Biomass carbon stocks in China's forests between 2000 and 2050:A prediction based on forest biomass-age relationships

China's forests are characterized by young forest age,low carbon density and a large area of planted forests,and thus have high potential to act as carbon sinks in the future.Using China's national forest inventory data during 1994-1998 and 1999-2003,and direct field measurements,we investigated the relationships between forest biomass density and forest age for 36 major forest types.Statistical approaches and the predicted future forest area from the national forestry development plan were applied to estimate the potential of forest biomass carbon storage in China during 2000-2050.Under an assumption of continuous natural forest growth,China's existing forest biomass carbon(C) stock would increase from 5.86 Pg C(1 Pg=1015 g) in 1999-2003 to 10.23 Pg C in 2050,resulting in a total increase of 4.37 Pg C.Newly planted forests through afforestation and reforestation will sequestrate an additional 2.86 Pg C in biomass.Overall,China's forests will potentially act as a carbon sink for 7.23 Pg C during the period 2000-2050,with an average carbon sink of 0.14 Pg C yr-1.This suggests that China's forests will be a significant carbon sink in the next 50 years.

Vegetation-environment relationships in the forests of Chitral district Hindukush range of Pakistan

We investigated the composition of plant communities to quantify their relationships with environmental parameters in the Chitral Hindukush range of Pakistan. We sampled tree vegetation using the Point Centered Quarter （PCQ） method while understory vegetation was sampled in 1.5-m circular quadrats. Cedrus deodara is the national symbol of Pakistan and was dominant in the sampled communities. Because environmental variables determine vegetation types, we analyzed and evaluated edaphic and topographic factors. DCA-Ordination showed the major gradient as an amalgam of elevation （p〈0.05） and slope （p〈0.01） as the topographic factors correlated with species distribution. Soil variables were the factors of environmental significance along DCA axes. However, among these factors, Mg2＋ , K ＋ and N2＋ contributed not more than 0.054% 0.20% and 0.073%, respectively, to variation along the first ordination axis. We conclude that the principal reason for weak or no correlation with many edaphic variables was the anthropogenic disturbance of vegetation. The understory vegetation was composed of perennial herbs in most communities and was most dense under the tree canopy. The understory vegetation strongly regulates tree seedling growth and regeneration patterns. We recommend further study of the understory vegetation using permanent plots to aid development of forest regeneration strategies.

The relationships among structure variables of larch forests in China

Background:Larch(Larix Mill.)forests are widely distributed in the upper parts of mountainous areas in China,playing vital roles in constructing mountain landscapes and maintaining mountain environments.Despite their importance,our knowledges on the large-scale patterns of structure characteristics and the relationships between different structure variables are unclear.In this paper,we investigated 155 plots from 11 natural larch forest types across the country to explore the biogeographic patterns of the structure characteristics and the allometric relationships between different structure variables for Chinese larch forests.Results:The structure characteristics were significantly different among larch forest types.For different larch forest types,the power function fits the relationships between tree height and diameter at breast height(DBH),average DBH and stem density,and taper and stem density well,but with different exponents among larch forest types.The power exponents of the allometric relationships between tree height and DBH for different larch forest types varied from 0.61 to 0.93(mean=0.86)by standard major axis regression(SMA),and from 0.51 to 0.78(mean=0.56)by ordinary least square regression(OLS).The 50%,75%and 95%quantile regression(QR)and OLS indicated that the average DBH and taper of the L.gmelinii forests,L.gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii forests,and L.sibirica forests were significantly correlated with stem density.Conclusions:The relationship between tree height and DBH showed a power function relationship for all larch forest types in China,but with different exponents.Overall,stem density was negatively correlated with average DBH and taper.The Sect.Larix forests exhibited stand density effect.Our findings provide an important basis for recognizing the biogeographic patterns of structure factors and for the management of larch forests in China.

