Length-weight relationships for six freshwater fish species in Iran

The aim of this study is to report the length-weight relationship parameters （a and b） for some economically important fish species from Iranian freshwaters. The length-weight relationships （LWR） are calculated for six freshwater fish species collected during 2006 and 2007 in Iran. The values of the exponent b in the LWR （W=aL^b） vary between 2.985 and 3.543. The LWR with high correlation coefficient （r^2） is significant for all the species. These parameters axe of great importance to evaluate the relative condition of populations, biology, species management and their fisheries and stock assessment. The application of the length-weight relationships presented here should be limited to the observed length ranges.

Length-weight and Length-length Relationships for Nine Freshwater Species from Huaihongxinhe River, Huaihe River Basin, East China

The present paper provided length-weight relationship(LWR)and length-length(LLR)relationship for the nine freshwater species from Huaihongxinhe River,a tributary of Huaihe River in east China.The data was based on monthly sampling(from August 2016 to December 2016)of the nine fish species.Samples were obtained using barrier net,gill net and ground cage in Huaihongxinhe River.The log-transformed data were used to establish the standard length-body weight and standard length-total length relationships by linear regression analyses.This study would be useful for fishery management and conversation in Huaihe River Basin.

Community structure of mesopelagic fauna and the length-weight relationships of three common fishes in the Cosmonaut Sea,Southern Ocean

This study used specimens of marine organisms caught by rectangular midwater trawl in the Cosmonaut Sea,Southern Ocean,in austral summer 2019/2020,to determine species composition and spatial distributions of mesopelagic fauna in this sea.The data were also used to calculate the length-weight relationships of three common fishes captured during the survey(Electrona antarctica,Bathylagus antarcticus,and Cyclothone microdon).A total of 385 individual organisms with a total weight of 15462.2 g and representing 17 species were collected across the 11 stations visited.The small-sized crown jellyfish Atolla wyvillei(order Coronatae)was the most-dominant species by number(96 individuals),and the zooplankton Cyllopus lucasii(Amphipoda)also showed high abundance(54 individuals).Among fishes,81 individuals of Notolepis coatsorum(Paralepididae)were caught,followed by 71 individuals of E.antarctica(Myctophidae),25 individuals of B.antarcticus(Bathylagidae),and 16 individuals of C.microdon(Gonostomatidae).Clustering analysis divided the mesopelagic community into“west”and“east”groups,and a greater number of individuals were collected in the western part of the sea.The length-weight relationships of the three common fishes revealed positive allometric growth for B.antarcticus(b=3.16),and negative allometric growth for E.antarctica and C.microdon(both b=2.53).Our descriptions of the mesopelagic-zone community structure and biological features of three common fishes provide basic information on the ecology of the Cosmonaut Sea,Southern Ocean,and will be useful for ecosystem-based fisheries management in this region.

Length-weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Sarotherodon Melanotheron(Perciformes:cichlidae)from Forcados River Estuary,Niger Delta,Nigeria

Length-weight relationship(LWR),condition factor(k)of the black chin tilapia,Sarotherodon melanotheron(Rüppel,1852)from Forcados River estuary Nigeria was investigated.The fish were collected monthly from fishermen for a period of 24 months(between April 2012 and March 2014).699 specimens of the fish species were collected.The Length-weight relationship(LWR)of the fish was evaluated using the equation:W=a L^(b) while the condition factor of the fish was determined using the equation;K=100W L^(b).The standard length of sampled S.melanotheron ranged from 4.15 to 18.92 cm,total length 6.01 and 22.5 cm while the weight ranged from 7.85-286.71 g.The b value 2.1299 was less than 3 indicating that the growth pattern of the fish was allometric.The correlation co-efficient(r)value for S.melanotheron was 0.7528.The condition factor for the combined sexes fluctuated monthly.The length-weight relationships and condition factor of S.melanotheron in Forcados river estuary indicated that the fish were above average condition.

