Development of mobile GIS system for forest resources second-class inventory

A special mobile GIS（Geographic Information System） system used for forest resources second-class inventory was developed on the basis of traditional forest resources inventory,remote sensing,GPS（Globe Positioning System） and embedded technology.Portable instrument,embedded development and the integration technology of RS（Remote Sensing）,GIS and GPS are all used in this special mobile GIS system.Further,the system composition,key techniques,and current situation of the practical application in China were analyzed in the study.The results are important for applying modern high-tech for the planning and design of digital forest resources to improve the precision and efficiency of inventory and reduce the labor cost and financial investment.

Dominant woody plant species recognition with a hierarchical model based on multimodal geospatial data for subtropical forests

Since the launch of the Google Earth Engine(GEE)cloud platform in 2010,it has been widely used,leading to a wealth of valuable information.However,the potential of GEE for forest resource management has not been fully exploited.To extract dominant woody plant species,GEE combined Sen-tinel-1(S1)and Sentinel-2(S2)data with the addition of the National Forest Resources Inventory(NFRI)and topographic data,resulting in a 10 m resolution multimodal geospatial dataset for subtropical forests in southeast China.Spectral and texture features,red-edge bands,and vegetation indices of S1 and S2 data were computed.A hierarchical model obtained information on forest distribution and area and the dominant woody plant species.The results suggest that combining data sources from the S1 winter and S2 yearly ranges enhances accuracy in forest distribution and area extraction compared to using either data source independently.Similarly,for dominant woody species recognition,using S1 winter and S2 data across all four seasons was accurate.Including terrain factors and removing spatial correlation from NFRI sample points further improved the recognition accuracy.The optimal forest extraction achieved an overall accuracy(OA)of 97.4%and a maplevel image classification efficacy(MICE)of 96.7%.OA and MICE were 83.6%and 80.7%for dominant species extraction,respectively.The high accuracy and efficacy values indicate that the hierarchical recognition model based on multimodal remote sensing data performed extremely well for extracting information about dominant woody plant species.Visualizing the results using the GEE application allows for an intuitive display of forest and species distribution,offering significant convenience for forest resource monitoring.

Review and Progress of China’s Forest Continuous Inventory System

China was one of the earliest countries to set up a system to continuously inventory natural forest resources. From the beginning of the 1970s until today, seven forest resource inventories have been carried out. This research summarizes the progress of forest continuous inventories and analyzes the existing deficiencies ofChina’s forest continuous inventory system and forest management plan inventory. As stated above, this research offers corresponding countermeasures and suggestions: establishing a sample plot system for comprehensive national forest inventory and monitoring with each province’s continuous forest inventory based on the foundation of the national sample plot system, able to develop the province as a subset of the overall province-level forest resource inventory according to the actual conditions in each province. Through annual multi-resource/multi-benefit surveying of the forests, the monitoring of forest amounts, quality, functions and benefits will be assisted in its entirety. The further integration of the forest continuous inventory and the forest management plan inventory is also discussed. This research also proposes the varied probability sampling method with sub-compartments as the basic sampling unit (or combinations of sub-compartments). This will also satisfy the requirements of ecological inventory by region.

Studies on Land Resource Inventory for Agricultural Land Use Planning in Northern Transition Zone of India through Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Land suitability analysis is a prerequisite to achieving optimum utilization of available land resources. Hence, a study on land resource inventory for agricultural land use planning was conducted in the Northern Transition Zone of India to determine land capability and develop a suitability map for wheat and sorghum-based on physical and climatic factors of production using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Detailed soil survey information was used for this exercise. Four series (Singhanhalli, Mugli, Bogur and Venkatapur series) were identified and mapped into seventeen mapping units. Land capability classification showed that a greater portion of the study area belonged to class III followed by class IV with limitations of erosion, wetness and varying soil properties. Four land capability classes viz., II, III, IV, and VI, and seven subclasses viz., IIsf, IIItsf, IVs, IVt, IVts, IVtsf and VIt were identified. Major limitations of these subclasses were slope, erosion, depth, texture, coarse fragments, pH, organic carbon and base saturation. Soil suitability assessment revealed that the soils are moderately suitable to permanently not suitable. About 234 ha (31.6%) is moderately suitable, 494 ha (65.0%) marginally suitable and 10.2 ha (1.3%) permanently not suitable for wheat;while 78.5 ha (10.3%) is moderately suitable, 633.4 ha (82.3%) marginally suitable and 32.6 ha (4.3%) permanently not suitable for sorghum respectively. The moderate, marginal and permanent non-suitability was due to moderate, severe and very severe limitations respectively. However, it is possible to achieve potential yield of the crops in the study area if these limitations are addressed.

