The role of forest culture in green construction and management of forest parks:merging knowledge-attitude-practice and theory of planned behavior

As a cultural concept refl ecting the relationship between humans and forests,forest culture plays an active role in sustainable forest management.Forest parks provide a wide range of ecosystem services essential for the sustainable development of society,and the relationships between forest culture,green construction and management of forest parks have practical signifi cance.This study aimed to understand the interaction and process of forest culture infl uencing green construction and management in forest parks with the models Knowledge-Attitude-Practice(KAP)and Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB)by proposing a theoretical model.Four hypotheses were tested using data collected from 193 forest park employees in Heilongjiang Province,China.Our results show that forest culture had a signifi cant infl uence on green construction and forest management.In addition,subjective norm and perceived behavioral control directly impacted behavior in green construction and management of the forest park,whereas attitude did not have an impact.Subjective norm had a direct eff ect on attitude.Results between constructs show that forest culture had an indirect eff ect on planning and construction,and on ecological and economic management.Consequently,it supported three of four hypotheses within the proposed model in determining the infl uence of forest culture on green construction and management.

Investigation of Macrofungi in Wula Mountain National Forest Park at Yinshan Mountains

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the fungi in Wula Mountain National Forest Park. [Method] More than 180 fungal specimens were collected from Wula Mountain National Forest Park from 2009 to 2012 for primarily studying the fungal species diversity. [Results] According to the classification system presented by Ainsworth et al. and with reference to the China catalogue of Macrofungi in species diversity catalogue of Fungi at Wula Mountain National Forest Park was written, involving in 80 species belonging to 43 genera, 22 families, 5 orders and 2 classes in the Basidiomycotina, and 6 species belonging to 2 genera, 2 families, 2 orders and2 classes in Ascomycotina, totally from 86 species, 45 genera, 7 orders, 24 families and 2 subdivisions. Among them, 49 species were edible and 22 species were medicinal, and 18 species were both edible and medicinal, and 7 species were poisonous, and 32 species were wood-rotting, and 5 species were mycorrhizal fungi,and 3 species were newly-recorded ones in Inner Mongolia. [Conclusion] There are still some specimens that have not been identified yet because of lack of literature,thus requiring further study for supplement.

Protection and Utilization of Cultural Landscape in a Forest Park in Ethnic Minority Region ——With a Case of Zhangjiajie

Presently, more and more attention is paid to cultural landscapes by peo-ple at travel ing, especial y for folk culture in ethnic minority regions where rich hu-man landscapes could be ful y made use of to improve landscape quality. In the research, cultural landscapes in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park were surveyed and evaluated to analyze characters of cultural utilization, as wel as problems existing in the Park. In addition, highlights were given to protection on cultural landscapes in a forest park construction, presentation of ethnic minority culture, and ful development of tourism products.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Public Signs in Chinese-English Translation——Based on the Example of Shaoguan National Forest Park

With the rapid development of economy and close international exchanges, the English translation of public signs is in-creasingly important and cannot be ignored. This paper takes Shaoguan National Forest Park as an example to analyze its publicsigns translation and points out some pragmatic failures from two aspects:pragmatic language failures and social pragmatic failures.Also, the paper puts forward some suggestions based on the translation error analysis.

The Research on Evaluation and Development Value of Landscape Resources in Junwu Forest Park of Liuzhou City in China

The paper had pointed out that landscape resources were the roots that forest park attracted tourists, and objective and correct evaluation on landscape resources was the foundation to identify development tendency of forest park. Based on the field study, it had firstly conducted qualitative evaluation on landscape resources in Junwu Forest Park of Liuzhou City, concluded that forest landscape had distinctive feature and high quality, sceneries in forest were splendid and colorful, landscape combination was good and forest ecological environment was excellent in quality. Furthermore, in accordance with China Forest Park Landscape Resources Quality Grade Evaluation (GB/T18005-1999), quantitative evaluation had been conducted on landscape resources of Junwu Forest Park in Liuzhou City. On this basis, it had deeply analyzed development value of Junwu Forest Park, highlighting its forest aesthetics, popular science education, health care, tourism culture and tourism economic value, so as to provide reference for its planning and development.

