Financial Support for Farmers' Cooperative Organizations——A Case of Yunan Province,China

In the paper,the status quo of the development of farmers' cooperative organizations in Yunnan Province is introduced.And then a series of problems exist in the financial support of farmers' cooperatives in Yunnan is analyzed,covering the unitary mainstay of credit and loan supply;inadequate credit and loan supply caused by famers' lack of security and mortgage;farmers' difficulties in loaning from banks or other financial institutions;single financial service,which can not satisfy the demands of farmers;the private loans are active while lacks right direction and guide;the outflow of capital in rural areas has limited the development of rural economy.In view of the above mentioned problems,countermeasures and relevant suggestions are put forward,namely increasing the subjects of the loan and credit supply and expanding the financing channels.Therefore,the spheres of business of the Agricultural Development Bank of China should be expanded.Besides,the support from Agricultural Bank of China for rural construction should be strengthened and the major role played by rural credit cooperatives in rural finance should be enforced.In addition,the innovation of financial products should be highlighted;the appearance of private financing should be allowed;financial support from the government should be increased and the preferential policies for taxes and fees should be implemented.

Construction of the Government Support and Evaluation Index System of Farmers' Cooperative Economic Organizations

On the basis of expounding the necessity of evaluation index system of farmers' cooperative economic organization,the three first level indexes including organization development index,member development index and social development index and 13 second level indexes including aggregate capital of cooperative organization,annual profit share of cooperative organization,annual total income of cooperative organization,etc.,are established according to the principles of Systematics and the methods of Statistics and Quantitative economics.By using the analytical hierarchy process,the weight of each index is tested and the operation result and evaluation mode is established,as well as the index standard value and comprehensive value.As for the result of the evaluation,it is suggested that the government should support the farmers' cooperative organizations in hierarchy and targeted way according to local conditions.Though the construction of index system and comprehensive score,the government should establish the entry and exit mechanism of farmers' cooperative organizations to reasonably guild the rapid development of cooperators.

International Experience of Farmers Specialized Cooperative Economic Organizations in Marketing of Agricultural Products

In the world,development modes of farmers specialized cooperative economic organizations mainly includes two types:( i) specialized agricultural cooperatives with the United States of America as representative,and( ii) comprehensive agricultural cooperatives with Japan and South Korea as representative. In comparison,China mainly develops farmers specialized cooperatives which are agricultural production with family as unit and small in land and management scale like agricultural production in Japan. Therefore,in marketing of agricultural products,cooperatives in the United States of America and Japan have successful experience. China may learn such experience in the development of farmers specialized cooperatives.

Present Situation and Development Mode of Chinese Farmers' Cooperative Organizations

In developed countries,the typical modes of farmers' cooperative organizations are " German mode", " Japan and South Korea mode" and " American mode". The development of farmers' cooperative organizations in China is the product of need and being needed,with low level of specialization,systematism and industrialization. However,Chinese farmers' cooperative organizations have the advantages of diversification,full supporting and great opportunities of Internet economy and e-commerce environment. Based on that,this paper puts forward the " Chinese mode" for the development of farmers' cooperative organizations in China in the future,that is,the main body of innovation and entrepreneurship will unite,and the other entities of production and industry will follow them.

Research on Benefit Distribution Mechanism of Farmers’ Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization

On the basis of conducting survey in Jiaonan City,the thesis analyzes benefit distribution mechanism of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,the benefit correlation is mainly the contract correlation;secondly,the profit distribution is mainly the dividend;thirdly,patronage refund has many connotations;fourthly,the public accumulation has not yet been quantified to individual;fifthly,the government support capital is ill-defined.Based on these,the measures are put forward in order to improve benefit distribution pattern of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,reform structure of property rights and realize farmers’ ownership;secondly,change mode of decision-making,and realize farmers’ control;thirdly,increase turnover rebate and realize farmers’ benefiting;fourthly,quantify public accumulation and government support fund.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Farmers' Participation in Forest Farmers Cooperatives Based on Empirical Research of Zhejiang Province

Based on field research data of farmers in Zhejiang Province, the authors analyzed factors influencing farmers' participation in forest farmers cooperatives (hereafter referred to as FFCs) by the binary logistic regression model. Results show that understanding of farmers about cooperatives has a great influence on their behavior of participation in FFCs. Besides, educational level of householders and existing member scale of cooperatives also have significant influence on farmers' behavior of participation in cooperatives. Therefore, it is required to strengthen propaganda of cooperatives, deepen their understanding of cooperatives; cultivate new high quality farmers to provide talents for development of cooperatives; establish incentive mechanism to encourage farmers to participate in cooperatives.

