The Research on Evaluation and Development Value of Landscape Resources in Junwu Forest Park of Liuzhou City in China

The paper had pointed out that landscape resources were the roots that forest park attracted tourists, and objective and correct evaluation on landscape resources was the foundation to identify development tendency of forest park. Based on the field study, it had firstly conducted qualitative evaluation on landscape resources in Junwu Forest Park of Liuzhou City, concluded that forest landscape had distinctive feature and high quality, sceneries in forest were splendid and colorful, landscape combination was good and forest ecological environment was excellent in quality. Furthermore, in accordance with China Forest Park Landscape Resources Quality Grade Evaluation (GB/T18005-1999), quantitative evaluation had been conducted on landscape resources of Junwu Forest Park in Liuzhou City. On this basis, it had deeply analyzed development value of Junwu Forest Park, highlighting its forest aesthetics, popular science education, health care, tourism culture and tourism economic value, so as to provide reference for its planning and development.

Evaluation of Tourist Resources in Liuchong and Longtan Scenic Spots of Longtan National Forest Park

To further explore characteristics of tourist resources in Liuchong and Longtan Scenic spots in Longtan National Forest Park,Classification,Investigation and Evaluation of Tourist Resources(GB/T18972-2003) and Quality Grading of Scenic Resources in Forest Parks of China(GB/T18005-1999) were adopted to analyze composition and distribution features of tourist resources in Liuchong and Longtan Scenic Spots,qualitative evaluation of scenic resources in the 2 study scenic spots,quantitative evaluation of resource units and quality evaluation of tourist resources were respectively carried out.The results showed that the park has diversified tourist resources such as peaks,valleys,cliffs,brooks,waterfalls and forests,as well as rich animal and plant species and an excellent natural eco-environment;5 Grade-IV tourist landscapes,6 Grade-III tourist landscapes,14 Grade-II ones,4 Grade-I ones;quality of tourist resources was scored as 41.3,up to the scenic resource standards of Grade-I Forest Park.

Protection and Utilization of Cultural Landscape in a Forest Park in Ethnic Minority Region ——With a Case of Zhangjiajie

Presently, more and more attention is paid to cultural landscapes by peo-ple at travel ing, especial y for folk culture in ethnic minority regions where rich hu-man landscapes could be ful y made use of to improve landscape quality. In the research, cultural landscapes in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park were surveyed and evaluated to analyze characters of cultural utilization, as wel as problems existing in the Park. In addition, highlights were given to protection on cultural landscapes in a forest park construction, presentation of ethnic minority culture, and ful development of tourism products.

Quality Evaluation on Forest Resources in National Forest Park of Qingliang Mountain in China

Based on the deep survey, the paper had concluded basic conditions of National Forest Park of Qingliang Mountain including geological location, physiographic condition, climate and hydrologic condition. It had introduced forest resources from the aspects of biological landscape, physiographic landscape, hydrologic landscape and cultural landscape. At the same time, it had made a comprehensive evaluation on external transportation, tourism period, and tourist location condition of the Forest Park. On this basis, it has evaluated forest resources' quality, regional environment's quality and development condition in National Forest Park of Qingliang Mountain, beneficial to the identification of protection standards, utilization forms, development scale and service function of forest resources, providing effective guidance for development and construction of forest park.

Empirical Analysis of Forest Landscape Value Assessment:A Case Study of Huangshui Forest Park in Xining,Qinghai Province

Questionnaire survey and CVM were adopted to evaluate economic value of Huangshui Forest Park in Xining,Qinghai.Value of its forest landscapes was assessed,multiple linear regression was established to analyze correlation between factors related to willingness-to-pay(WTP).

The Exploitation of the Tourism Resource of Dabeishan National Forest Park in Guangdong Province

On the basis of analyzing the present utilization of the tourism resources in Dabeishan National Forest Park,the author proposed the principle of developmental utilization of tourism resources after revealing the problems in the exploitation of tourism resources,including the neglect of ecotourism idea,the ineffective utilization of the resources and the mal-connection of the tourism industry chain.

Monitoring Forest Cover Change and Fragmentation Using Remote Sensing and Landscape Metrics in Nyungwe-Kibira Park