森林生态系统服务多功能性:概念、指标和经营模拟模型

森林生态系统同时提供多种功能和服务的能力,被称为森林生态系统多功能性,可分为生态系统功能多功能性和生态系统服务多功能性。近年来,生态学领域对生物多样性与多功能性关系机理、多功能性驱动因子等进行了大量研究,这些研究持续成为热点。然而,这些研究成果在实际应用,尤其是在指导森林经营实践方面,尚显不足。森林经营一直以实现多种功能或服务的最大化为目标,但目前还缺乏与生态学中多功能性理论研究的有机联系,迫切需要将二者结合。本文对国际国内森林生态系统服务多功能性的概念、指标、评价方法、经营模拟和优化模型进行了综述,认为预测森林生态系统服务及多功能性、在森林经营单位层面实现多功能性最大化是将来的研究方向。因此,需要加强森林经营模型模拟研究,寻找减少不同服务间冲突、增加协同(即增加多功能性)的经营策略,回答森林经营和气候变化如何影响生态系统服务间的权衡和协调关系及其时空变化等理论和实际问题。

神农架南坡小叶青冈+曼青冈常绿阔叶林主要木本植物生态位与种间联结

为揭示神农架南坡代表性常绿阔叶林主要木本植物的种间生态联系及群落演替趋势,以小叶青冈+曼青冈群系20个主要木本植物的190组种对为研究对象,通过生态位测定并区分生态位特化种和生态位泛化种以及种间联结性检验,分析该群落主要物种生态位与种间联结特征。主要结果:(1)该常绿阔叶林群落物种丰富,群落组成复杂,小叶青冈(Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia)的重要值(11.13%)和生态位宽度(58.3)均最大,占绝对优势,生态位宽度排序和重要值排序不一致,分布频度对生态位宽度影响较大。(2)将20种主要木本植物划分为生态位特化种(6种)、生态位泛化种(3种)、中性类群(11种),生态位分化程度较高,资源利用差异以及生境适应性是影响生态位分化的主要因素。(3)生态位宽度大的物种其生态位重叠和相似度较高,生态位重叠指数总体略低,大部分物种对环境或资源需求相似,但相似度不高,种间竞争较弱,种间关系比较稳定。(4)主要木本植物总体正联结显著(P<0.05),χ^(2)检验、联结系数AC、Spearman秩相关检验结果均显示种间正联结作用占优势,但大多数种对联结不显著,物种趋于独立分布。(5)通过聚类分析,将20种主要木本植物划分三大生态种组:建群种组,共生种组和边缘种组。研究表明,神农架南坡小叶青冈+曼青冈常绿阔叶林目前正处于相对稳定的演替中后期阶段,群落发育较成熟,生态位分化、生境选择以及资源需求互补或互利是影响该群落物种共存的主要原因。研究阐明了神农架南坡代表性常绿阔叶林主要物种之间实际相互作用以及群落特征,为深入理解群落物种共存原因以及群落演替规律提供依据。

紫椴红松林群落主要乔木树种种间关系

以吉林松花江三湖国家级自然保护区紫椴红松林为研究对象,采用总体相关性检验(VR)、χ^(2)检验、联结系数(AC)、共同出现百分率(PC)和点相关系数(Ф)分析群落主要乔木树种在5个层级(Ⅰ级幼苗、Ⅱ级幼树、Ⅲ级小径树、Ⅳ级中径树、Ⅴ级大树)的种间关系。结果表明:主要乔木树种总体相关性为显著正联结,各层级VR介于0.84~1.59;χ^(2)检验结果显示,紫椴-红松在各层级均为不显著联结,二者在Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ层级为正联结,在Ⅱ和Ⅴ层级为负联结。主要树种种间关系大多不显著,由Ⅰ级幼苗至V级大树不显著联结种对数占比增加;在Ⅱ和Ⅳ层级,负联结种对数占比最大;AC、PC和Ф值也均表明,紫椴-红松间虽然存在一定联结但联结程度较弱,其他主要树种种间关系多数处于松散的独立状态。总体而言,紫椴红松林群落主要乔木树种已建立了良好的种间关系,可相对稳定地共同利用林地资源。

Hurricane disturbances, tree diversity, and succession in North Carolina Piedmont forests, USA

Windthrow plays a critical role in maintaining species diversity in temperate forests. Do large-scale strong wind events(i.e., tropical cyclones, including hurricanes,typhoons and severe cyclonic storms) increase tree diversity in severely damaged forest areas? Do hurricanes(tropical cyclones that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean) lead to altered relative abundance of shade-tolerant and shade-intolerant species? Did historic hurricanes alter the succession trajectory of the damaged forests? We used nearly 70-year tree demographic data to assess the effects of two major hurricanes on woody species diversity in Piedmont forests, North Carolina, USA. Species richness(S) and Shannon–Wiener's diversity index(H') were used to evaluate the changes in tree diversity. The changes in composition were assessed with Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling. The pre-hurricane successional phase can strongly influence both the damage severity and subsequent responses. Although there is often an immediate drop in diversity following a hurricane, understory tree diversity quickly increases to levels that exceed those prior to the disturbance. This leads to an increase in diversity in stands that were substantially damaged. Hurricanes significantly decrease the dominance of shade-intolerant canopy species while increasing preestablished, more shade-tolerant species. We conclude that large, and infrequent hurricanes help to maintain local tree diversity, but also accelerate the increase in dominance of understory species such as red maple and beech.