Relationships between sagittal otolith size and body size of Terapon jarbua (Teleostei, Terapontidae) in Malaysian waters

Length-weight relationship provides basic information of a fi sh’s condition while the morphometric data of otolith has been traditionally used to determine the range of fi sh sizes for various purposes.The length-weight relationship of Terapon jarbua(Forskål,1775)was examined from 165 specimens,while 132 specimens were used in sagittal otolith biometry measurements.Fish specimens were obtained from various locations in Malaysia including Pahang,Selangor,Sarawak,and Sabah.The total length of fi sh ranged 12.5–32.5 cm,while the total weight ranged 26.28–444.30 g.The otolith length ranged 0.423–1.070 cm,and the otolith weight was 0.0103–0.1572 g.The specimens displayed a mixture of positive and negative allometry growth as indicated by fl uctuating b values between 2.74 and 3.15.The overall coeffi cient of determination(R 2)between fi sh length and weight was 0.9729,which implies a strong correlation.All regressions between the fi sh length and otolith dimensions were highly signifi cant(P<0.001).The otolith dimensions found to be most closely related to the fi sh total length was the otolith weight.This was supported by the regression model showing a high R 2 value of 86.57%.The aspect ratio of otolith was 1.80±0.14(mean±SD).Results confi rm that the otolith growth refl ects the somatic growth of T.jarbua.The length-weight relationship explained the growth conditions of the fi shes in each location while the overall b value of 2.91 indicates that the condition of T.jarbua grown in Malaysian waters during the study period was generally in good condition.This study contributed to the database on the morphometric data of otolith of T.jarbua as well as the fi rst report on fi sh length-weight relationship for T.jarbua in Malaysia.

基于Span方法和多叉解码树的实体关系抽取

实体关系抽取作为自然语言处理领域的一项关键技术,在构建知识图谱、信息检索等领域有着极为重要的意义。然实体关系抽取模型普遍存在词与词之间依赖性运用不足、实体识别效果低下以及单解码带来的三元组强行执行某种不必要顺序的问题。为了解决这三个方面的问题,提升模型的性能,提出了一种新的实体关系抽取模型。该模型首先运用提取特征能力更强的BERT预训练模型获取句子表征,然后采用图卷积神经网络来增强实体与关系之间的依赖关系,再使用对实体提取能力更强的Span方法(识别实体的神经网络方法)进行实体抽取,最后采用深度多叉解码树实施并行解码得到相应的关系三元组。在CoNLL04、ADE数据集上的实验结果表明,与其他的关系抽取基线模型相比,该模型的F1值具有较好的提升,同时也验证了该文模型的有效性与泛化能力。

基于摇摆与剪切协同的柱脚叉接木框架抗侧荷载-位移曲线模型

榫卯连接木框架是传统木结构中的基本承力构件,研究表明其在竖向和水平荷载共同作用下具有摇摆和剪切两种抗侧机制。文章综合考虑木框架摇摆与剪切变形,根据变形协调和弯矩平衡条件,推导竖向荷载和水平荷载共同作用下,柱脚叉接榫卯连接木框架抗侧荷载-位移关系的曲线模型,提出木框架抗侧弹性极限荷载点、峰值荷载点及其切线刚度和下降段刚度的计算方法。基于叉接柱脚木框架抗侧试验对模型进行验证,结果表明:理论模型与试验结果吻合较好,模型计算结果误差小于15.5%。理论研究成果对于传统木结构抗震性能分析和设计具有参考价值。

Growth and Mortality of Small Yellow Croaker(Larimichthys polyactis) Inhabiting Haizhou Bay of China