The objective of this study was to evaluate forest cover change and forest degradation in Nyungwe-Kibira Park, a natural reserve straddling Rwanda and Burundi from 1986 to 2015. Landsat TM, ETM+ and 8OLI images of 30 m spatial resolution were used as primary datasets. Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were used for forest cover mapping and landscape metrics were calculated by using FRAGSTATS software. Classification and change analysis of forest cover type and landscape patterns analysis were carried out. In addition, to analyze the correlated external disturbances, the buffer zone of 5 Km was delineated outside the boundary of Nyungwe-Kibira Park. The results revealed that in among 5 land cover classes considered within the Park, the dominant one was dense forest class covering over 70% of the entire Park area while in the buffer zone cultivated and open land dominated at over 90% between the years 1986 and 2015. Change detection highlighted that within Nyungwe-Kibira forest, approximately 0.27% (4.97 Km2) of forest cover was cleared while 0.07% (1.22 Km2) was regenerated annually. In the buffer zone, the annual cleared forest cover was about 0.76% (13.02 Km2). The five landscape indices chosen at class level indicated a considerable fragmentation of forest inside the Park and the highest fragmentation in the buffer zone. Indeed, these results shed a bleak image over the future of the Nyungwe-Kibira forest that should be helpful for the policy-makers and managers of these natural parks to establish adequate policies to mitigate the forest loss and degradation by implementing quick and effective solutions.

Landscape Planning and Design of Urban Forest Park Trails: A Case Study of Yaohu Country Forest Park in Nanchang City

Urban forest parks are open parks based on natural countryside, which can be used for outdoor sports, leisure and recreation, popular science education and other activities. The trail is a pedestrian road connecting various landscape points in the park. It not only has directional and traffic functions, but also is the most effective means for the organization of the whole park. Taking Yaohu Country Forest Park in Nanchang City as an example, this study analyzed and discussed the design of trails and landscapes.

Analysis of Landscape Patterns and the Trend of Forest Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

In this paper, first, based on landscape ecology theories, we respectively selected indexes from 4 aspects, area, edge, shape, and density, of the landscape type to describe the status of forest landscape patterns, and we established the stability index of landscape pattern (LSBI). Then, based on geo-statistical theories, we divided the forest in the reservoir area into 3990 grids of 4 km × 4 km using network technology and employing ordinary Kriging modelling to make trend surface analyses of the forest resources in the reservoir area. Finally, based on statistics principles, we used sampling theory to systematically extract 227 samples to obtain 7 periods of remote-sensing data from 1990a to 2012a. Then, we classified and extracted the forest in the sampling area using remote sensing, and we analysed each result with an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA) time-series model. The results indicated the following: 1) the landscape structure of the reservoir area was primarily needle-leaved forest, broad-leaved forest and bush forest, and the mixed stands and bamboo stands were secondary;2) the difference of the forest landscape pattern stability in the reservoir area, in all directions, was not significant, but the southern region was slightly more stable;and 3) the stability of the forest landscape pattern in the reservoir area increased from 1990a to 2012a. It kept increasing until 2016a. This study provides a theoretical basis for the reasonable management and decisions about the forest resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Meanwhile, it also explores methods for relevant research and has practical significance.

Planning and Design of Zhengzhou Forest Park Based on Natural Ecological Experience

Through summarizing and analyzing planning objectives, landscape division and natural ecological experience planning of Zhengzhou Forest Park, the authors discussed the application of human-nature harmony in the planning, stressed citizens' needs for experiencing natural ecological environment, and tried to build Zhengzhou Forest Park with picturesque scenery, complete facilities, and harmonious human-nature coexistence.

Study on Redevelopment of Kunming West Mountain Forest Park in the View of Experience Economy

At the background of the experience economy becoming major economic form in place of the service economy,forest experience develops vigorously and becomes a new approach for people alleviating pressure,acquiring knowledge,and relaxation. On the basis of analyzing concept and characteristics of the forest experience,this paper analyzed current situation of forest experience by taking Kunming West Mountain Forest Park as an example. It found there are existing problems in subject image,development methods and degree,professional personnel and concept. In view of these problems,it came up with recommendations including determining subject image,designing special products,accelerating cultivation of professional personnel,and strengthening training of forest experience concept. It is expected to provide reference for multi-functional use theory of China and provide ideas for developing forest experience projects.

Plant Diversity of Maoershan National Forest Park

There are a wide variety of wild plants in Maoershan National Forest Park.According to a fiveyear survey,the plants are found to include 557 species belonging to 116 families and 335 genera.There are 10 dominant families,such as Asteraceae,Ranunculaceae,Rosaceae,Fabaceae,and Chenopodiaceae,including 251 species,accounting for 46.06% of the total.There are 9 dominant genera,such as Polygonum,Potentilla ,Viola ,Artemisia ,and Corydalis ,which include 82 species of plants,accounting for 14.72% of the total.This study statistically analyzed the diversity and function of plants in the park and classified useful plants to provide a basis for the conservation and development of plant resources in Maoershan National Forest Park.

Raccoon Use of Den Trees and Plant Associations in Western Mesophytic Forests: Tree Attributes and Availability or Landscape Heterogeneity?

