Air pollution is one of the crucial environmental challenges facing the countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of an attractive tax po...Air pollution is one of the crucial environmental challenges facing the countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of an attractive tax policy on the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and air pollution in ECOWAS region over the period 2000 to 2019. By using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method and panel data analyses (fixed effects and random effects), the results show that, in general, FDI does not have a significant effect on air pollution in the region. However, closer analysis reveals that an interaction between FDI and an attractive tax policy has a negative effect on air quality, leading to an increase in air pollution. Thus, companies attracted by tax incentives may not meet rigorous environmental standards. These results highlight the importance for policymakers to balance economic incentives with environmental protection in ECOWAS. Attractive tax policies can stimulate investment, but they must be designed in a way that encourages environmentally friendly practices, thereby helping to improve air quality in the region.展开更多
Today,international taxation is at an inflection point.The implementation of action plan on base erosion and profit shifing(BEPS)and enforcement of the Belt and Road Initiative are reshaping taxation rules and princip...Today,international taxation is at an inflection point.The implementation of action plan on base erosion and profit shifing(BEPS)and enforcement of the Belt and Road Initiative are reshaping taxation rules and principles.As a crucial aspect of outbound taxation,foreign tax credit is expected to embrace the normative objectives of the new era,which emphasize the importance of subjecting all trans-border business activities to equitable,efficient,and coordinated taxation.Currently,China's foreign tax credit prescribes in an incompatible pattern;it lacks clear legislative intent,despite marking specific rules with archaic unilateral characters.To reform this regime,legislative principle should reflect the latest consensus on the economic activities'nexus and ensure that the income derived from trans-border transactions falls under a minimum tax.Regarding specific rules,it is strongly suggested that active and passive incomes be distinguished and the equity holding threshold of obtaining indirect credit be lowered.China's foreign tax credit reform should take an inclusive perspective,actively participating in the cooperation between countries.展开更多
This paper examines the impact of foreign penetration on the public firm in a mixed oligopolistic market. Through the establishment of a mixed double oligopoly market, this paper analyzes how the share of foreign inve...This paper examines the impact of foreign penetration on the public firm in a mixed oligopolistic market. Through the establishment of a mixed double oligopoly market, this paper analyzes how the share of foreign investment affects the environmental policy, the pollutant emission, and the social welfare under the condition of the state tax. The results show that: first, the introduction of foreign investment has some crowding-out effects on the social level of output. Second, the entry of foreign investment increases the profit of the public firm by a large margin, and the maximum profit of the private firm has been reduced. Third, the increase of foreign investment in public firm does not necessarily improve the environment.展开更多
To meet the requirements of a socialist market economy and overcome the inherent sharp contradictions of the former taxation system, China began reforming the structure of its tax system this year. The structural refo...To meet the requirements of a socialist market economy and overcome the inherent sharp contradictions of the former taxation system, China began reforming the structure of its tax system this year. The structural reform has been carried out under theguidelines of unifying the tax law, creating equal treatment, simplifying the tax system, building up a rational tax revenue sharing system, redressing distribution relationships, standardizing the mode展开更多
China’s State Administration of Taxationstipulates in its notice concerning the transfertax of Chinese-made products bearing foreignbrands:Ⅰ.In accordance with the currenttaxation laws,intangible asset transfers toC...China’s State Administration of Taxationstipulates in its notice concerning the transfertax of Chinese-made products bearing foreignbrands:Ⅰ.In accordance with the currenttaxation laws,intangible asset transfers toChinese enterprises from foreign enterprisesthat do not have representation in Chinabelong to intangible asset transfers withinChina.Business tax should be collected onthose transfers taking effect after January 1,1994.Ⅱ.Business tax should be levied onproject design and service that are not listedon the transfer contract.Ⅲ.The due businesstax of foreign enterprises that do not haverepresentative organs in China should展开更多
Farmland occupation tax that went into effect as early as in 1987 is found incompatible with the new situation as a result of Chinese rapid economic growth.A lower tax rate of farmland occupied for either textile prod...Farmland occupation tax that went into effect as early as in 1987 is found incompatible with the new situation as a result of Chinese rapid economic growth.A lower tax rate of farmland occupied for either textile production or and any industrial production for the good of foreign investors finishes with the start of the new year.All domestic and foreign companies are in the list of tax payers with the new Interim Regulations.The source from the State Administration of Taxation reveals the details in an interview.展开更多
文摘Air pollution is one of the crucial environmental challenges facing the countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of an attractive tax policy on the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and air pollution in ECOWAS region over the period 2000 to 2019. By using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method and panel data analyses (fixed effects and random effects), the results show that, in general, FDI does not have a significant effect on air pollution in the region. However, closer analysis reveals that an interaction between FDI and an attractive tax policy has a negative effect on air quality, leading to an increase in air pollution. Thus, companies attracted by tax incentives may not meet rigorous environmental standards. These results highlight the importance for policymakers to balance economic incentives with environmental protection in ECOWAS. Attractive tax policies can stimulate investment, but they must be designed in a way that encourages environmentally friendly practices, thereby helping to improve air quality in the region.
