Based on more than 300 forest sample plots surveying data and forestry statistical data, remote sensing information from the NOAA AVHRR database and the daily meteorological data of 300 stations, we selected vigor, or...Based on more than 300 forest sample plots surveying data and forestry statistical data, remote sensing information from the NOAA AVHRR database and the daily meteorological data of 300 stations, we selected vigor, organization and resilience as the indicators to assess large-scale forest ecosystem health in China and analyzed the spatial pattern of forest ecosystem health and influencing factors. The results of assessment indicated that the spatial pattern of forest ecosystem health showed a decreasing trend along latitude gradients and longitude gradients. The healthy forests are mainly distributed in natural forests, tropical rainforests and seasonal rainforests; secondarily orderly in northeast national forest zone, subtropical forest zonation and southwest forest zonation; while the unhealthy forests were mainly located in warm temperate zone and Xinjiang-Mongolia forest zone. The coefficient of correction between Forest Ecosystem Health Index (FEHI) and annual average precipitation was 0.58 (p<0.01), while the coefficient of correlation between FEHI and annual mean temperatures was 0.49 (p<0.01), which identified that the precipitation and temperatures affect the pattern of FEHI, and the precipitation’s effect was stronger than the temperature’s. We also measured the correlation coefficient between FEHI and NPP, biodiversity and resistance, which were 0.64, 0.76 and 0.81 (p<0.01) respectively. The order of effect on forest ecosystem health was vigor, organization and resistance.展开更多
The assessment of the ecosystem health of urban rivers and lakes is the scientific basis for their management and ecological restoration.This study developed a three-level indicator system for its assessment.The resul...The assessment of the ecosystem health of urban rivers and lakes is the scientific basis for their management and ecological restoration.This study developed a three-level indicator system for its assessment.The results indicated that:Zhonghai and Nanhai are in the state of transition from unhealthy to critical state and all the other lakes are in unhealthy states.Water environmental quality,structure and function of the aquatic ecosystem,and the structure of waterfront areas were the constraints.Nanhai was ranked as poor and the others were all ranked as very poor.However,the ecological environment of Zhonghai and Nanhai were better than the others,the sums of the degree of membership to the healthy state and critical state were all close to 0.6.and the restorations of these lakes were moderate.The sums of the degree of membership to the healthy state and critical state of the other lakes were under 0.3,as it was difficult to restore these lakes.Some suggestions on scientific management and ecological restoration of the six lakes were proposed:①To control non-point pollution and to improve the water quality of six lakes and the water entering into these lakes;②To improve the hydrological conditions of six lakes;③To rehabilitate the aquatic ecosystem and waterfront areas.展开更多
Maintenance of ecosystem health is the primary focus of a sound ecological restoration.Yet methods in-volved in quantifying and assessing the health level remain a challenge to the ecological community.In this study,w...Maintenance of ecosystem health is the primary focus of a sound ecological restoration.Yet methods in-volved in quantifying and assessing the health level remain a challenge to the ecological community.In this study,we selected the hill and gully area of Loess Plateau,Inner Mongolia,China,as our study area.The soil and water ero-sions in this area continue to be responsible for many environmental problems in northern China because of its fragility and long disturbance history.In this study,we de-veloped an assessment method of indicator system(AMIS)based on analytical hierarchy process(AHP),fuzzy mathe-matics,and the theory of net-hierarchy.At ecosystem or catchment scale,three sample areas,that is(1)intact vege-tation(i.e.,Aguimiao Natural Reserve,110°45′E,39°28′N),(2)reconstructed vegetation(Wufendigou Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Area,111°07′E,39°45′N),and(3)severely degraded vegetation(Yangquangou Catchment,111°06′E,39°45′N)in the hill and gully area of Loess Pla-teau in Inner Mongolia,China,were selected to examine ecosystem vigor,organizational structure,service function,and soil health.We applied the AMIS for all three land-scapes by categorizing each ecosystem into five health levels.We found that the health index for reconstructed vegetation were at levels of IV,II,IV,and III,while those of degraded vegetation were ranked at V,IV,V,and IV.Overall,the comprehensive ecosystem health index of re-constructed vegetation was lower than that of intact vegetation but higher than that of degraded vegetation.The health index for reconstructed vegetation was at level III,and that of degraded vegetation was still at level IV.The contributing values were:organization structure>soil health>vigor>service function.Based on our results and assessments,we proposed several management recommen-dations and methods for restoring the regional ecosystems.展开更多