The Function,Future and Support Elements of Farmer Cooperative Economy Organization

The nature of farmer cooperative economy organization( known as FCEO) determines the fact that the economic effects of farmer cooperative economy organization are as important as its social effects. Many experts,however,now would only focus on its economic function, and either neglect or weaken its social influence. Therefore,this paper introduces the theoretical foundation of the farmer cooperative economy organization,and studies the nature of cooperative economics. Based on those typical cases,the future of cooperative organization and four supporting elements were put forward in this paper.

Research on Contractual Model Selection of Farmers' Cooperatives——A Case Study of Production and Marketing Cooperative of Sweet Pomegranate in Mengzi,Yunnan

In the perspective of new institutional economics,we regard farmers' cooperatives as a "contractual set" integrating a series of long-term contractual relations,and transform the selection problem of organization forms into selection problem of contractual model within organization.By the theoretical framework of Transaction Cost Economics,we analyze the formation mechanism and determinant factors of contractual model of different farmers' cooperatives and conduct case study on Production and Marketing Cooperative of Sweet Pomegranate in Mengzi,Yunnan.The results show that selecting contractual forms of cooperatives is the result of weighing many factors;new organization model or contractual arrangement is complementary to the former system arrangement;the selection of cooperatives model is an important factor impacting cooperation efficiency and stability of organization.One organization model with efficiency not only hinges on the transaction characteristic of organization,but also considers the compatibility with exterior transaction environment.In the process of selecting contractual model,we should conform to objective evolving law,but not be in thrall to a certain given form.

Rural Cooperative Economic Organized United Association: A Case Study of Baoding City of Hebei Province

Taking its development in Baoding City as an example, we introduced service fields of rural cooperative economic organized united association. It mainly includes setting up service platform and providing scientific and technological services; organizing economic and trade negotiation and exchange, and promoting farmer-supermarket partnership; providing financial services and solving fund-raising problems. In line with these fields, we analyzed existing problems: (i) regional development is unbalanced and organization lacks internal connection; (ii) the development in some counties (cities) is to be improved, and the promotion effect is not significant; (iii) there is shortage of talent and the innovation strength is not enough; and (iv) it lacks system and management lacks restriction mechanism. Finally, we put forward countermeasures and recommendations: strengthen propaganda and cultivate farmers' cooperative awareness; incorporate rural cooperative economic organized united association into formal system arrangement, and absorb professional talents; innovate upon organization system of rural cooperative economic organized united association and improve service methods; improve internal operating mechanism and innovate upon working contents of rural cooperative economic organized united association at new development background.

Analysis on the Rural Cooperative Organization Established by Returning Migrant Workers——A Case of the Cooperative Organization of Han's Cattle and Lamb Fattening in Gonghe County,Qinghai Province

Taking the Han's Cattle and Lamb Fattening Cooperative Organization in Gonghe County of Qinghai Province as an example,the geographic situation,establishment process and operation situation of the cooperative organization are expounded.And then the social effect of returning migrant workers who start their own business is analyzed.In the first place,starting their own business has promoted the rapid development of economy at county level;in the second place,it has promoted the adjustment of agricultural structure;in the third place,it is conducive to reallocating resources.The problems in the development of Han's Cattle and Lamb Fattening Cooperative Organization are analyzed from four aspects covering weakening of village' cadres,multiple ethnic groups,difficulties in expanding scale cooperation and inadequate funds.Three countermeasures which are conducive to creating favorable external environment for migrant workers to start their own businesses,takes the ethnic factors into consideration and implements scale operation,so as to solve the new problems in the process of developing rural farmers' cooperative organization and provide the evidence for formulating relevant policies.