Length frequency data of small yellow croaker （Larimichthys polyactis） were acquired from the survey vessel in May, July, September and December, 2011 in Haizhou Bay of China. In this study, 921 fish individuals were analyzed for the estimation of growth and mortality parameters. Between length and weight, the power coefficient b was 2.7321, 2.9703, 3.0418 and 2.7252 for the 4 surveying months, respectively. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were 230mm （L∞） and 0.26yr-1 （K） as were calculated with ELEFAN method equipped in FiSAT computer package. With length-converted catch curve analysis, the total mortality rate （Z） and its 95% confidence interval were 2.16 （1.69-2.64） yr-1, 0.59 （0.15-1.04） yr-1, 1.16 （0.80-1.52） yrl and 0.96 （0.70-1.23） yr1 for the 4 surveying months, respectively, with the pooled data the value was 1.15 （0.81-1.48） yr1. The natural mor- tality rate （M） was 0.516 yr 1 as was calculated with Pauly＇s equation （the annual average sea water temperature was 11 ℃）. Therefore, fish mortality rate was 0.634 yrz. The yield-per-recruit analysis indicated that when tc was 1, Fmax, was 0.7 and F01 was 0.55. Cur- rently, the age at first capture is about 1 year and Fcurrent was 0.634. Therefore, Fcurrent was larger than F0.1 and less than Fmax. This indicates that current fish mortality is at a dangerously high level. With Gulland method, the biological reference point for fishery （Fopt） was estimated as 0.516 yr1, lower than current fish mortality. Accordingly, reducing catch in the region was strongly recom- mended.

Morphological changes and allometric growth in hatcheryreared Chinese loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus(Dabry de Thiersant, 1872)

The length-weight relationship and allometric growth patterns of hatchery-reared Chinese loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus(Dabry de Thiersant, 1872), were determined from hatching to 60 days after hatching. A best power model was estimated for the length-weight relationship during the early life stages. Positive allometric growth for the head segment, trunk length, tail length and eye diameter was also found in the early life stages, while body depth, tail depth, tail fi n length, pectoral fi n length and barbel length displayed a negative coeffi cient. During the subsequent early developmental stage, the growth coeffi cients showed a clear and common tendency towards isometry for all measured body ratios. The allometric growth changes in Chinese loach during the early stage are possibly the result of selective organogenesis directed towards survival priorities.

Effects of temperature and diet on length-weight relationship and condition factor of the juvenile Malabar blood snapper(Lutjanus malabaricus Bloch & Schneider, 1801)

In this study we aimed to analyze the effects of water temperature and diet on the length-weight rela- tionship and condition of juvenile Malabar blood snapper Lutjanus malabaricus over a 30-d experimental period. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory using a flow-through-sea-water system. The fish were subjected to four different temperatures （22, 26, 30, and 34 ℃） and two diets （commercial pellet and natural shrimp）. Fish were fed twice daily. L. malabancus exhibited negative allometric growth （b〈3） at the beginning of the experiment （Day 0） at all temperatures and both diets except for 22 ℃ fed with shrimp, which showed isometric growth （b=3）. Conversely, at the end of the experiment （Day 30） fish showed isometric growth （b=3） at 30 ℃ fed with the pellet diet, indicating that the shape of the fish did not change with increasing weight and length, and a positive allometric growth （b〉3） at 30 ℃ fed with shrimp diet, which indicated that fish weight increases faster than their length. The rest of the temperatures represented negative allometric growth （b〈3） on both diet, meaning that fish became lighter with increasing size. The condition factors in the initial and final measurements were greater than 1, indicating the state of health of the fish, except for those fed on a pellet diet at 34 ℃. However, the best condition was obtained at 30 ℃ on both diets. Nev- ertheless, diets did not have a significant effect on growth and condition of juvenile L. malabaricus. The data obtained from this study suggested culturing L. malabaricus at 30 ℃ and feeding on the pellet or shrimp diet, which will optimize the overall production and condition of this commercially important fish species.