The Research of Carbon Emission and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Forest Vegetation in China

The study of China s carbon emissions and carbon sequestration potential is of great practical significance to the formulation of carbon neutrality strategies and methods of China.Carbon emission is an inevitable outcome of the initial stage of economic development,especially the right of developing countries existence and development.The carbon emission of China has been maintained at a low level for a long time and reached the top of the world in 2005.However,per capita carbon emission was still only 46.28%of the United States in 2016.China s total CO_(2) emissions are expected to reach 17-19 Gt/a by 2030.To achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in 2060,the main problems are the low technical capacity of emission reduction and the unreasonable structure of energy consumption.Therefore,replacing coal with gas is one of the most effective ways of emission reduction.By 2060,the carbon sequestration capacity of forest vegetation will reach or exceed 759.14 Mt/a and the CO_(2) sequestration capacity will reach 2783.5 Mt/a.According to that,China s carbon intensity must reduce by 95.39%on the basis of the carbon intensity in 2017,reaching 640 t/100 million yuan.The carbon sequestration capacity of terrestrial vegetation(forest,grassland)will reach or exceed 1380.3 Mt/a and the CO_(2) sequestration capacity will reach 5069.3 Mt/a.According to that,China s carbon intensity must reduce by 91.07%on the basis of the carbon intensity in 2017,reach 1152 t C per 100 million yuan.

Dynamics of forest biomass carbon stocks from 1949 to 2008 in Henan Province,east-central China

We estimated forest biomass carbon storage and carbon density from 1949 to 2008 based on nine consecutive forest inventories in Henan Province,China.According to the definitions of the forest inventory,Henan forests were categorized into five groups: forest stands,economic forests,bamboo forests,open forests,and shrub forests.We estimated biomass carbon in forest stands for each inventory period by using the continuous biomass expansion factor method.We used the mean biomass density method to estimate carbon stocks in economic,bamboo,open and shrub forests.Over the 60-year period,total forest vegetation carbon storage increased from34.6 Tg(1 Tg = 1×10;g) in 1949 to 80.4 Tg in 2008,a net vegetation carbon increase of 45.8 Tg.By stand type,increases were 39.8 Tg in forest stands,5.5 Tg in economic forests,0.6 Tg in bamboo forests,and-0.1 Tg in open forests combine shrub forests.Carbon storageincreased at an average annual rate of 0.8 Tg carbon over the study period.Carbon was mainly stored in young and middle-aged forests,which together accounted for 70–88%of the total forest carbon storage in different inventory periods.Broad-leaved forest was the main contributor to forest carbon sequestration.From 1998 to 2008,during implementation of national afforestation and reforestation programs,the carbon storage of planted forest increased sharply from 3.9 to 37.9 Tg.Our results show that with the growth of young planted forest,Henan Province forests realized large gains in carbon sequestration over a 60-year period that was characterized in part by a nation-wide tree planting program.

基于森林资源清查资料的盈江县森林生物量和生长量分析

为确定盈江县森林碳储量和碳汇潜力的变化特征及其影响因子,以便更好地分析盈江县森林生物量和生长量。基于盈江县2012年和2017年森林资源清查数据,利用生物量换算因子连续函数法和异速生长方程,评估盈江县森林碳储量和碳汇潜力的变化特征及其影响因子。结果显示:(1)盈江县森林生物量储量丰富,达85.55 t/hm^(2)。其中:栎类林最大,为168.3 t/hm^(2);核桃林最低,为7.10 t/hm^(2)。(2)不同林龄林分生物量差异较大,近熟林最高,其次分别为中龄林、成熟林、过熟林、幼龄林。(3)常绿阔叶林的林分生长量最大,其次是落叶阔叶林和针叶林。结果表明:盈江县森林生物量储量丰富且以阔叶林为主;林龄和年均气温是影响林分生长和生物量的主要因素。