Construction of a Comprehensive Soundscape Evaluation System in Forest Parks Based on Grey Statistical Theory

Based on collection and arrangement of evaluation indicators of soundscape in a forest park,24 primary evaluation indicators are chosen by grey statistical theory.The results show that there are 5 main factors influencing soundscape in a forest park,including water soundscape,wind soundscape,animal soundscape,recreation soundscape,and artificial soundscape,which contain 13 evaluation indicators.Among these factors,natural sound elements account for 84.6%.Thus a comprehensive evaluation indicator system of soundscape(including natural and unnatural soundscape) in a forest park is constructed by the selected evaluation indicators,and it is expected to provide a reference for scientific and systematic construction and development of forest parks in future.

Study on Integration of Suburban Forest Park and Eco-city into “Mega-landscape”

On the basis of analyzing the development of suburban forest parks, the paper proposed the combination of eco-city construction and suburban forest parks, and the construction of "mega-landscape" mode, which offers a new concept for the development of suburban forest parks.

Touristic Ecological Footprint of Jiufeng National Forest Park in Beijing Based on Component Method

This paper,based on the ecological footprint component method,calculated the touristic ecological footprint of Jiufeng National Forest Park in Beijing.The results showed that in 2013,in Jiufeng National Forest Park,the total touristic ecological footprint was 183.08 hm2,the total ecological capacity was 225.16 hm2,the total touristic ecological surplus was 42.07 hm2,and the average touristic ecological surplus was 0.000 4 hm2 per capita,indicating that tourism in Jiufeng National Forest Park was in ecological surplus and ecological security.However,forest parks in Beijing at large were in ecological deficit.This paper suggested that the tourist flow volume of forest parks with a big ecological deficit should be moved to forest parks with an ecological surplus.Besides,forest parks are expected to strengthen the development and management,improve the availability of forest recreation resource,and promote the environmental protection awareness of tourists,so as to boost the sustainable development of forest park tourism.

Evaluation of Tourist Resources in Liuchong and Longtan Scenic Spots of Longtan National Forest Park

To further explore characteristics of tourist resources in Liuchong and Longtan Scenic spots in Longtan National Forest Park,Classification,Investigation and Evaluation of Tourist Resources(GB/T18972-2003) and Quality Grading of Scenic Resources in Forest Parks of China(GB/T18005-1999) were adopted to analyze composition and distribution features of tourist resources in Liuchong and Longtan Scenic Spots,qualitative evaluation of scenic resources in the 2 study scenic spots,quantitative evaluation of resource units and quality evaluation of tourist resources were respectively carried out.The results showed that the park has diversified tourist resources such as peaks,valleys,cliffs,brooks,waterfalls and forests,as well as rich animal and plant species and an excellent natural eco-environment;5 Grade-IV tourist landscapes,6 Grade-III tourist landscapes,14 Grade-II ones,4 Grade-I ones;quality of tourist resources was scored as 41.3,up to the scenic resource standards of Grade-I Forest Park.

Species-Related Difference to Noise Reduction Between Trees in Urban Forest: The Abidar Forest Park (Case Study)

Sound pollution is one of the most important urban problems which endangers mental and physical health of the residents.This study was aimed to assess the influence of different tree species,including Fraxinus rotundifolia,Robinia pseudoacacia,Platanus orientalis,Platycladus orientalis,and Pinus eldarica,in reducing noise pollution in the Abidar Forest Park.A further objective was to identify the contaminated areas of Sanandaj city and to propose suitable noise absorbent tree species in consistent conditions.For each tree stands the noise measurements were performed during intervals at frequencies of 250,500 and 1000 Hz,besides an open area with the same topography.With regards to the second purpose,a total of 50 stations with residential,commercial,residentialcommercial,and green space applications were selected across the city.Equivalent Continuous Sound Pressure Level(Leq)was determined in five replicates for 30 min.The measurements were performed under stable weather conditions and low wind velocity at 17:00(traffic peak)in summer and fall.All of the Leq values were above the threshold noise level.The highest noise reduction was recorded in summer(i.e.,green season);Platanus and Platycladus species demonstrated the highest and lowest noise absorption(31.43 dB and 22.28 dB,respectively).Furthermore,a meaningful difference was observed between Leq values of commercial,residential,commercial-residential,and green space urban applications,and the central parts of the city showed noticeable noise pollution.Taken together,due to being exposed to higher than the acceptable threshold noise level,the residents of Sanandaj will be endangered to health problems in the near future;thus consideration should be given to the noise pollution sources.