Population dynamics of Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus from Pakistani waters

Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus（Bloch, 1791） is among the most abundant and commercially important species in Pakistan. From the coast of Pakistan, four demersal trawl surveys in October–November 2009 and May–June, August, October and November in 2010 were carried out. The purpose of this study is to estimate the population dynamics and status of the stock of the N. japonicus from Pakistani waters based on the research trawl surveys from the research area. The data consist of n=784 length-weight pairs and n=7 530 length frequency with the maximum length and weight of 29 cm and 358 g respectively. The length frequency data were analyzed using ELEFAN method in FiSAT computer package. The parameters of length and weight relationship were b=2.778, a=0.032 and R2=0.973. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were L∞=30.45 cm, K=0.270 year-1. Based on length-converted catch curve analysis the total mortality（Z） during this study was estimated at 0.960 year-1. The natural mortality coefficient（M） was 0.74 year-1 using Pauly＇s equation（the annual average sea surface temperature was 27°C）, therefore, the fishing mortality coefficients（F） were 0.22 year-1. The yield per recruit analysis indicated that when tc was 2, Fmax was estimated at 1.2 and F0.1 at 1.1. When tc was 1, Fmax was estimated at 0.95 and F0.1 at 0.8. Because current age at first capture is about 1 year and Fcurrent was 0.22, Fcurrent is smaller than F0.1 and Fmax, which indicated that the fishery is about in a safe condition. When using Gulland（1971） biological reference point, Fopt was equals to M（0.74）. The current fishing mortality rate of 0.22 was smaller than the target biological reference point.

Downstream Changes on a Tropical Fish Community Structure by Effluent from Wood Processing Factory

In order to plan a management programme for ensuring maximum production of fish in Cross River, impacted downstream changes in the fish community structure by effluents from wood processing industry, six years after establishment, was examined. Monthly samples were collected between January and December each year from 2000 to 2006 in three reaches (Upriver: I, Mid-river: II and Downriver: III) along the length of Cross River. Representatives of the fish families Osteoglossidae (i.e. Heterotis niloticus), Cichlidae (Tilapia melonopleura) and Characidae (Bryocinus nurse), Clupeidae (Cynothrissa sp), Mormyridae (Mormyrus deliciosus), Clariidae (Clarias gariepinus), Bagridae (Bagrus bayad) and Cyprinidae (Barbus occidentalis) were found to have declined in their importance compared to pre-industry period. On the other hand, Bagridae (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus), Cichlidaae (Orechromis niloticus), Claridae (Clarias anguillaris) and Mochokidae (Synodontis clarias) have currently emerged as most important. Estimated value of growth coefficient (b) of the length-weight relationship changed from isometry (b approx. = 3) to negative allometry (b ≤ 3), condition factor values decreased from range between 0.53 and 1.30 to range between 0.22 and 0.62. Main feeding groups of fish;planktivores, carnivores and insectivores declined in numbers while omnivores and detritivores increased, resulting in dominance of benthic and semi-pelagic omnivores. Values of fecundity distribution varied from 56,012 ± 5234 eggs, mode 12,500 and median 58,345 to mean value 23,122 ± 232 eggs, mode 2500 and median 20,349, egg size from mean value;1.82 ± 0.07 mm, mode 2.2, and median;1.8 to values of 0.8 ± 0.04 mm, mode;1.3 and median 1.1 and Gonadosomatic index from 20.5 ± 3.2, mode 19.1 ± 2.2 and median 21.4 to values of 12.4 ± 2.3, mode 4.5 and median 9.5 respectively. Three species found to have appeared in the river were Tilapia monody, Chrysichthys maurus and Synodontis violaceus. The appearance of these species and disappearance of 36 others indicates the restructuring of the fish community of the Cross River by effluents from the wood processing industry.

干涉法测量音叉振动

采用干涉法对音叉受迫振动的位移振幅、速度振幅以及音叉振动与外加周期性驱动力的相频关系做了测量与探究.实验结果表明,位移共振频率与速度共振频率近似相等;音叉达到共振时,音叉振动与外加周期性驱动力存在π/2的相位差.利用干涉的方法可对音叉受迫振动的位移振幅、速度振幅以及音叉振动与外加周期性驱动力的相频关系同时进行研究,并且可观测到调节信号源频率至共振频率过程中相位差的改变,以及达到共振时施加外在扰动后相位差偏离π/2而后恢复的过程.