Local and generalized height-diameter models with random parameters for mixed,uneven-aged forests in Northwestern Durango,Mexico

Background:We used mixed models with random components to develop height-diameter(h-d) functions for mixed,uneven-aged stands in northwestern Durango(Mexico),considering the breast height diameter(d) and stand variables as predictors.Methods:The data were obtained from 44 permanent plots used to monitor stand growth under forest management in the study area.Results:The generalized Bertalanffy-Richards model performed better than the other generalized models in predicting the total height of the species under study.For the genera Pinus and Quercus,the models were successfully calibrated by measuring the height of a subsample of three randomly selected trees close to the mean d,whereas for species of the genera Cupressus,Arbutus and Alnus,three trees were also selected,but they are specifically the maximum,minimum and mean d trees.Conclusions:The presented equations represent a new tool for the evaluation and management of natural forest in the region.

Climate forcing of tree growth in dry Afromontane forest fragments of Northern Ethiopia:evidence from multi-species responses

Background: Climate-induced challenge remains a growing concern in the dry tropics, threatening carbon sink potential of tropical dry forests. Hence, understanding their responses to the changing climate is of high priority to facilitate sustainable management of the remnant dry forests. In this study, we examined the long-term climate-growth relations of main tree species in the remnant dry Afromontane forests in northern Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the dendrochronological potential of selected dry Afromontane tree species and to study the influence of climatic variables (temperature and rainfall) on radial growth. It was hypothesized that there are potential tree species with discernible annual growth rings owing to the uni-modality of rainfall in the region. Ring width measurements were based on increment core samples and stem discs collected from a total of 106 trees belonging to three tree species (Juniperus procera, Olea europaea p. cuspidate and Podocarpus falcatus). Thesubsp. collected samples were prepared, crossdated, and analyzed using standard dendrochronological methods. The formation of annual growth rings of the study species was verified based on successful crossdatability and by correlating tree-ring widths with rainfall. Results: The results showed that all the sampled tree species form distinct growth boundaries though differences in the distinctiveness were observed among the species. Positive and significant correlations were found between the tree-ring widths and rainfall, implying that rainfall plays a vital role in determining tree growth in the region. The study confirmed the formation of annual growth rings through successful crossdating, thus highlighted the potential applicability of dendroclimatic studies in the region. Conclusions: Overall, the results proved the strong linkage between tree-ring chronologies and climate variability in the study region, which further strengthens the potential of dendrochronological studies developing in Ethiopia, and also has great implications for further paleo-climatic reconstructions and in the restoration of degraded lands. Further knowledge on the growth characteristics of tree species from the region is required to improve the network of tree-ring data and quality of the chronology so as to successfully reconstruct historic environmental changes.

Impact of patch size on woody tree species richness and abundance in a tropical montane evergreen forest patches of south India

We examined the effects of forest patch size on woody tree species richness and abundance in tropical montane evergreen forest patches of the Nilgiri region,south India. We sampled woody trees(>1 cm dbh) from 21 forest patches in the upper Nilgiri hills(> 2000 m elevation) and recorded a total of 35,146 individuals of 61 species, 45 genera and 30 families. Species richness and abundance of sapling/shrubs(≥ 1 to < 10 cm dbh)increased significantly with increasing patch size, but the species richness and abundance of small, medium and larger trees(≥ 10 to < 30, ≥ 30 to < 60 and ≥ 60 cm dbh,respectively) did not. Overall, forest interior species richness and abundance increased significantly with increasing patch size but edge species richness did not. Species richness and abundance of shade-tolerant and shade-demanding tree species also increased with increasing patch size. The abundance of zoochory dispersed tree species was significantly related to increasing patch size, but those dispersed by autochory did not display any clear relationship between patch size and species richness or abundance.Our findings suggest that with increasing forest patch area,tree compositional patterns may be driven by species specific shade-tolerance adaptations and dispersal patterns.Differential responses in these traits by the plant community within the individual habitat zones of forest edge and interiors likely plays a major role in determining the inherent plant community and thus the subsequent ecological processes of forest patches, including their responses to increasing patch area.