System Design for Urban Forest Park——Based on Elimination of Externality during Development and Tourism Process

The paper had introduced researches on urban forest park and analyzed its particularity.In terms of elimination of externality during development and tourism consumption process of urban forest park,real estate agent had been introduced and two assumptions had been proposed to eliminate externality.As for elimination of externality during development of urban forest park,right to use planning land for urban forest park and surrounding land for real estate development would be sold to estate agent who would develop urban forest park and commodity house;the management of forest urban park would be undertaken by tourism development companies for which estate agent would make compensation.As for elimination of externality during tourism consumption process,it would control with policies and laws,or establish ticket system.As the study hadn't been conducted on policies about urban land and real estate,the feasibility of the first assumption needed to be further studied by environmental economists.

Tourism Image Plan for Wunvfeng National Forest Park

After the introduction of tourist resources in Wunvfeng National Forest Park, the paper had planed its overall image from the perspectives of concept design, visual identity, behavioral norms and audio identity. The slogan of Wunvfeng National Forest Park had been identified as "tour of nature and mythology-Wunvfeng", and the park's emblem, symbolic mascots, spokesman of tourism image and tourist souvenirs had been set, so as to better display tourist advantages of Wunvfeng National Forest Park and create more economic and social benefits.

Study on the Sustainable Planning of Meiling Forest Park in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province

Taking Meiling Forest Park in Nanchang City for example, this paper on the basis of analyzing current development of forest park combined the characteristics of natural and humanistic resources in Meiling Forest Park, explored its planning concepts, and proposed the sustainable planning strategies for the park.

Ecotourism Development in the Context of Cultural and Tourism Integration:A Case Study of Wanli Mopan Mountain Forest Park

The integration of culture and tourism is a new form of tourism and a trend of tourism industry development.Mopan Mountain Forest Park in Wanli District of Nanchang City is taken as research object,and the excavation of its cultural elements is analyzed.It is thought that cultural elements can revitalize the culture and tourism industry,promote the integration of culture and tourism,encourage the mutual penetration of cultural innovation,design services and tourism products,improve the development and service level of cultural tourism products,and accelerate the development of characteristic cultural tourism.

Evaluation of Four Seasons Soundscape in Meiling National Forest Park

To analyze the changes of soundscape elements in different seasons and periods,and to accurately grasp the internal operation law of soundscape,a questionnaire survey was conducted on the visitors of Meiling National Forest Park in four seasons.The average value method and factor analysis method were used to get people’s evaluation of forest soundscape and its influence on human psychology.The evaluation vocabulary of the four seasons psychological scale was summed up into the same 3 common factors,but the variables of each common factor were different,and the characteristics of the first factor were obvious,which was of great significance to the psychological expectation of the soundscape of Meiling National Forest Park.The soundscape of four seasons in Meiling National Forest Park has a natural and comfortable effect on human psychology on the whole.The soundscape impact factors in Meiling National Forest Park are very different in the primary and the secondary,and the expectations of forest soundscape tourists also vary greatly.