Population dynamics of the tropical oyster Magallana bilineata(Mollusca,Bivalvia,Ostreidae)in Mengkabong Bay,Tuaran,Malaysia

Knowledge about the population dynamics within a specific spatial area is vital for the effective planning and management of important fishery resources.Population parameters,including the asymptotic length(L∞),growth coefficient(K),mortalities(Z,F,and M),recruitment pattern,exploitation level(E),and yield per recruit(Y’/R),of the tropical oyster Magallana bilineata in Mengkabong Bay,Tuaran,Malaysia were analyzed by using the FiSAT software,using on the monthly shell length-frequency data collected from April 2019 to March 2020.A total of 435 oysters with shell lengths ranging from 3.64 to 11.16 cm were analyzed.Habitat water temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen,hydrogen ion concentration(pH),and chlorophyll concentration were measured at 29.0-33.7◦C,26.68-35.74 psμ,3.18-6.99 mg/L,6.57-8.29 and 1.51-98.93μg/L,respectively.The logarithmic relationship between the length and weight of Log W=1.9055 Log L+0.1049(R2=0.5431)with exponent b of 1.9055 for combined sexes showed a negative allometric growth(b<3),indicating that the oysters in Mengkabong Bay are skinny.Several management measures have been proposed to promote high meat growth,including the use of genetically selected seeds,selection of new farming sites and adoption of grow-out methods that favour high meat growth.Asymptotic length(L∞)and growth coefficient(K)of the von Bertalanffy Growth Formula(VBGF)for M.bilineata were estimated at 12.13 cm and 1.00 yr1,respectively.The theoretical ages at length zero(t0)(0.0487)were estimated by substituting L∞and K in Pauly’s equation.The sizes attained by M.bilineata were 3.76,5.04,6.13,7.05,7.83,and 8.49 cm at the end of 2,4,6,8,10,and 12 months,respectively.The calculated growth performance index(φ)for M.bilineata in Mengkabong Bay was 2.168,while the estimated lifespan was 3 years.The recruitment pattern was observed year-round,with higher recruitment activities in September-October 2019 and January 2020.The total mortality(Z)was analyzed using the length-converted catch curve and estimated at 3.04 yr^(-1),fishing mortality(F)at 0.63 yr^(-1),and natural mortality(M)at 2.41 yr^(-1).The lower exploitation rate(0.21)compared to the recommended 0.5 and Beverton and Holt’s estimated maximum allowable limit of exploitation rate(Emax)of 0.587 indicated that the M.bilineata stock in Mengkabong Bay was under-exploited.Several recommendations that could aid in the development of M.bilineata in Mengkabong Bay include promoting local oysters through collaboration with leading hotels and restaurants,developing food processing technology for downstream products,and establishing a sanitation programme that includes monitoring and enforcing sanitary conditions in the culture,harvest and processing sectors.

基于线性混合效应模型的日本鳀幼鱼叉长-体重关系异质性

为了研究日本鳀幼鱼生长的异质性,本研究根据2019年4—6月在浙江沿岸海域进行专项特许捕捞中采集的日本鳀幼鱼样品,采用拟合广义线性模型和9个线性混合效应模型,分析日本鳀幼鱼叉长与体重关系的异质性。结果表明:本次采样的日本鳀幼鱼叉长范围为14~74 mm,平均叉长为33 mm,优势叉长组为21~50 mm;体重范围为0.01~2.96 g,平均体重为0.28 g,优势体重组为0.01~0.50 g。根据赤池信息准则,具有月份和水域对生长参数a、b随机效应的线性混合效应模型的拟合效果最优;交叉验证结果也证明了其预测效果最优。在最优模型中,生长参数a的固定值为0.24×10^(-5),其估计值波动不明显,b的固定值为3.246,估计值范围为3.206~3.272,表示日本鳀幼鱼为正异速生长。这说明月份和水域对日本鳀幼鱼叉长与体重关系具有显著影响。

