign aid is an important aspect of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)for enhancing two-way cooperation with BRI countries. Based on the panel data of China’sforeign aid over the period 2000-2014, this paper employs the Worldwide GovernanceIndicators (WGI) to conduct an empirical study on the economic growth effects of China’sforeign aid and recipient countries’ institutional quality with the endogeneity of aid takeninto account. Results of our empirical study suggest that (i) China’s foreign aid, especiallyinfrastructure aid, can effectively promote economic growth in recipient countries;(ii)sound institutional development offers an important assurance for economic growth inrecipient countries;(iii) sample-specific regression reveals that the institutional quality ofrecipient countries can significantly influence the economic growth effects of China’s foreignaid, especially economic infrastructure aid for recipient countries in Asia and Europe.To improve aid effectiveness and quality, China needs to improve aid structure, superviseaid program implementation, and mitigate the impact of institutional risks in recipientcountries.

A Panel Data Analysis of the Impact of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Remittances and Foreign Aid on Human Capital Growth and Brain Drain in Africa

The main purpose of this research was to analyze the impact the Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances, and foreign aid have had to human capital growth (HCG) and brain drain. The study data were collected from five African countries (Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, South Africa, and Morocco) from 2009 to 2018. Secondary sources were used in data collection, then autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling was used in the analysis. Before modelling was done, co-integration tests and panel unit were applied. The results revealed that Chinese FDI, remittances, and foreign aid had a significant and positive impact on HCG in the long but not the short-run. Besides, remittances, Chinese FDI, and foreign aid demonstrated significant negative impacts on brain drain in the long term, not in the short term. This study makes important practical and theoretical contributions about the roles of Chinese FDI, remittances, and foreign aid in the reduction of brain drain and the growth of human capital.

中国对外援助实施机制的制度检视与优化路径

对外援助实施工作是保障援外实效的核心环节,我国已经形成以国合署决策立项、多部门共同参与执行的援外实施体制,实施工作也存在一定的制度依托。当前援外实施机制存在实施规范不够完善、实施机构协调成本较高、实施效果有待提升等现实挑战,体制因素、法律因素以及人力因素是造成这些挑战的内在原因。深化援外管理体制改革、推进对外援助专门立法进程、合理增加援外实施管理力量是优化我国援外实施机制、有效提升援外实效的路径选择。

从开发式援助到赋能式援助——中国国际发展合作范式变革研究

新中国成立以来,中国的对外援助形成了独特的中国路径。与其他大国相比,中国的对外援助坚持不附带任何政治条件,不干涉受援国内政,形成了开发式援助的独特路径。此种开发式援助在取得一定效果的同时,也存在不少问题,如可能导致受援国无法形成自主可持续发展的能力。随着中国综合国力和国际影响力不断提升,中国逐步从以国际主义理念为主导的对外援助向以共商共建共享理念为主导的国际发展合作转型。通过分析中国对非洲加纳的援助案例,发现:从开发式援助向国际发展合作转型是新时代中国对外援助的大势所趋,决定援助效果的关键因素是国际发展的治理体系设计和治理能力水平。新时代中国国际发展合作应高举全球南方的旗帜,在南南合作的框架下,在尊重受援国意愿的基础上,更加突出赋能式援助,重视完善与有关方开展优势互补、富有成效的三边和区域合作治理体系,不断提升发展合作的治理能力,共同推动全球减贫和可持续发展进程。

Poverty Reduction Effects of China’s Aid and Investment to Developing Countries

The Chinese approach to poverty reduction is a government-led and marketbased approach that gives priority to infrastructure and combines fiscal subsidy with development as an antidote to poverty.These characteristics are also evident in China’s cooperation with other developing countries on poverty reduction.China supports other developing countries to reduce poverty via aid and investment mainly in the field of infrastructure.While the government and SOEs take the lead in foreign aid and investment,China also invites other sources of capital to participate in market-based development in partnership with recipient countries.Our empirical research finds that aid and investment from China are generally conducive to reducing poverty incidence in recipient developing countries,but their poverty reduction effects vary across different types of aid and investment.The elements characteristic of the Chinese approach to poverty reduction proved to be effective in helping other developing countries reduce poverty as well.Nevertheless,the effectiveness of aid and investment in reducing poverty is subject to the governance and market efficiency of recipient countries.In order for the Chinese experience to work in less developed countries,future cooperation on poverty reduction must put a premium on governance and market systems.