Allometry-based estimation of forest aboveground biomass combining LiDAR canopy height attributes and optical spectral indexes

Accurate estimates of forest aboveground biomass(AGB)are essential for global carbon cycle studies and have widely relied on approaches using spectral and structural information of forest canopies extracted from various remote sensing datasets.However,combining the advantages of active and passive data sources to improve estimation accuracy remains challenging.Here,we proposed a new approach for forest AGB modeling based on allometric relationships and using the form of power-law to integrate structural and spectral information.Over 60 km^(2) of drone light detection and ranging(LiDAR)data and 1,370 field plot measurements,covering the four major forest types of China(coniferous forest,sub-tropical broadleaf forest,coniferous and broadleaf-leaved mixed forest,and tropical broadleaf forest),were collected together with Sentinel-2 images to evaluate the proposed approach.The results show that the most universally useful structural and spectral metrics are the average values of canopy height and spectral index rather than their maximum values.Compared with structural attributes used alone,combining structural and spectral information can improve the estimation accuracy of AGB,increasing R^(2) by about 10%and reducing the root mean square error by about 22%;the accuracy of the proposed approach can yield a R^(2) of 0.7 in different forests types.The proposed approach performs the best in coniferous forest,followed by sub-tropical broadleaf forest,coniferous and broadleaf-leaved mixed forest,and then tropical broadleaf forest.Furthermore,the simple linear regression used in the proposed method is less sensitive to sample size and outperforms statistically multivariate machine learning-based regression models such as stepwise multiple regression,artificial neural networks,and Random Forest.The proposed approach may provide an alternative solution to map large-scale forest biomass using space-borne LiDAR and optical images with high accuracy.

Neighborhood diversity structure and neighborhood species richness effects differ across life stages in a subtropical natural secondary forest

Natural secondary forest has a strong capacity to regrow naturally and recover biodiversity rapidly on abandoned lands.However,at the neighborhood scale,which can truly reflect the facilitative or competitive interactions among individual plants,the local diversity spatial structure in secondary forest and the feedback effects of neighborhood diversity on natural regeneration remain unclear,and this may be the key to properly understand the mechanisms of natural secondary forest species diversity recovery.To this end,this study established a dynamic plot in a rehabilitated secondary forest after disturbance and conducted a comprehensive survey of 68,336 individual plants with repeated measurements at 5-year interval to assess the characteristics of neighborhood diversity structure across life history stages and link the neighborhood species richness(NSR)effect translated by species interactions at species diversity structure with individual trees recruitment/mortality in secondary forest regeneration.The results showed that,compared with tropical and temperate natural forests,a higher proportion of diversity accumulators and a lower proportion of repellers in subtropical secondary forests resulted in neighborhood diversity structures characterized by heterospecific or high-diversity patches,which are beneficial to the maintenance or restoration of biodiversity.As an important supplement to the research on the relationship between diversity and productivity,our findings show a positive diversity-survival relationship in subtropical secondary forests.Importantly,we observed that the neighborhood diversity structure exhibited a trend of accumulator-dominated to neutral-dominant changes with life stage from sapling to adult,which,in turn,determined the direction and strength of NSR effects on recruitment/mortality.Specifically,diverse local neighborhoods at a later successional stage characterized with‘neutral’species-species interactions can act as a‘welfare net’by offering favorable microhabitats for the most vulnerable recruitments or saplings,i.e.,the NSR effects that promoted individual recruitment/survival in our study.These results not only enrich our understanding of the biodiversity-productivity-survival relationship but also highlight the importance of retaining latesuccessional species of native trees in intensive forest production or in situ conservation policies.

CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF FOREST FIRES AND SUNSPOTS

This paper analyses the relationship of forest fires and sunspots in Hcilongjiang Province in the past 40 ycars(1950-1989). The results indicated that each of the forest fire indexes such as forest Fire rate(y1), times of forest firc(Y2), average forest fire area for one time Y4 (equals the Y5 / Y2) and total forest fire arca(Y5) has a negative correlation with mean annual relative sunspots of the same year; total times of forest fire inside and outside of forest stands( Y3) has a positive correlation with sunspots. The 5 indexes stated above has a similar relation to last year's mean annual relative sunspots.

