Categorized Analysis of Forest Ecological Values in the China’s Conversion Cropland to Forest Program

The China’s Conversion Cropland to Forest Program(CCFP)is one of the largest national ecological construction programs,which has effectively improved ecological environment and produced large ecological benefi t.To provide references for further improving ecological benefi t of CCFP,we analyzed the features,differences and relationships of the categorized forest ecological“benefi t value”(B-V)s in 3 kinds of forest restoration ways in different regions in CCFP,using the data of Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network(CFERN)from 1999 to 2013 and the methods of the national standards of(LY/T1606-2003),(LY/T1721-2008)and(LY/T1952-2011).The result showed that annual B-Vs of unit area varied in the range of 3.5-10.0 e4 RMBs/hm2·a.Water conservation B-Vs and species conservation B-Vs are the 2 largest constituents,nutrient accumulation B-V was the least in total B-Vs.The B-Vs performed inconsistently among the forest restoration ways and different regions.The rank of average annual total B-Vs of unit area from high to low was“hillside forest conservation”,“returning cropland to forest”,“afforestation on suitable barren hills and wasteland”.Species conservation B-Vs and water conservation B-Vs in southern regions were higher than that of northern and northwestern regions in China.The hot and rainy regions could produce higher species conservation B-Vs.The regression analysis indicated that water conservation B-Vs had signifi cantly positive correlation with the relevant total B-Vs and positive correlation with the relevant atmosphere purification B-Vs whether in regional or in unit area scale.Unit area species conservation B-V was negatively correlated with the relevant nutrient accumulation B-Vs except the way of“afforestation on suitable barren hills and wasteland”.Regional total species conservation B-Vs had signifi cantly negative correlation with its relevant nutrient accumulation B-Vs except“hillside forest conservation”way.We suggest that suitable forest restoration ways must be selective according to the regional specifi c,B-V features and local ecological goals.

Estimation of Relative Ecological Value of Returning Farmland to Forest & Mountain Enclosure for Grazing Prohibition——A case study in Yongxing Township of Jingyuan County,Gansu Province

[Objective]Returning farmland to forest and mountain enclosure for grazing prohibition ecological effect and economy rationality were explored.[Methods]A case study of returning farmland to forest and barren hills grazing prohibition in Yongxing Township of Jingyuan County was used to discuss and estimate the relative ecological function and relative ecological value.[Results]1）The ecological value of the forest of returning farmland was far more than the sum of the ecological value of farm crops and the agricultural output,and also more than the national subsidy standard.So the state policy of returning farmland to forests is not only favorable to local eco-environment restoration,but also reasonable in economic development.2）The ecological value of mountain enclosure for grazing prohibition was less than the opportunity cost of prohibiting grazing,also less than the national subsidy standard.The sum of the relative ecological value of prohibiting grazing and the state subsidies was more than the opportunity cost of prohibiting grazing.However,the ecological value of new vegetation through returning farmland to forest project was greater than the China＇s average ecological value of grassland.[Conclusion]The relative ecological value can be used to solve the problems in the equivalent conversion among various ecological indexes and between ecological indexes and economic indexes.