基于精细分区的省级森林资源资产清查价格体系优化研究——以浙江省为例

在全民所有自然资源资产清查背景下,探究森林资源资产清查价格体系的优化路径具有现实意义。本文以浙江省为例,以国家级均质区划分为基础,采用分类别、分树种定价的思路测算林地林木调整系数和价格,形成一套“精细分区—树种筛选—系数调整—省级均值区价格确定”的全民所有森林资源资产清查省级价格体系。研究结果表明:浙江省划定19个省级林地和林木(乔木林为例)均质区,分区数目合理,各区域间的森林资源特征空间异质性显著,测算所得的森林资源资产价格成果与实际情况相符。本文以精细化分区方法为核心的全民所有森林资源资产清查价格体系优化框架可以助力自然资源资产清查价值量核算工作。

基于改进遗传算法对LIRP问题集成优化研究

在物流系统优化中,物流节点的选址、库存控制及运输路径优化是进行物流系统规划最重要的模块,三个方面相互关联相互制约,在企业物流系统运作中缺一不可,也是当今企业降低成本提高利润的大势所趋.就选址、库存、车辆路径三个要素进行探讨,构建在需求不确定情形下的LIRP集成优化模型,解决分销中心的选址、库存、分销中心到需求门店的路径优化、需求门店的库存优化问题,充分将物流配送选址、库存控制、车辆路径三个方面进行有效集成,采用改进的遗传算法对模型的求解,并以连锁食品R公司为算例,编写程序代码,借助Matlab计算工具求解,最后将求解的结果进行优化对比分析,节约了R公司总里程3964 km,车辆减少36辆,总物流成本减少2.85万元,并验证了算法的有效性.

基于资源清查数据的某森林生态系统健康评估

森林健康是可持续森林管理的一个重要方面。掌握森林健康水平和不健康森林的成因,可以极大促进森林生态系统的可持续发展,因此森林生态系统健康评估的现实意义日益凸显。该文利用地理信息系统(GIS)的空间分析技术和当地森林资源清查数据,对某森林生态系统的健康状况进行评估。建立了反映研究区森林健康状况的综合指标体系。在此指标体系的基础上,对研究区内森林各分区的健康水平进行了评估。研究结果显示,优质级森林(80.4 hm^(2))和健康级森林(2671 hm^(2))仅占某森林总面积的23.5%。同时约60.5%的某森林处于亚健康状态。由于某森林超过2/3的森林处于亚健康或不健康状态,因此某森林研究区域迫切需要采取有效措施改善森林健康状况。

存量规划背景下晋江市陈埭镇低效用地提升策略

“十四五”期间,国土空间规划的改革对国土资源用途进行了严格管制,城镇建设也全面进入存量规划时期,盘活城镇低效用地的研究逐渐兴起。在此背景下,该文选取晋江市陈埭镇为例,剖析其存量用地现状及存在问题,发掘低效用地再开发难点,并从从调整空间结构、创建产业园区、提高空间品质、重塑文化记忆、健全管理机制等五个方面提出陈埭镇低效用地的提升策略,以期为类似城镇更新提供一些参考。

Soft Computing Based Procurement Planning of Time-variable Demand in Manufacturing Systems

Procurement planning with discrete time varying demand is an important problem in Enterprise Resource Planning （ERP）. It can be described using the non-analytic mathematical programming model proposed in this paper. To solve the model we propose to use a fuzzy decision embedded genetic algorithm. The algorithm adopts an order strategy selection to simplify the original real optimization problem into binary ones. Then, a fuzzy decision quantification method is used to quantify experience from planning experts. Thus, decision rules can easily be embedded in the computation of genetic operations. This approach is applied to purchase planning problem in a practical machine tool works, where satisfactory results have been achieved.