合作社嵌入对林农有机肥施用行为的影响

基于理性行为理论和嵌入性理论探讨合作社嵌入对林农有机肥施用行为的影响机制,运用IV-probit模型对浙闽赣3省330户林农经济林生产调查数据分析合作社嵌入对林农有机肥施用行为的影响程度。结果表明:合作社嵌入能够显著地促进林农有机肥施用行为,对小规模林农有机肥施用行为的影响更为显著;合作社嵌入程度对林农有机肥施用行为的影响存在明显差异,嵌入程度较高的林农有机肥施用的概率明显大于嵌入程度中等和较低的林农。因此,要加强合作社与林农的联系与合作提高林农组织化程度,完善合作社与林农利益的联结机制,增强合作社对林农的吸引力,立足林业生产实际,重点关注小规模林农的有机肥需求。

“三位一体”综合合作组织:衔接产业扶贫与产业兴旺的有益探索——以经棚镇为例

经棚镇建立了“三位一体”综合合作组织,探索了一种有益的衔接模式。在组织产生阶段,外部的规引推动与内部的联合融合促成综合合作组织的形成。在组织运行阶段,通过生产合作提供从播种到收割的土地托管服务,供销合作促进农产品城乡流动,信用合作开展内部金融互助促进产业发展。在组织发展阶段,充分挖掘产业扶贫与产业兴旺的衔接要素,要继续发挥党政部门“扶持之手”作用,加强服务组织的带动作用,增进村集体的统筹能力,提升小农户在市场中的话语权。

我国农民专业合作经济组织发展的完善与创新——基于对浙江省实践的分析

本文结合浙江省的具体实践,首先把农民专业合作经济组织分为专业协会、传统专业合作社和股份合作社三大类,分别对其发展特点和趋势进行了揭示。其次,对农民专业合作经济组织的发展模式进行了总结,认为在不久的将来会呈现出以农户为主导,多部门、多层次推动发展的格局。最后,结合浙江省农民专业合作经济组织目前发展过程中存在的问题,提出了进一步发展我国农民专业合作经济组织的对策建议。

“公司+农户”组织运行困境的经济学分析

当前 ,“公司 +农户”组织运行面临矛盾与困境 ,其经济学根源主要包括农产品生产经营风险导致交易成本过高、契约双方势力悬殊使农户易被“套牢”、道德风险与机会主义行为、以及组织与制度缺陷等。“公司 +农户”

林农参与林业专业合作社的意愿与调查分析

基于对浙江省龙泉市林业专业合作社深入的调研进行实证分析。根据所得数据描述性的理论分析和统计分析结果构建的Probit模型对影响林农参与林业专业合作社的因素进行深入分析的结果表明:林农参与合作社的意愿受农户户主的年龄、林业收入占家庭总收入的比例、林产品销售问题、对林业专业合作社的了解程度等因素的影响。在此基础上,提出应该继续加强林业合作社的宣传工作、提高合作社的产品营销能力等发展农民专业合作社的相关对策建议。

合作与不合作的政治经济学分析——我国农民经济组织发展中的国家、政府与市场

农民经济组织是小农家庭进入市场的桥梁和纽带,是在农民与国家、政府、市场等多种力量的博弈中产生和发展起来的。农民经济组织演进的路径、组织形式、发展规模和速度受到并将继续受到市场激励与要求、政府约束与支持、农村制度安排与宏观社会经济环境等多种因素的影响。因此,农民经济组织的发展对进一步深化我国农村政治经济体制改革提出了新的要求。

论“公司+农户”组织的制度缺陷及其改革与创新

当前“公司+农户”组织运行存在困境与问题。公司与农户博弈的结果是难以形成合作的纳什均衡,因而难以建立长期稳定的合作关系。其深层原因在于这种组织自身的制度缺陷。农业产业化组织的改革与创新将是逐步建立规范的农民合作组织。

关于集体林权制度改革和林业合作经济组织建设——基于三明市、南平市、丽水市的调研

在了解福建省三明市、南平市,浙江省丽水市集体林权制度改革进程的基础上,对林业合作经济组织的状况进行了跟踪调查。总结了林业经济合作组织的基本类型,剖析了其特点。指出其合作经济组织普遍的特点是,规模小、服务单一,同业竞争小;经营管理缺乏民主;少数合作组织运作方式比较现代,能比较有效地解决小农户与大市场之间的矛盾。提出了有效推动我国林业合作经济组织快速健康发展的建议。

江西省农户参与林业合作组织的意愿及其影响因素分析

采用问卷调查和probit模型分析方法,从家庭基本特征、林业生产状况、就业替代条件和林业部门的政策导向等方面分析影响江西省农户参与林业合作组织的因素。研究结果表明:户主年龄、家庭劳动力中从事林业的人数、是否了解林业组织、是否富裕户是影响江西省农户参与林业合作组织的重要因素。