Forewords Special Topic Issue on Nanophotonics

This Special Topic Issue has grown out of research that has been highlighted at the Nanophotonics Conference series held in China for the past three years. The fourteen papers appearing in this issue are a small sampling of the total scope of the Conference. Broadly speaking, the subjects covered by the contributing authors include quantum properties using semiconductor materials, nanocharacterization especially with applications to medical fields, photonic crystals and fibers, and plasmonics.

Forewords Focus Issue of Nano Optics in Chinese Optics Letters (COL)

Rapid progress of nanoscience and nanotechnology has made significant impact on many academic disciplines and technical fields recently. In particular,

Forewords Focus Issue of Biophotonics in Chinese Optics Letters(COL)

Photonics Technology has made a significant impact on a wide range of medical and biomedical applications.These days,it is not uncommon to find several op- tical equipments in operating rooms and medical research laboratories.This wide

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The concept and practice of sustainable development as a guiding institutional principle, as a concrete policy goal, and as a focus of political mobilization remain salient in meeting the multiple challenges in the Arctic. How sustainable development is conceptualized and practiced depends very much on how it is embraced by scholars, policy makers and the people in the Arctic. Under the circumstances of climate change and political-economic globalization taking place in the Arctic,

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Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,

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The impacts of global changes on the natural environment of the polar regions have been observed and investigated by scientists over recent decades. For example, the melting of glaciers and the changes induced in both the global carbon cycle and the freeze-thaw cycle of the polar regions due to global warming have exerted pressure on the polar environment. Furthermore, the warming climate, changes in hydrological conditions, and changes to the rates of methane and nitrous oxide production and respiration in different types of soil have also constituted a challenge to polar region ecosystems.

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The'International Workshop on e+e-collisions fromtoψ'(PHIPSI15),was held at University of Science and Technology of China(USTC),Hefei,China,from Wednesday,September 23 to Saturday,September 26,2015.This is the 10 th workshop in a series,which started in Karlsruhe in 1996 and continued in Novosibirsk(1999),SLAC(2001),Pisa(2003),Novosibirsk(2006),Frascati(2008),Beijing(2009),

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It has been confirmed that climatic anomaly influenced human life and production andeven causes disasters. With the economic activity developing in the world,the influence isbecoming more and more greater.Scientists have long been devoting themselves to the studyof the cause of climatic anomaly. Now they distinctly attribute the cause to the ocean,where life originated from.Numerous observatons have confirmed that El Nino,known

FOREWORD

The concept of water mass was carried within the early development ofoceanography and the analysis of water mass has so far become one of theimportant subjects of physical oceanography. The formation and charactersof ocean water mass are described and discussed at length in many famousbooks and classical textbooks on physical oceanography, such as "The Oceans"

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The founding of the Department of Marine Geology can be traced back to ShandongCollege of Geology founded in the late 1950s in Qingdao.After some 30 years of ups anddowns,through painstaking efforts,above all through the perios of rapid developmentbrought about by the policies of reform and opening to the world since the Third PlenarySession of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC,it has grown into a departmentquite large in scale.There are at present five specialities:marine geology。

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Although it has long been recognized that the oceans are abundant in various kindsof resources,only in recent years it is discovered that marine medicines have their uniqueadvantages and,with the development of science and technology,they are bound to havebroad application prospects.

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The CHIMEHERB artificial skin developed by Ocean University of Qingdao was a gold medelwinner both at the 37th Eureka World Fair for Inventions in 1988 and at the First International Ex-hibition of Patent and New Technological Product. The laboratorial work of the artificial skin beganin 1983. In April 1986, clinical applications were carried out in the surgical, dermatological andburn wounds in various hospitals such as Shandong Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Shan-

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With the world wide recognition of the importance and urgency of environment protection, there has been an international joint action almost every decade since the late 1960’s. In 1972, the United Nations Conference on Human Environment adopted the Declaratios of Human Environment. In 1982, the International Conference on the Law of the Sea adopted the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea. In 1992, the United Nations confer-

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At the beginning of the twentieth century,cardiovascular disease, particularly secondary to atherosclerosis, was relatively uncommon in North America and Western Europe and was quite rare in the remainder of the world. By the 1950s, cardiovascular disease had grown to epidemic proportions in the West and it had already become clear that hypertension,cigarette smoking and hyperlipidemia were important predisposing factors for atherosclerosis; in the 1960s,diabetes mellitus emerged as an additional important risk factor. Cardiovascular disease was still uncommon in regions of the world where malnutrition, childhood diarrhea and infectious disease were rampant and by far the leading causes of death.

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The first issue of Acta Pratacalturae Sinica contains the results of the Editorial Board’sdiligent preparations,continuous efforts,and personal support in the areas of prataculturalscience.Prataeultural science is an ancient and new subject.It’s an ancient subject because it hasbeen unavoedably involved in grassland production systems since mankind started raisingand grazing animals.Simultaneously,experience had accumulated and scientific researchhad been conducted.All of these had attributed to the emerging,and developing prataculturalscience.

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Chronic viral hepatitis continues to be a major public health problem and the most common cause of liver disease worldwide. It is estimated that 350 million people are carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 170 million are

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We are pleased to announce the publication of a new issue of JIOHS.There will be one regular paper,three papers dedicated to Steven L.Jacques for his 60th birthday,and six papers focusing on Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT).

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Hepatobiliary diseases, particularly viral hep-atitis, hepatocelullar carcinoma and cholelithi-asis, are common in China. The morbidity of pan-creatic diseases such as pancreatic cancer is in-creasing predominently in this country in the re-cent years. Thus research into and treatment ofthese diseases have been flourishing and prompt-ed the publication of papers in this particularfield. Fortunately, a considerable number ofjournals in this field started publishing in China,but none of them are published in English exceptfor English abstracts of major articles. To com-municate with our colleagues worldwide, thepublication of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Dis-eases International (HBPD Int) in English willserve as a bridge for the communication betweenthe East and the West.

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It is now more than a decade since the twenty-first Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （21st CHINARE） reached the highest point of the Antarctic Ice Sheet on 18 January 2005, around the 20th anniversary of China＇s involvement in polar scientific research. This marked the ongoing evolution of the CHINARE program in the Antarctic to one with a greater research focus, and with an increased involvement in international scientific collaboration. In this and subsequent issues of Advances in Polar Science, that decade of scientific achievement will be recognized by a number of thematic papers reviewing traverse route between there and the coast. the outcomes from research at Dome A and along the