一种利用数据融合的森林资源“一张底图”建设方法

建设“一张底图”是开展自然资源调查监测工作的前提。本文基于国土三调和森林资源二类调查数据,研究了“一张底图”建设的流程:对两套数据进行联合相交后,得到了兼顾两者图形与属性的融合数据;针对面积不足100 m^(2)和介于100~400 m^(2)的碎小图斑,分别采取了不同的融合方法;最后人工核查与处理细长图斑及剩余碎小图斑。试验表明,本文的融合方法能够消除碎小图斑,形成以国土调查数据为基础、兼顾森林资源专项属性的底图数据,为后续自然资源调查监测工作的开展打下基础。

基于CiteSpace的《林业调查规划》期刊2018—2022年刊载文献的可视化研究

以中国知网(CNKI)收录的《林业调查规划》期刊2018—2022年刊发的1165篇文献为研究数据,运用CiteSpace 6.1.R6可视化分析软件对《林业调查规划》期刊近5年刊载文献的作者、发文机构、高频关键词、基金论文占比等进行分析研究。结果表明,《林业调查规划》期刊已形成了由郑进烜、郭晋平、华朝朗等一大批专家学者组成的核心作者群体,形成了由云南省林业调查规划院、西南大学、河南农业大学、山西农业大学、广东林业调查规划院等数十家林业科研院所、高等院校组成的高质量稿件来源基地。期刊发文关键词以植物配置、景观设计、生态旅游等出现的频率最高,在5年刊载的文献中有502篇文献得到各类基金项目的支持,基金论文比超过43%,且呈不断增长趋势。《林业调查规划》期刊已成为展示我国林业调查规划研究成果的重要平台,积极引导研究者加强交流合作,不断拓宽稿源,适时开展国际合作,将有助于期刊影响力的提升。

基于森林资源二类调查数据的大冶市森林植被碳储量和碳密度测算

森林通过吸收大气中的二氧化碳固定到碳库中,在“双碳”目标中起着碳中和的重要作用。本研究基于大冶市2019年林业资源二类调查小班数据,采用材积源生物量法对大冶市森林资源的植被碳储量和碳密度进行测算,结果表明:大冶市现有森林植被碳储量114.36×10^(4)t,平均植被碳密度为23.66 t·hm^(-2);碳储量较高的区域主要集中分布在大冶南部山区,灌木林碳储量占比最高,其次为马尾松林;马尾松林的平均植被碳密度最高,达到35.64 t·hm^(-2)。该测算结果可为大冶市实现“双碳”目标以及森林资源的科学管理提供数据基础和决策依据。

几种林场总体森林蓄积量密度均值估计方法的比较评价

【目的】以林场或县森林资源总体为调查对象,及时、准确地调查监测总体平均每公顷蓄积量,对上级(如市、省)部门开展森林资源宏观管理、生态保护价值评价、森林碳储量计量、领导干部任期绩效考核等工作都有重要支撑作用。将卫星、无人机等多源遥感数据作为辅助数据,采用较少抽样调查样地数据,实现总体参数有效估测的新方法,已成为国内外重要的研究方向,但目前,国内尚无多种现有估计方法的比较评价研究。为了促进新一代遥感技术在森林资源调查业务中的应用,提高我国森林资源天空地一体化调查监测技术水平,亟需对现有林场或县总体参数估测方法进行比较评价研究。【方法】以内蒙古旺业甸实验林场主要人工林树种为总体,基于2019年在林场获取的无人机激光雷达(LiDAR)抽样数据、Sentinel-2A多光谱数据(全覆盖)和少量样地数据,针对样地(p)、样地-卫星(ps)、样地-抽样无人机LiDAR(pl)以及样地-抽样无人机LiDAR-卫星(pls)4种模式,利用适合这4种模式的概率抽样法(DB)、模型辅助法(MA)、模型法(MD)和混合法(HY)4类共5种估测方法(DBp、MDps、MAps、HYpl以及MDpls)对总体森林蓄积量密度均值(MSVD)进行估计与对比分析。【结果】(1)DBp、MDps、MAps、HYpl、MDpls5种方法估测的MSVD分别为212.54、202.09、202.38、210.07以及208.96 m3/hm2,精度分别为90.44%、91.54%、91.69%、96.35%和96.45%,方差依次减小。(2)其他4种方法相对于MDpls方法的估计效率(RE)均大于1(REDBp,MDpls=5.39,REMDps,MDpls=3.82,REMAps,MDpls=3.69,REHYpl,MDpls=1.07);HYpl相对于MDpls的RE略大于1,但几倍于其他3种方法(REDBp,HYpl=5.02,REMAps,HYpl=3.43,REMDps,HYpl=3.56)。(3)包含LiDAR数据的HYpl与MDpls方法相对于包含Sentinel-2A数据的MDps与MAps方法均为正效率(REMAps,HYpl=3.43,REMDps,HYpl=3.56,REMDps,MDpls=3.82,REMAps,MDpls=3.69);MDps与MAps方法之间的RE接近1,但MAps的效率微高于MDps(REMDps,MAps=1.04)。【结论】和只利用样地数据的估计方法相比,将遥感数据作为辅助变量建立估测模型,无论是采用对蓄积量不够敏感的林场全覆盖Sentinel-2A多光谱遥感数据,还是采用对蓄积量很敏感的抽样式获取的LiDAR数据,都可有效提高林场总体MSVD的估测精度。涉及遥感数据应用的4种方法,估计精度最高的为MDpls,其次为HYpl,这2种方法都包含了LiDAR遥感抽样观测数据的应用,都是适应于林场总体MSVD估计的年度监测方法。可实现天空地3种观测数据协同应用的MDpls估测精度和相对效率最高,可作为林场森林蓄积量年度监测的首选方法。