How the African Public Views China＇s Aid to Africa

As a vital part of China's foreign relations,China's aid to Africa has scored great achievements.Based on data from the Afrobarometer Survey in 2010 and data from the database of China's aid to Africa in 2000-2010 co-created by the US Center for Global Development and AidData,this paper dissects the macro-and micro-level determinants of the African public's perception of the effectiveness of aid from China through an empirical analysis.As descriptive statistics reveal,the African public has a highly positive view of aid from China despite country differences.According to our further analysis of a multilevel model,aid recipients with higher levels of democracy and economic development have a more favorable view of aid from China,while the size and sector of aid from China are not correlated with public favorability.At the micro-level,age,gender,education,race and media consumption are positively correlated with the public perception of aid.In conclusion,China must refocus its future aid programs on livelihood and welfare that directly benefit local people,rather than simply increasing the amount of aid.In delivering its commitments to Africa,China must also attach importance to public communication and "telling the China story " in its international affairs to improve its national image and gain more recognition by the African people.

A Study of China's Bamboo Project Aid to Rwanda

China,as the world's largest developing country,has long combined the common interest of the Chinese people with that of the people of all countries,and under the framework of South-South Cooperation,it has always provided assistance within its capacity to other developing countries. As an important component of aid to Africa,forestry plays an irreplaceable role in foreign aid. Currently,the forestry aid to Africa is gradually changing from the previous trading of resources to sustainable development and utilization of resources. Especially the implementation of Bamboo Planting,Processing and Utilization Project Aid of the Ministry of Commerce to Rwanda undertaken by China National Bamboo Research Center( CBRC),helps Rwanda and the entire east African region to achieve sustainable use of forest resources,improves local employment,provides a new path of development for China's forestry to " go out",and further strengthens the traditional friendship between China and Africa.

How China’s Aid Helps Recipient Countries Build Export Capacity

Based on data of China’s aid to 120 countries and recipient countries’export data between 2002-2014,this paper investigated the export effects of China’s aid.We found that China’s aid was conducive to recipient countries’exports to China,helping recipient countries boost their development capacity and meet China’s consumption demand at the same time.In this manner,China’s foreign aid has lived up to the principle of“mutually beneficial cooperation”.Heterogeneity test found that China’s aid helped recipient countries increase their exports of manufacturing goods of their comparative advantage,mainly medium-and low-end manufacturing products,to China without increasing the exports of non-manufacturing goods,such as agricultural produce as well as primary and resource goods.Our findings have thoroughly refuted criticisms like the“resource exploitation”narrative by Western countries against China.Apart from increasing African countries’exports to China,China’s aid also helped other recipient countries outside Africa,mostly medium-and low-income recipient countries,to export more to China.China’s aid-fortrade(AfT)programs did not significantly increase recipient countries’capacity to export to China.A test of the mechanism of action found that industrial development in recipient countries exerted only a partial intermediate effect in enhancing recipient countries’capacity to export to China.

利用Delphi法和层次分析法构建医学援外培训效果评价指标体系

目的科学构建医学援外培训效果评价指标体系,为精准评价医学援外培训效果提供有效参考。方法在系统分析案例单位承办的91期援外培训项目交流座谈纪要和学员满意度调查问卷的基础上,初步制定了医学援外培训效果评价指标体系草案,再采用Delphi法进行专家咨询,通过问卷回收率和权威系数分别反映专家积极性和权威性;专家意见集中程度用条目相关性均值和CV表示,专家意见协调程度用肯德尔协调系数(Kendall’s W值)表示。最终制定的医学援外培训效果评价指标体系共包含4个一级指标(反应层、学习层、行为层和结果层),11个二级指标(培训需求、培训内容和培训师资等)和42个三级指标(驻外机构服务、基础技能考核及新技术新业务开展情况等)。结果三轮咨询均发放18份问卷,每轮均收回18份,回收率100%。第一、第二、第三轮专家咨询的判断系数(Ca)分别为0.906,0.883,0.911,熟悉程度系数(Cs)分别为0.789,0.878,0.878,三轮专家咨询的权威系数分别为0.847,0.881,0.895。以属性必要性为例,第一轮一级指标、二级指标、三级指标的专家意见协调程度的Kendall’s W值分别为0.021,0.032,0.133,显著性检验结果显示差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);第二轮一级指标、二级指标、三级指标的专家意见协调程度的Kendall’s W值分别为0.143,0.055,0.158;第三轮一级指标、二级指标、三级指标的专家意见协调程度的Kendall’s W值分别为0.149,0.099,0.171。结论采用Delphi法和层次分析法构建医学援外培训效果评价指标体系具有较高的科学性,可作为客观评价医学援外培训效果的工具。

The Catastrophe of Corruption in the Sustainability of Foreign aid:A Prediction of Artificial Neural Network Method in Indonesia