Variation of Ecostoichiometric Ratios of Soil Microbes in Zhoushan Forest Park

Taking surrounding woodland soils of Cedrus deodara(Roxb.)G.Don,Prunus ceraifera cv.Pissardii,Ginkgo biloba L.and Ligustrum lucidum in Zhoushan Forest Park of Henan Province as the research objects,the physicochemical properties of sample plots were investigated,and the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and total soil nutrients were determined.The results showed that the carbon-nitrogen ratios and carbon–phosphorus ratios were 8.0-11.4 and 17.1-25.3,respectively;the percentages of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)were 2.84%-5.1%,2.69%-4.44%and 2.19%-5.62%,respectively.The carbon–nitrogen ratio and carbon-phosphorus ratio of P.ceraifera,G.biloba and L.lucidum forests were signifi cantly lower than that of C.deodara forest(P<0.05).The MBC/SOC,MBN/TN and MBP/TP ratios of G.biloba forest were the highest,which had signifi cant difference with those of other tree species(P<0.05).The contents of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus were extremely or signifi cantly correlated with SOC,TN,TP,tree species and human disturbance,but had no correlation with soil pH,slope,slope direction,etc.Tree species and human disturbance also significantly affected the physical and chemical properties closely related to soil microbial biomass.

A study on the protection of biodiversity resources in Micangshan Forest Park in northeast of Sichuan Province

The Micangshan Forest Park is located in the northeast edge of the Sichuan Basin. The wild animals and plants resources are rich and the ecosystem is integrity. There are well-preserved areas of native biological communities. Its strip and the region decided that on the one hand biological diversity is rich; on the other hand, there is its unique ecological fragility. Once it is destroyed, it would be very difficult to restore. In order to protect the ecological environment of wild animal and plant habitats and wild animal and plant resources, this paper uses quadrat survey procedure to carry on the investigation. In the Micangshan Forest Park's typical land sector the author establishes the sample area of 20 m×20 m to invest the tree layer of plant species and builds five 2 m×2 m the small quadrats along the type place's diagonal line machinery to invest bush level and the field layer floristic component. Again according to the Micangshan Forest Park's terrain, the vegetation and the difference humanity interference condition, the autor builds the different quantities separately the line transect to invest the animal type. This article through to eastern Sichuan Province north the Micangshan forest park biodiversity resources investigation, has analyzed the biodiversity protection work present situation and the existence question, and put forward the proposal to the next protection work.

Diversity and Selectivity of Flowervisiting Insects in Xipu Forest Park

[Objective]This study was conducted to understand the species and quantity of flowervisiting insects in Xipu Forest Park,supplement the data of local flowervisiting insects,and fill the research gap of flowervisiting insects in the Lesser Hinggan Mountain.[Method]The methods of route survey and sample plot survey were used to investigate the community of flowervisiting insects,and the method of net catching was used to collect flowervisiting insects and record relevant data.[Results]A total of 1526 flowervisiting insects belonging to 79 species,27 families and 9 orders were found.Among them,Lepidoptera was the most,accounting for 40.51%,while Odonata,Mantodea,Hemiptera and Thysanoptera are the least.The results showed that the insect diversity index and insect dominance index were higher in the flower cultivation area,the insect evenness index was highest in the lawn area,and the flowervisiting insects in arbor area and flower shrub area were more similar.Rosaceae had the most flowervisiting insects,followed by Compositae,Cruciferae and Leguminosae.[Significance]The study provides scientific basis and data support for the rational development and utilization,biodiversity protection and sustainable development of forest parks.

Quality Evaluation on Forest Resources in National Forest Park of Qingliang Mountain in China

Based on the deep survey, the paper had concluded basic conditions of National Forest Park of Qingliang Mountain including geological location, physiographic condition, climate and hydrologic condition. It had introduced forest resources from the aspects of biological landscape, physiographic landscape, hydrologic landscape and cultural landscape. At the same time, it had made a comprehensive evaluation on external transportation, tourism period, and tourist location condition of the Forest Park. On this basis, it has evaluated forest resources' quality, regional environment's quality and development condition in National Forest Park of Qingliang Mountain, beneficial to the identification of protection standards, utilization forms, development scale and service function of forest resources, providing effective guidance for development and construction of forest park.

Planning and Design of Zhengzhou Forest Park Based on Natural Ecological Experience

Through summarizing and analyzing planning objectives, landscape division and natural ecological experience planning of Zhengzhou Forest Park, the authors discussed the application of human-nature harmony in the planning, stressed citizens' needs for experiencing natural ecological environment, and tried to build Zhengzhou Forest Park with picturesque scenery, complete facilities, and harmonious human-nature coexistence.