Ecological control of forest pest： a new strategy for forest pest control

与综合害虫管理和化学控制比较，作者提出了森林害虫控制的新策略，森林害虫(ECFP ) 的命名生态的控制。这篇论文考察了发展历史，总结了 ECFP 的概念和原则，讨论了 ECFP 的技术和方法，并且评估了 ECFP 和它的应用程序条件。

Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of CO2Fluxes and Their Climate Controlling Factors for a Subtropical Forest in Ningxiang

In this study, the diurnal and seasonal variations of CO2 fluxes in a subtropical mixed evergreen forest in Ningxiang of Hunan Province, part of the East Asian monsoon region, were quantified for the first time. The fluxes were based on eddy covariance measurements from a newly initiated flux tower. The relationship between the CO2 fluxes and climate factors was also analyzed. The results showed that the target ecosystem appeared to be a clear carbon sink in 2013, with integrated net ecosystem CO2exchange（NEE）, ecosystem respiration（RE）, and gross ecosystem productivity（GEP） of-428.8, 1534.8 and1963.6 g C m^-2yr^-1, respectively. The net carbon uptake（i.e. the-NEE）, RE and GEP showed obvious seasonal variability,and were lower in winter and under drought conditions and higher in the growing season. The minimum NEE occurred on12 June（-7.4 g C m^-2d^-1）, due mainly to strong radiation, adequate moisture, and moderate temperature; while a very low net CO2 uptake occurred in August（9 g C m^-2month^-1）, attributable to extreme summer drought. In addition, the NEE and GEP showed obvious diurnal variability that changed with the seasons. In winter, solar radiation and temperature were the main controlling factors for GEP, while the soil water content and vapor pressure deficit were the controlling factors in summer. Furthermore, the daytime NEE was mainly limited by the water-stress effect under dry and warm atmospheric conditions, rather than by the direct temperature-stress effect.

Family Forest Owners’ Motivation to Control Understory Vegetation: Implications for Consulting Forestry

Forest vegetation management has evolved as a recognized component of intensive forest management practice. It involves the management of competing vegetation necessary to obtain the high yields expected in modern forest plantations via control of interfering plants that influence regeneration outcome, impact timber stand development, and limit native plant and wildlife diversity. It includes cultural control, fire control, mechanical control, biological control, and chemical control. The public perception of forest vegetation management, especially chemical control, is sometimes negative due to health and environmental concerns. It is an important tool in the forest management alternatives available to consulting foresters managing family forest lands (the vast majority of private forest land in the United States). We report on a study that addresses the motivations of family forest owners that implement forest vegetation management practices and the motivation of those who chose not to implement after forester recommendations to do so. For those who do implement forest vegetation management, improvement of wildlife habitat and increased timber growth was the main motivation. For those who did not, cost was the main concern. Size of forest holding plays a major role in determining who will practice intensive forestry.

Effectiveness of Firewise Approach(FWA)in Controlling Forest Fire:A Case of Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve(UNFR),Morogoro,Tanzania

Forest fire has received considerable attention in literature because it is considered one of the most common factors causing disturbances in ecosystems and at the same time considered vital in maintaining ecosystems.Firewise Approach(FWA)has been proposed and used for controlling forest fire and achieving sustainable forest management.The approach requires involvement of communities in managing forest fire incidences in reserved forests.Despite considerable period since FWA has been practiced,there is insufficient scholarly knowledge on effectiveness of the approach in managing forest fire.This paper examines the effectiveness of FWA in managing forest fires in Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve(UNFR).The study employed cross-section research design that involved quantitative and qualitative data collection.The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS)software and content analysis.The study found alternating periods:the period of overall decrease of wildfire incidences within initial five years of practising the approach.The study concludes that the FWA is useful in reducing forest fire incidences during early period of practising the approach and another period of huge fire occurrence beyond five years.However,the FWA has challenges of sustaining successes in controlling forest fires including limited fire management training to common community.The study recommends sustaining communities’trainings on forest fire management.

Empirical Analysis of Forest Pest Control Efficiency from 2003 to 2014 in China

Three indexes including forest pest occurrence area,control area and input fund of 31 provinces from 2003 to 2014 were selected from Forestry Statistical Yearbook,to establish dynamic interaction index evaluation system with clustering robust regression model and Stata 13. 0 software. Total forest pest control efficiency in China was determined according to the computing result of entropy method. Suggestions such as improving forest pest control efficiency,increasing service efficiency and input amount of forest pest control input funds were put forward. It will provide empirical basis for target management evaluation of forest pest control work and accountability system.