The rising corruption levels in Indonesia are becoming a cause for concern and raise doubts about their impact on the stability of foreign aid in the country.Therefore,this study aims to predict the long-term viability of foreign aid in Indonesia based on international perceptions of corruption and corruption cases in the country.Data were obtained from World Governance Indicators,the Indonesian Ministry of Finance,and the World Bank,and the study used a backpropagation artificial neural network(ANN)for prediction.The results from ANN are compared to linear models and vector autoregression(VAR).The finding shows that ANN outperforms the other models based on the coefficient of determination and MSE values.Furthermore,it highlights the strong relationship between corruption perception and foreign aid sustainability with an R-value of 0.991.According to the ANN estimation,gratification has a significant impact on foreign aid.In response to this finding,the study recommends the Indonesian government take action to combat corruption in maintaining the international trust and ensuring the stability of foreign aid.

CBA联赛竞赛改革案例诊断与优化

为助力CBA实现"世界一流职业联赛"的宏伟目标,为民众提供更优质的竞赛产品,为联赛决策层进一步优化竞赛制度提供有效建议,运用文献资料、专家访谈等方法对CBA联赛2014-2015赛季竞赛改革案例进行研究,结果表明:(1)CBA联赛竞赛改革目标包括竞赛公正性、观赏性、均衡性、健康性、独特性5个方面;(2)主教练申请录像回放制度促进了联赛的公正性,弥补了裁判的误判,但仍需完善;(3)第四节单外援制度使国内球员上场机会增加,但观赏性下降,增加了有亚洲外援球队实力,但降低了中游球队竞争力;(4)裁判委员会制度实现了俱乐部对裁判的自主管理,但仍需配套相关措施;(5)教练制止运动员冲突不力连带处罚制度效果明显,但治标不治本。建议:增加录像回放种类与次数;理性对待三外援制度;尽快建立裁判申诉仲裁委员会和制定《CBA职业裁判员薪酬标准及各类保障制度》;实行球员赛场暴力防控专题培训考核和多部门联席会制度,做到违纪处罚实施的及时、精细、科学和多样。

中外高校资助工作比较研究

文章以我国丰富的高校资助经验为基础,结合国外高校资助的通行做法进行比较研究,借鉴和吸收国外高校资助工作的成功经验,提出了构建"政府为主导、高校为主体、社会广参与"的多元资助格局,以进一步推动我国高校资助体系的优化和完善。

“中国篮球协会实体化”背景下CBA联赛制度的改革路径

为进一步落实"十三五"时期振兴"三大球"发展行动计划,运用文献资料、录像观察和专家访谈等方法,以单项运动协会实体化为研究背景,对CBA联赛的各项制度改革进行研究分析。结果表明:1)现行CBA联赛管理制度中球员管理、外援管理、裁判员管理、俱乐部管理及球迷管理制度仍需进一步加强。2)改革路径:球员管理制度应加强创新管理;外援管理制度应实现平衡化管理;裁判管理制度应进一步严格管理;俱乐部管理制度应完善精细化管理;球迷管理制度应实现和谐管理。

发达国家对外援助管理体系规则设置及对中国的启示

《中国的对外援助》白皮书首次介绍了中国对外援助的基本情况,引起国内外广泛关注。中国对外援助管理体系正处于重大变革期,需要详细考察主要援助国对外援助管理体系设置的一般规则,并结合中国国情提出相应的改革设想。当前,主要援助国在设置对外援助管理体系时,通常要考虑内部机构设置方式、技术和资金援助的管理模式、特定领域专门机构和驻外管理机构的设置、对外援助的外包以及人力资源管理等问题。中国对外援助管理体系改革可从完善对外援助管理体系机构设置、加强人力资源管理、设置驻受援国现场管理机构以及培育援外承包市场等几个方面着手。

从多媒体外语教学到多模态话语设计——《多模态话语分析与外语教学》评介

多模态话语分析是最近受学术界关注较多的新兴理论,该理论在社会符号学的理论基础上发展而来,能够帮助分析众多的多模态话语现象。张德禄教授是多模态话语分析研究领域的重要代表人物,其新作《多模态话语分析与外语教学》借助社会符号学作为主要学理基础主要回答了三大问题:多模态话语分析理论框架、研究方法和教学应用。本文将对该著作进行内容的引介和分析,希望起到抛砖引玉的作用,推动多模态话语分析的进一步发展。

援外工程给排水专业设计简述

以巴中友谊中心项目为例,针对援外项目的特点,对援外项目给排水专业的考察、设计和实施过程中的相关问题进行了探讨,指出了各个环节应注意事项及应考虑因素,为今后同类援外项目工程提供了参考。