What Happens after the Gap?— Size Distributions of Patches with Homogeneously Sized Trees in Natural and Managed Beech Forests in Europe

A novel but simple approach for describing stand structure in natural and managed forests driven by small-scaled disturbances is introduced. A primeval beech forest reserve in Slovakia and two beech stands in Germany with different management histories were studied, and their forest stand texture was analysed in terms of tree coordinates, stem diameter, and crown radius. Neigh-bouring trees of similar size with estimated contact of their crowns were assigned to tree groups. The study goal was to estimate the number and size of such homogeneous patches. In all cases, the number of tree groups in a particular diameter class decreased exponentially as group size increased. Single trees were predominant. Compared to simulated random tree distributions, the natural stand exhibited a more clumped distribution of small trees and more regular distribution of larger ones. The natural forest generally had smaller groups than the managed even aged stand, but the smallest group sizes were found in the uneven-aged selection forest. The simple analytical approach provided new spatial insights into neighbourhood relations of trees. The continuous scale from single trees to larger tree groups is an important achievement compared to other analytical methods applied in this field. The findings may even indicate a certain degree of self-organization in natural forests. Due to the limitations associated with each method or statistical models, a joint consideration of 1) gap dynamics, 2) forest developmental stages, and 3) size classes of homogeneous tree groups is recommended. Relevant to forest practitioners, the size class distributions enhance an understanding of the complex stand structures in natural forests and therewith support an emulation of natural forest dynamics in managed beech forests.

三峡库区涪陵江段产漂流性卵鱼类的早期资源及其对水文和水温特征的响应

三峡水库调度运行改变了库区江段的水文情势,影响漂流性卵苗在库区江段内的时空分布特征。在水库低水位运行时,具有流水生境特征的库中和库尾江段是产漂流性卵鱼类在整个三峡库区内重要的产卵江段。了解三峡库中和库尾江段产漂流性卵鱼类的早期资源状况及其对水文和水温特征的响应关系,对于采取适宜的保护措施促进鱼类早期资源的恢复具有重要的意义。本文通过2017-2020年5-7月在库中涪陵断面进行的逐日早期资源监测,了解三峡库中和库尾江段产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源的种类组成、产卵规模、产卵场分布及其年际变动特征,并采用随机森林(RF)模型,分析鱼类逐日产卵规模变动与水文、水温格局及其过程的关系,辨识影响不同种类产卵规模变动的关键水文及水温要素。结果表明:2017-2020年共采集到漂流性鱼卵21种,包括长江上游特有鱼类鱼卵3种;以圆筒吻鮈Rhinagobio cylindricus、蒙古鲌Chanodichthys mongolicus、贝氏■Hemiculter bleekeri等6种鱼类的鱼卵为主,占总采集鱼卵数的88.76%;各年的鱼卵规模分别为83.04×10^(8)、14.29×10^(8)、20.43×10^(8)和22.83×10^(8)粒;涪陵以上干流江段分布有6个鱼类的集中产卵场,是圆筒吻鮈、长鳍吻鮈R.ventralis、长薄鳅Leptobotia elongata等长江上游特有鱼类重要的产卵场所;逐日产卵规模主要受产卵时透明度及流量大小、产卵前流量或水位上涨过程以及产卵前积温大小的影响,且影响不同鱼类自然繁殖的关键水温、水文因素在不同种类间存在差异。研究结果可为三峡库区鱼类资源保护措施特别是生态调度措施的实施提供科学依据。

基于ISSR分子标记的5种杜鹃属植物遗传多样性研究

采用ISSR分子标记技术对5种杜鹃属植物山顶矮林优势种的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行研究,探讨比较5种植物的遗传多样性水平和亲缘关系。结果表明,5条引物共扩增出131个位点,均为多态性位点,多态性位点比率(PPB)为100%;5种植物93个样本总的观察等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)和Shannona信息指数(I)分别为2.0000、1.3243、0.2161和0.3535。变色杜鹃与猴头杜鹃的遗传相似系数最大,为0.8969。聚类分析将5种杜鹃属植物分为三个类群,变色杜鹃和猴头杜鹃为一类,井冈山杜鹃和光枝杜鹃为一类,云锦杜鹃为单独的一类,聚类分析支持变色杜鹃为猴头杜鹃的变种。5种杜鹃属植物的遗传多样性水平较低,ISSR分子标记技术可用于杜鹃属植物之间的遗传多样性和亲缘关系研究,可为杜鹃属植物的分类鉴定提供分子证据。