Moisture Control Methods in Silk Reeling Process of Tobacco Based on the Random Forest Regression

The moisture control of materials in silk reeling technology of tobacco is regarded as the key factor influencing the inner quality of cigarette. In this paper, according to the statistical data of the silk reeling production line of Yunyan (Ruanzhen brand) of Qujing cigarette factory from June 2013 to May 2014, it is feasible to apply the random forest regression model to study the problem of moisture control theoretically. In the perfuming stage of silk reeling, a random forest regression model is established to describe the change of moisture content of finished cut tobacco in the export link of perfuming stage, aroused by several factors including incoming water content and different environment. According to the model, good moisture control in the export link of perfuming stage (accordance with the technological standards) can be realized by adjusting the regulating reference value of incoming moisture under specific workshop environments. In the drying stage of silk reeling, the most effective method of moisture control is to adjust the cylinder wall temperature by means of analyzing the correlation coefficients among variables which influence the moisture content of cut tobacco in the export link of drying stage and then establishing another random forest regression model. And this method is consistent with the traditional production experiences. In conclusion, these methods referred above provide strong theoretical basis for stable moisture control in the export link of perfuming stage.

EFFECTIVENESS COMPARISON OF BIOCONTROL AGENTS TO CONTROL FOREST PESTS

Fungi and bacteria as insecticides have been tested to control forest pests for more than ten years, they are the saine kind of biocontrol agent with the different conentrations. thesame kind of the biocontrol agent with the different origin areas, and the mixtures of the different kinds of biocontrol agents. The infection mechanism of virus was discussed. moreover. the mfluence of these biocontrol agents on the small animals was also evaluated.

RESEARCH ON THE CONTROL OF FOREST RAT USINGCOUMATETRALYL

In recent vears, as the inerease of the artificial forest, the damages by the forest rats are beeoming more and more serious, which have ereated a lot damage to forest. This report is the results of our experiments using coumateralyl to control forest rats. The experiments that we earry out here include the measurement of the toxicity of this rodenticides to those rats, the indoor and outdoor tests of the efficiency of those rodenticides, the second time poisoning experiment and the investigation of the safety of that compound. The results shown that baits with coumatetralyl as main rodentieides is verv effieient safe and ceonomic in the control of those forest rats This rodenticides and phosazetim can be used altemately in the control of those forest rats to prevent the resistance of the rats and to promote the control effect.

面向ICS的CGAN-DEEPFOREST入侵检测

随着工业化与信息化的深度融合,工业控制系统(ICS)的安全问题广受关注,ICS领域出现了许多入侵检测模型.但是,现存模型存在局限性,无法同时解决数据不平衡、分类时间长、小样本检测率低和准确率低的问题.因此,本文提出CGAN-DeepForest入侵检测模型解决上述问题.首先,采用改进的条件生成对抗网络(CGAN)定向扩充数据来改善数据的不平衡性.其次,采用随机森林对平衡后的数据集进行特征提取,降低分类模型训练时间和分类时间.再次,采用深度森林(DeepForest)进行分类,提高小样本检测率和整体准确率,输出分类结果.最后,使用数据集Gas验证模型效果.实验结果表明,本文模型与简单深度森林模型相比准确率整体提升3%,小样本数据NMRI、MFCI、Dos的查全率、查准率、F1分别提高至95%、84%、90%;与随机森林模型相比,准确率整体提高6%,小样本NMRI的查全率提升23%;与深度卷积神经网络相比,准确率接近94%时,模型训练时间和分类时间提高约50%.

Soil Erosion Control Degree of the Project of Converting Farmland to Forest in Mountainous Areas at China's Southwest Border:A Case Study in Mangshi,Yunnan Province

There have been few in-depth quantitative studies on soil erosion control and the ecological effects of land use changes.Soil erosion is the first eco-environmental problem particularly in mountainous areas.A major problem in the conversion of farmland to forest is to control soil erosion and improve ecological environment and thus to improve land use sustainability.We report results of calculation and analysis on soil erosion from converted farmland parcels in city of Mangshi (near the SW frontier of China) and the surrounding areas before and after the nine-year (2000-2009) project of converting farmland to forest.There was increased water conservation effect,as a result of decreased soil erosion.The average erosion modulus of the farmland returning to eco-friendly uses decreased by 5,535.59 t/km2?a and the control degree of soil erosion modulus reached 71.00%.The increased soil erosion after the returning in the typical sample area "did not drop,but increased" as the terraced fields decreased but sloping farmland increased and yet woodland decreased.