We monitored 15 radio-collared raccoons (Procyon lotor) on Davies Island in March 1987 - May 1988 to determine the extent to which individual tree attributes or spatial configuration of plant associations (habitat types) across the landscape influenced den use. Of 1091 verified den sites, 428 were in tree cavities. Raccoon occurrence among 4 cover types differed from that expected based on the total area of each across the island and varied across all seasons for all habitat types except Cedar Wood. Preference varied among age and sex groups and across seasons with some groups showing opposite selection for the same cover type in different seasons. Species and diameter-class distributions of selected den trees differed from a random sample of trees across the landscape. Species composition of trees with cavities also differed from the species composition across the study area. American beech (Fagus grandifolia—relative abundance 8.7%) was over-represented in the sample of trees with cavities (29.4%) and trees selected as dens (65%);diameter at breast height (dbh) of beech den trees averaged 80.0 cm, whereas all beech trees averaged 71.2 cm. For all species combined, mean dbh of den trees was 78.4 cm as compared to trees with cavities (67.6 cm), or all trees (50.4 cm). The relative availability of large, cavity-prone tree species was related to previous logging practices.

Remote Sensing and Landscape Metrics-Based Forest Physical Degradation: Two-Decades Assessment in Gishwati-Mukura Biological Corridor in Rwanda, East-Central Africa

The management of forest corridors and related ecology is one of the effective strategies to minimize the adverse effects of forest degradation. It controls the connectivity of inhabitant species and the connection of the isolated patches. This study analyzed spatial and temporal forest physical degradation based on forest cover change and forest fragmentation in the Gishwati-Mukura biological corridor from 1990-2019. Remotely sensed datasets, Geographical Information System (GIS) and FRAGSTATS software were used to analyze the spatial and temporal physical degradation and changes in forest cover. The results indicated that the Gishwati-Mukura corridor experienced massive deforestation where approximately 7617.1 ha (64.22%) of forest cover was completely cleared out, which implies an annual forest loss of 262.6 ha·year-1 (2.21%) during 1990-2019. The forest cover transitions patterns and geostatistical analysis indicated that extensive deforestation was associated with intensive agriculture. The results demonstrated that agriculture has dramatically increased from 29.46% in 1990 to 57.22% in 2019, with an annual increase of 1.97%. Since Gishwati-Mukura has changed to National Park (NP), it lacks diversified scientific studies addressing the analysis of the remote and spatial patterns to investigate its physical degradation and landscape dynamics. This research study will serve as remote forest analysis gap-filling and as the cornerstone of numerous other research that will contribute to the improvement of the connectivity assessments along the Gishwati-Mukura corridor and other related ecosystems.

中英风景名胜区/国家公园自然旅游规划管治模式比较——以中国九寨沟国家级风景名胜区和英国New Forest(NF)国家公园为例

介绍了中英两国国家公园规划管治体系的基本组织机构、要求和层次。分别对2个案例地——中国九寨沟国家级风景名胜区和英国New Forest国家公园的旅游规划管治背景、现状及内容体系进行了比较分析,总结了中英两国国家公园自然旅游规划管治模式的差异、特征,并进行了原因解析。最后基于比较分析的研究结论提出了英国国家公园管理对我国风景区旅游规划管理的若干启发和措施建议。

南京紫金山国家森林公园景观美景度评价及影响因素分析

【目的】南京紫金山国家森林公园是南京重要的城市森林绿地,评价其景观美景度,可为国家森林公园景观审美价值、社会价值的实现提供理论支持。【方法】基于因子构建法及参数体系构建法,以南京紫金山国家森林公园为研究对象,采用自动线性模型与逐步回归分析方法深入评估南京紫金山国家森林公园景观美景度,并着重分析影响南京紫金山国家森林公园景观美景度的主要因素及群体差异。【结果】1)设定的10个评估分析因子均与南京紫金山国家森林公园景观美景度间具有显著相关性,且文章采用的要素分解法对解释美景度评价具有良好解释性。2)主要景观要素对于南京紫金山国家森林公园景观美景度的影响程度由高到低排列分别为:设施协调程度、空间尺度明晰度、场景均衡程度、画面联想程度、景观主从关系与形式统一程度。3)评价结果存在一定群体差异性,相较于男性、城市居住群体和研究生及以上群体,女性、乡镇居住群体与本科及以下群体对国家森林公园景观美景度评价更高且离散性更低,即个体差异性显著。【结论】综合运用分层样本选择法、美景度评价法对南京紫金山国家森林公园景观美景度进行评价,发现设施协调程度、空间尺度明晰度、场景均衡程度、画面联想程度、景观主从关系与形式统一程度是影响南京紫金山国家森林公园景观美景度的主要因素,有关部门应加强景观管理、丰富自然景观要素、设置科普景观等方面着手,助力森林公园美景度提升。