基金Knowledge Innovation Project of CASNo.KZCX2-405+1 种基金 National Meteorological Center ProjectNo.ZK2003C-18
文摘Based on more than 300 forest sample plots surveying data and forestry statistical data, remote sensing information from the NOAA AVHRR database and the daily meteorological data of 300 stations, we selected vigor, organization and resilience as the indicators to assess large-scale forest ecosystem health in China and analyzed the spatial pattern of forest ecosystem health and influencing factors. The results of assessment indicated that the spatial pattern of forest ecosystem health showed a decreasing trend along latitude gradients and longitude gradients. The healthy forests are mainly distributed in natural forests, tropical rainforests and seasonal rainforests; secondarily orderly in northeast national forest zone, subtropical forest zonation and southwest forest zonation; while the unhealthy forests were mainly located in warm temperate zone and Xinjiang-Mongolia forest zone. The coefficient of correction between Forest Ecosystem Health Index (FEHI) and annual average precipitation was 0.58 (p<0.01), while the coefficient of correlation between FEHI and annual mean temperatures was 0.49 (p<0.01), which identified that the precipitation and temperatures affect the pattern of FEHI, and the precipitation’s effect was stronger than the temperature’s. We also measured the correlation coefficient between FEHI and NPP, biodiversity and resistance, which were 0.64, 0.76 and 0.81 (p<0.01) respectively. The order of effect on forest ecosystem health was vigor, organization and resistance.
基金This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2006CB403403)Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50238020)。
文摘The assessment of the ecosystem health of urban rivers and lakes is the scientific basis for their management and ecological restoration.This study developed a three-level indicator system for its assessment.The results indicated that:Zhonghai and Nanhai are in the state of transition from unhealthy to critical state and all the other lakes are in unhealthy states.Water environmental quality,structure and function of the aquatic ecosystem,and the structure of waterfront areas were the constraints.Nanhai was ranked as poor and the others were all ranked as very poor.However,the ecological environment of Zhonghai and Nanhai were better than the others,the sums of the degree of membership to the healthy state and critical state were all close to 0.6.and the restorations of these lakes were moderate.The sums of the degree of membership to the healthy state and critical state of the other lakes were under 0.3,as it was difficult to restore these lakes.Some suggestions on scientific management and ecological restoration of the six lakes were proposed:①To control non-point pollution and to improve the water quality of six lakes and the water entering into these lakes;②To improve the hydrological conditions of six lakes;③To rehabilitate the aquatic ecosystem and waterfront areas.
基金supported by the Development Plan of the State Key Fundamental Research of China (No.G2000018604)the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30060018)the Key Scientific and Researching Program of Educational Agency of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (No.ZD9903).
文摘Maintenance of ecosystem health is the primary focus of a sound ecological restoration.Yet methods in-volved in quantifying and assessing the health level remain a challenge to the ecological community.In this study,we selected the hill and gully area of Loess Plateau,Inner Mongolia,China,as our study area.The soil and water ero-sions in this area continue to be responsible for many environmental problems in northern China because of its fragility and long disturbance history.In this study,we de-veloped an assessment method of indicator system(AMIS)based on analytical hierarchy process(AHP),fuzzy mathe-matics,and the theory of net-hierarchy.At ecosystem or catchment scale,three sample areas,that is(1)intact vege-tation(i.e.,Aguimiao Natural Reserve,110°45′E,39°28′N),(2)reconstructed vegetation(Wufendigou Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Area,111°07′E,39°45′N),and(3)severely degraded vegetation(Yangquangou Catchment,111°06′E,39°45′N)in the hill and gully area of Loess Pla-teau in Inner Mongolia,China,were selected to examine ecosystem vigor,organizational structure,service function,and soil health.We applied the AMIS for all three land-scapes by categorizing each ecosystem into five health levels.We found that the health index for reconstructed vegetation were at levels of IV,II,IV,and III,while those of degraded vegetation were ranked at V,IV,V,and IV.Overall,the comprehensive ecosystem health index of re-constructed vegetation was lower than that of intact vegetation but higher than that of degraded vegetation.The health index for reconstructed vegetation was at level III,and that of degraded vegetation was still at level IV.The contributing values were:organization structure>soil health>vigor>service function.Based on our results and assessments,we proposed several management recommen-dations and methods for restoring the regional ecosystems.