Innovation in Bio-disaster Prevention and Control Mechanism after Forest Tenure Reform at County Level

Taking Youxi County of Fujian Province as an example,the author introduced basic situations of new bio-disaster prevention and control mechanism for forest resource protection and social service works after the forest tenure reform.Then,the author analyzed new problems faced by bio-disaster prevention and control in forestry.Finally,the author present the existing problems of bio-disaster prevention and control at the county level from five aspects:innovating upon plant quarantine management mechanism;innovation upon survey methods and service modes of bio-disaster monitoring;strengthening and improving construction of bio-disaster monitoring and forecasting network;innovating upon management system for bio-disaster prevention and control;speeding up construction of service system for social prevention and control of bio-disasters.

Using modified Soil Conservation Service curve number method to simulate the role of forest in flood control in the upper reach of the Tingjiang River in China

To improve flood control efficiency and increase urban resilience to flooding,the impacts of forest type change on flood control in the upper reach of the Tingjiang River(URTR) were evaluated by a modified model based on the Soil Conservation Service curve number(SCS-CN) method. Parameters of the model were selected and determined according to the comprehensive analysis of model evaluation indexes. The first simulation of forest reconstruction scenario,namely a coniferous forest covering 59.35km^2 is replaced by a broad-leaved forest showed no significant impact on the flood reduction in the URTR. The second simulation was added with 61.75km^2 bamboo forest replaced by broad-leaved forest,the reduction of flood peak discharge and flood volume could be improved significantly. Specifically,flood peak discharge of 10-year return period event was reduced to 7-year event,and the reduction rate of small flood was 21%-28%. Moreover,the flood volume was reduced by 9%-14% and 18%-35% for moderate floods and small floods,respectively. The resultssuggest that the bamboo forest reconstruction is an effective control solution for small to moderate flood in the URTR,the effect of forest conversion on flood volume is increasingly reduced as the rainfall amount increases to more extreme magnitude. Using a hydrological model with scenarios analysis is an effective simulation approach in investigating the relationship between forest type change and flood control. This method would provide reliable support for flood control and disaster mitigation in mountainous cities.

基于路面等级识别的车辆半主动悬架内外环控制

针对车辆在不同路面等级下对悬架动态性能与馈能特性需求不同的问题,提出一种基于RF-XGBoost路面等级识别算法的半主动悬架内外环控制策略。利用随机森林(Random Forest,RF)模型对极端梯度提升(Extreme Gradient Boosting,XGBoost)算法进行优化,搭建RF-XGBoost算法模型对路面等级进行识别。将路面等级与悬架控制策略相结合,设计外环为天地棚控制,内环为自适应滑模控制的内外环控制,实现非线性悬架的自适应控制。仿真结果表明,相比传统混合天地棚控制的悬架,内外环控制下的悬架在A级路面下簧载质量加速度降低15.52%,并实现50.4 W的振动能量回收,在B、C级路面下簧载质量加速度分别降低15.09%、16.72%,轮胎动载荷分别降低11.63%、11.42%,在D级路面下轮胎动载荷降低14.12%。台架试验的结果与仿真分析的结果基本一致,表明所设计的自适应内外环控制有效。

辉南县国有林区森林火灾隐患源头治理措施

本文从明确工作指导思想、目标、方式方法和保障措施几个方面总结了辉南县在开展国有林区森林火灾隐患源头治理工作中采取的措施,将森林火灾隐患源头治理工作作为加强国有林区森林防灭火工作的有效手段,使国有林区森林火灾隐患得到有效遏制,收到了明显成效。

基于组合森林的工业控制系统入侵检测

随着工业控制系统与互联网的关联逐渐紧密,增加了工控系统被外部入侵的可能性,其网络安全也变得日渐重要。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于组合孤立森林的IPCA-CIF入侵检测方法。该方法在PCA的基础上引入信息价值实现特征提取;其次,结合孤立森林和扩展孤立森林提出了一种组合森林的入侵检测方法,对降维后的数据进行入侵检测;最后构建入侵检测模型进行结果验证。实验表明,IPCA-CIF模型在SWa T数据集上,其检测率为0.986,F1-score可达0.893,具有良好的检测性能。