文摘Today,international taxation is at an inflection point.The implementation of action plan on base erosion and profit shifing(BEPS)and enforcement of the Belt and Road Initiative are reshaping taxation rules and principles.As a crucial aspect of outbound taxation,foreign tax credit is expected to embrace the normative objectives of the new era,which emphasize the importance of subjecting all trans-border business activities to equitable,efficient,and coordinated taxation.Currently,China's foreign tax credit prescribes in an incompatible pattern;it lacks clear legislative intent,despite marking specific rules with archaic unilateral characters.To reform this regime,legislative principle should reflect the latest consensus on the economic activities'nexus and ensure that the income derived from trans-border transactions falls under a minimum tax.Regarding specific rules,it is strongly suggested that active and passive incomes be distinguished and the equity holding threshold of obtaining indirect credit be lowered.China's foreign tax credit reform should take an inclusive perspective,actively participating in the cooperation between countries.
基金supported by Scientific Research and Innovation Project of Nanjing Audit University:Study on the Impact of Population and Consumption Level on Resources and Environment:A Case Study of Jiangsu[grant number D10802900236]National Natural Science Foundation of China:The Welfare Effects and Policy Implications of Trade Facilitation:A Study based on the Heterogeneous Firm Trade Model[grant number71473082]
文摘This paper examines the impact of foreign penetration on the public firm in a mixed oligopolistic market. Through the establishment of a mixed double oligopoly market, this paper analyzes how the share of foreign investment affects the environmental policy, the pollutant emission, and the social welfare under the condition of the state tax. The results show that: first, the introduction of foreign investment has some crowding-out effects on the social level of output. Second, the entry of foreign investment increases the profit of the public firm by a large margin, and the maximum profit of the private firm has been reduced. Third, the increase of foreign investment in public firm does not necessarily improve the environment.
文摘To meet the requirements of a socialist market economy and overcome the inherent sharp contradictions of the former taxation system, China began reforming the structure of its tax system this year. The structural reform has been carried out under theguidelines of unifying the tax law, creating equal treatment, simplifying the tax system, building up a rational tax revenue sharing system, redressing distribution relationships, standardizing the mode
文摘China’s State Administration of Taxationstipulates in its notice concerning the transfertax of Chinese-made products bearing foreignbrands:Ⅰ.In accordance with the currenttaxation laws,intangible asset transfers toChinese enterprises from foreign enterprisesthat do not have representation in Chinabelong to intangible asset transfers withinChina.Business tax should be collected onthose transfers taking effect after January 1,1994.Ⅱ.Business tax should be levied onproject design and service that are not listedon the transfer contract.Ⅲ.The due businesstax of foreign enterprises that do not haverepresentative organs in China should
文摘Farmland occupation tax that went into effect as early as in 1987 is found incompatible with the new situation as a result of Chinese rapid economic growth.A lower tax rate of farmland occupied for either textile production or and any industrial production for the good of foreign investors finishes with the start of the new year.All domestic and foreign companies are in the list of tax payers with the new Interim Regulations.The source from the State Administration of Taxation reveals the details in an interview.