基于多源遥感数据时序分析的国家级森林公园生态系统健康评价

国家级森林公园具有丰富的自然资源与重要的生态功能,是生态安全屏障和生态文化遗产的重要载体。定量评价国家级森林公园生态系统健康,有助于促进生态文明建设和可持续发展。以湖南雪峰山国家森林公园为例,利用长时间序列的遥感影像数据,系统分析研究区的生态用地景观格局变化规律,并对其生态系统健康进行评价。结果表明:(1)2011—2022年,研究区的土地利用变化以耕地和建设用地增加,林地、草地和水域减少为主。(2)生态系统结构整体呈增长趋势,表明生态系统的整体结构相对稳定,在空间分布上存在一定的异质性,低值地区的生态系统结构较为单一。(3)生态系统功能整体呈现微弱减少的趋势,而50.91%的地区表现增长趋势,表明研究区的生态系统功能在大多数地区仍有所提高。(4)研究区的生态系统健康整体呈增长趋势,在空间上呈现明显的空间异质性,高值地区主要分布在雪峰山中段的苏宝顶北部和东部区域,而低值地区主要集中在雪峰山主中段的高海拔地区。研究结果能为该区域制定科学合理的生态保护政策提供良好的数据支撑和决策依据。

西大圈森林公园野生大型真菌多样性调查

为了掌握勃利县西大圈森林公园的野生大型真菌的资源现状,作者对西大圈森林公园5种生境的野生大型真菌进行了采样调查,对采集到的大型真菌进行了分类学鉴定,对野生大型真菌的物种多样性和相似度进行了统计分析。经调查公园有真菌46种,其中优势种8种。西大圈森林公园的多样性指数最高的是针阔混交林生境,均匀度指数和优势度指数最高的是灌丛生境。西大圈森林公园相似度指数最高的是针阔混交林生境和灌丛生境的相似度。本研究将为掌握和分析东北地区森林公园的野生大型真菌资源有较好的借鉴意义,同时也为本地大型真菌资源开发与利用提供技术支持。

多目标规划方法在森林公园功能区划中的应用

【目的】基于景观资源评价和多目标规划开展森林公园功能区划优化研究,为森林公园景观功能区划提供技术支撑。【方法】以浙江省杭州市富阳区大安顶森林公园为研究区,开展各景观单元生态恢复力、视觉敏感度和景观美景度评价,结果通过线性变换转换为重点保护、维持现状、局部调节和建设改造等4项管理对策适宜度,最终运用多目标规划法(VMP)寻找各景观单元最优管理对策。【结果】①建立了以生态恢复力、视觉敏感度和景观美景度为核心的森林公园生态景观质量评价指标体系,应用结果显示,大安顶森林公园生态恢复力、视觉敏感度总体水平较高区域差异较大,景观美景度较高但区域差异较小;②提出了属性指标-管理对策适宜度的线性变换模型,实现多指标评价结果向公园功能区划的适宜度转换;③应用多目标规划方法,就研究区20个景观单元的管理寻找到最优方案,寻优结果与景观实际情况高度耦合;④5个多目标规划方法中,理想点法、目标规划法、模糊规划法可划为一组,功效函数法和最大最小法为另一组,2组内部规划结果基本一致,组间稍有差异,其中以模糊规划方法平衡性最好。【结论】森林公园生态景观质量评价研究所获的结果数据通过属性指标-管理对策适宜度模型转换后,应用多目标规划在全局和景观单元水平寻找到管理对策最优解,结果与实际情况高度耦合;5个常见多目标规划方法中,理想点法、目标规划法、模糊规划法表现良好,模糊规划法最优,推荐应用。

基于空间分析的森林公园对游憩者健康的影响研究

以福州国家森林公园为例,结合AHP法、问卷调查法与GIS空间分析法量化评价景观元素、空间特征与健康效益评估状况,利用相关性分析与Johnson-Neyman技术解析三者之间的影响,并对空间特征的调节效应与调节阈值进行评估,揭示其作用逻辑和影响边界。结果表明:1)森林公园景观元素对健康效益评估具有显著影响,植被(0.1213)、自然互动体验(0.0962)、动物(0.0914)是重要指标;2)绿视率、植被覆盖度、归一化植被指数、空间可达性、空间围合度与健康效益评估存在显著相关性,但不同要素之间的影响关系具有差异性;3)森林公园景观元素对健康效益评估产生影响的过程中,空间特征对于局部路径存在显著调节作用,绿视率、植被覆盖度、归一化植被指数和空间围合度的正向调节效应阈值分别为34.489、0.2316、0.1911、0.664。结合森林公园评价和空间特征分析,通过相关性分析与调节效应检验,解析了森林公园景观元素、空间特征与健康效益评估的影响,为健康导向的森林公园景观规划设计提供参考借鉴与实践价值。