密度控制和追肥对杉木近熟林改培大径材林的效应分析

为构建南岭山区杉木大径材高效培育技术体系,提高大径材产量与质量,将现有林分改培为大径材林是切实可行的途径。本研究以杉木近熟林为对象,采用正交设计进行疏伐与配方施肥改培试验研究。结果表明:在杉木树高-胸径生长模型研究中,幂函数模型有较好的拟合效果,是最理想的树高-胸径生长模型选择;杉木近熟林改培后第3年,处理前、后各材种变化总体呈现出小、中径材逐步减少,大径材逐步增加的趋势,大径材增量最大的是处理2。影响处理前后树高、胸径和单株材积增量的因子效应大小依次为追施尿素、追施过磷酸钙、保留密度,影响大径材出材量及出材率增量的试验因子有差异,增加大径材出材量和提高大径材出材率的最优组合一致。试验结果表明,当密度处于中等或中等偏高水平、尿素和过磷酸钙均处于中等水平时,最利于提高大径材出材量和出材率。

FY3D地表温度质量评估和偏差订正方法研究

我国FY3D卫星时间序列短,而气候业务应用需要长时间序列卫星遥感数据集,因而单独使用FY3D相关产品难以应用于气候业务。本研究在对我国FY3D LST和MODIS LST质量评估基础上,研发随机森林偏差订正算法,将FY3D LST产品订正到MODIS LST质量水平上,通过构建融合FY3D和MODIS LST长时间序列产品,开展其气候业务应用研究。试验表明,该方法能够有效提高FY3D LST与MODIS LST的接近程度,为开展我国风云卫星气候业务应用提供技术参考。

赣州市森林防灭火现状分析及其优化措施研究

为厘清基层现行森林防灭火体制机制中存在的不足,因地制宜制定科学合理的森林防灭火规划方案,以森林覆盖率较高的赣州市为例,基于实地调研基础上,通过构建SWOT-PEST模型,从政治、经济、社会、技术四个方面,分析赣州市现行森林防灭火体系的优势、劣势、机遇与挑战,据此提出加强森林防灭火联合防控、完善森林防灭火经费体系、持续贯彻森林防灭火理念、推广高效防灭火装备技术等具体措施,以期对推动基层防灭火能力提升、提高基层政府应急处突能力有所裨益。

桉树相思树混交林对薇甘菊入侵的控制效果评价

[目的]探索桉树混交林对薇甘菊的入侵控制效果。[方法]以桉树纯林作对比,设置1行桉树+1行相思树(混交模式A)、2列桉树+2列相思树(混交模式B)2种混交模式,对3种造林模式的林木生长状况、薇甘菊生物量、叶生物量、林分透光度、薇甘菊盖度等相关指标进行分析,揭示控制薇甘菊的关键因素。[结果]混交林中,相思树的平均树高、平均胸径、平均冠幅、单株叶生物量等均比桉树纯林的大;林分透光度、林分薇甘菊生物量表现为桉树纯林>混交模式B~混交模式A(P<0.05),林分乔木层的总叶生物量、薇甘菊生物量表现为混交模式A~混交模式B>桉树纯林;3种造林模式内,薇甘菊盖度达70%以上只在桉树纯林内存在,盖度只有5%~10%或者没有薇甘菊的只在混交林内存在。[结论]综合以上因素,3种造林模式对薇甘菊入侵控制效果为混交模式A~混交模式B>桉树纯林,说明林分密度、枝叶繁茂程度、林分透光度等因素是控制薇甘菊入侵的关键。

入境火扑救工作经验总结——以第五师“9·8”中哈边境森林草原火灾为例

入境火由于其特殊的性质,给森林火灾的防控带来一定的困难,做好入境火的监控管理及扑救总结,将对我国的资源保护起到至关重要的作用。通过对中哈边境第五师双河市84团界内夏尔希里自然保护区边境线交界处和84团北山草场边境线内入境森林草原火灾有效防控措施和扑灭过程的经验总结,为今后我国边境地区入境火的防治提供对策和建议。