分路段差异化收费条件下货车司机出行路径选择意愿模型

为解决货车司机出行路径选择行为缺少考虑差异化收费政策影响的问题,通过出行费用、出行距离、优惠折扣、收费系数和是否关注差异化收费政策这5个变量刻画差异化收费,通过构建分路段差异化收费条件下货车司机出行路径选择的随机森林(random forest,RF)模型。以银昆高速(G85)昭通至水富段及麻水线与昭麻二级路问卷调查数据为基础开展实证分析。结果表明:所构建的分路段差异化收费条件下货车司机出行路径选择的RF模型的分类准确率优于AdaBoost(adaptive boosting)模型、GBDT(gradient boosting decision tree)模型和传统Logit模型;整体重要度方面,优惠折扣是影响货车司机出行路径选择最主要的因素(38.56%),出行费用(13.55%)、出行距离(10.06%)及出行时段(7.08%)对意愿结果存在显著影响;同时,部分分路段差异化收费变量对货车司机出行路径选择意愿存在明显的阈值效应。

纳米金属氧化物对人体细胞毒性效应的构效关系研究

为建立高效的纳米金属氧化物细胞生物毒性构效关系预测模型,研究了20种纳米金属氧化物在不同生物条件下对人正常肺上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)和角质层细胞(HaCaT)的毒性效应构效关系,并首次将元素周期描述符(定量描述符)与试验条件参数(定性描述符)相结合,共同表征金属氧化物的纳米结构特征。在采用支持向量机-特征递归消除法(Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination,SVM-RFE)筛选的最优描述符作为输入参数的基础上,分别应用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)和随机森林(Random Forest,RF)2种高效的建模方法,建立纳米材料构效关系(Structure-Activity Relationships for Nanoparticals,Nano-SAR)预测模型。2个算法训练集的准确率(ACC)均大于0.9,内部验证准确率均大于0.7,测试集外部验证的准确率也均大于0.8,模型验证结果表明2个算法均具有良好的稳定性和较强的预测能力。对比2个算法研究结果表明,RF算法优于SVM算法,且优于文献报道的已有算法。模型机理解释结果表明,水合粒径和电负性是影响两种细胞毒性的主要因素。

有机发光材料玻璃化转变温度与结构定量关系研究

有机发光二极管(OLED)材料具有巨大的应用潜力,其有机发光材料玻璃化转变温度(Tg)是影响热稳定性的重要因素之一.本文将1944种用于OLED的有机发光材料分成训练集(1556种)和测试集(388种);将4885个Dragon参数缩减成472个后,基于线性回归得到含7个参数的子集,用于有机发光材料Tg/MW结构-性能定量关系(QSPR)建模.最佳随机森林回归模型(nodesize=5、ntree=200、mtry=2)产生的训练集决定系数R^(2)=0.979,测试集R^(2)=0.893,精度高于文献报道值.

白云山锐齿槲栎-华山松混交林优势种群空间格局分析

【目的】确定锐齿槲栎(Quercus aliena)和华山松(Pinus armandii)优势种不同发育阶段的种群数量和分布格局及其种间竞争关系,对于二者合理间伐具有重要指导意义,有助于白云山针阔混交林群落的更新和稳定。【方法】调查研究区内锐齿槲栎-华山松混交林,将锐齿槲栎和华山松分为3个径级,分别归属为大树、中树、小树三个成长阶段,分别采用成对相关的g(r)函数和双变量g_(12)(r)函数对其空间分布格局和种内种间关系进行分析。【结果】在完全随机模型下,锐齿槲栎和华山松主要呈聚集分布并向随机分布过渡;在异质泊松模型下锐齿槲栎小树、华山松小树和中树呈聚集分布并逐渐向均匀分布过渡;锐齿槲栎中树和大树呈随机分布并逐渐过渡为均匀分布;华山松大树呈聚集分布并逐渐过渡为随机分布;在种内不同径级空间关联上,负相关主要集中在小树分别与中树、大树之间,中树和大树之间不存在竞争关系;在种间关联上,锐齿槲栎和华山松一直处于负相关关系。【结论】锐齿槲栎和华山松空间分布格局受密度制约,竞争关系在种内和种间均有体现。未来此区域的群落结构和种群空间格局将会向以锐齿槲栎为优势种、华山松优势不再明显的方向演变。