欧洲城市形态学研究综述:存量规划下城市设计转型的理论支撑

在中国当下的存量规划转型期,城市设计也正转向针对存量空间资源的品质提升。作为城市空间形态研究的核心理论,城市形态学在21世纪成了欧洲先发国家城市设计的重要支撑,但目前中国对城市形态学最新理论的引介仍不足以有效指导转型期的城市设计实践。为此,本研究从概念框架、实践经验和理论发展三方面概述了欧洲城市形态学研究的相关进展及其对存量规划中城市设计的重要意义,指出城市形态学作为方法论对中国当前的精细化城市管控与城市空间品质提升的应用价值。

山东省森林资源质量变化及其与年均温关系研究

基于山东省第一次到第九次森林资源清查数据以及气象数据,研究山东省森林资源质量变化及其与年均温的关系。结果表明,山东省乔木林面积、蓄积量、单位面积蓄积量、单位面积生长量、单位面积株数、平均胸径均呈逐渐升高的变化趋势,但各项指标均低于全国平均水平;乔木林蓄积、单位面积蓄积量和平均胸径均与年均温呈显著正相关,用材林和防护林单位面积蓄积量与年均温呈显著正相关,人工林平均胸径与年均温呈显著正相关。山东省森林资源质量稳步提高,气温对山东省森林资源质量的提升具有积极的作用。

广西森林资源规划设计调查技术回顾与展望

20世纪50年代以来,广西先后完成雅长、九万山等重点林区和国有林场森林资源规划设计调查,及5次全区性森林资源规划设计调查,调查内容不断丰富和完善,调查技术和手段不断创新,为广西林业发展提供了坚实的数据基础。广西森林资源规划设计调查主要经历了目测调查(踏查)、小班抽样调查、基于地形图的小班调查、基于高分辨率遥感影像的小班调查和基于机载激光雷达的天空地一体化森林资源调查5个阶段。该文回顾各阶段广西森林资源规划设计调查的主要技术和发展历程,介绍当前新技术研发进展,并对森林资源规划设计的发展趋势进行展望。

多尺度相容的林木年生长模型组研究

本文以浙江省2018年和2019年森林资源连续清查的4252个固定样地数据为建模样本,其中,随机预留10%的样本用于对蓄积、胸径、树高模型进行独立验证,其余数据用于建模,分为林分和散生四旁树2类建模单元,对4个不同的树种组(松木、杉木、硬阔和软阔)建立蓄积、胸径、树高的生长率模型,并结合转换系数建立省、市、县多尺度相容的林木年生长模型组——蓄积生长模型、树高生长模型、胸径生长模型。结果表明,林分蓄积生长模型的R^(2)均在0.63以上,rRMSE小于0.2,胸径生长模型的R^(2)均在0.98以上,rRMSE小于0.1,树高生长模型的R^(2)均在0.61以上,rRMSE小于0.2,模型组拟合效果良好;模型组应用于森林资源小班数据的年蓄积生长率验证效果较好(R^(2)为0.8109,rRMSE小于0.2)。以上研究结果表明,以森林资源连续清查固定样地数据建立林木年生长模型组,能够为森林资源小班数据的模型更新提供可靠的技术支撑。