竖向荷载作用下叉柱造式斗栱节点受力性能试验研究与有限元分析

以独乐寺观音阁平座层叉柱造式斗栱节点为原型,按宋《营造法式》三等材的尺寸要求,以1/3.2的缩尺比例制作了3个叉柱造式斗栱节点模型。通过竖向加载试验,得到了斗栱节点的竖向荷载-变形关系曲线,分析了斗栱节点变形特征、竖向压缩刚度和竖向荷载传递规律等。试验结果表明：斗栱节点的破坏特征主要是栌斗和泥道栱的断裂与压屈、叉柱肢的弯翘变形;竖向荷载-变形关系曲线可简化为三折线;整个变形过程中,竖向荷载主要按照以叉柱为主,叉柱与栱共同传递及叉柱肢屈曲后以栱为主三种途径传递。采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了叉柱造式斗栱节点的三维实体模型,分析了其承受竖向荷载的力学性能,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。在此基础上,建立了叉柱造式斗栱节点的竖向荷载-变形关系模型。研究成果可为我国叉柱造式古建筑木结构的保护提供参考。

基于线性混合效应模型的镰鲳叉长-体质量关系的异质性分析

根据2016—2018年3月初(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)4个季节在浙江南部近海的温台地区底拖网调查数据,通过构建广义线性模型(GLM)和9个线性混合效应模型,对镰鲳(Pampus echinogaster)的叉长-体质量关系(W=aLb)及其异质性进行了分析。结果表明:浙江南部近海的镰鲳叉长范围为53.00~238.00 mm,平均叉长128.54 mm,优势叉长组为110.00~160.00 mm;体质量范围为3.80~420.50 g,平均体质量63.61 g,优势体质量为60.00~180.00 g。根据赤池信息准则(AIC),最佳的生长拟合模型为同时存在季节和年份对镰鲳生长参数a,b的随机效应的组合模型;均方根误差结果同样表明该模型的性能最优。在最优模型中,参数a的固定值为1.75×10^(-5),参数b的固定值为3.083,表示镰鲳为正异速增长,肥满度较高。最优线性混合模型结果显示:a值在秋季最大,其次是夏季和冬季,而春季最小;b值与其相反。从不同年份来看:a值在2016年最大,2018年和2017年次之;b值在2017年最大,2018年和2016年次之。本研究分析了年份、季节与镰鲳的叉长-体质量关系,通过混合效应模型,显示出年份和季节对镰鲳的叉长-体质量关系具有较为显著的影响,表明该模型在镰鲳的叉长-体质量关系的异质性研究中具有重要的参考价值,并为其资源的合理开发和管理提供科学依据。

Some reproductive and biometric features of the endangered Gangetic Leaf Fish,Nandus nandus(Hamilton,1822):Implication to the baor fisheries management in Bangladesh

This study reflects the biometric characters of the endangered species Nandus nandus(Hamilton,1822)including sex ratio,length-length relationships(LLRs),and length-weight relationships(LWRs)utilizing the sum of 14 linear variables,various meristic measurements,reproductive biology,and condition factor from the Borni Baor,a large wetland ecosystem of southwestern Bangladesh.A total of 579 specimens of N.nandus have been periodically collected from the Borni Baor throughout the year(January-December,2019)using different traditional fishing gears.Highly significant LLRs(r^(2)>0.90)values indicate that length parameters are profoundly associated with one another.In the LWR formula(W=aL^(b)),higher exponent b values(b>3.0)were demonstrating a positive allometric growth with a high correlation coefficient(r^(2)>0.94).Moreover,monthly gonadosomatic index and dobriyal index fluctuations suggest the primary breeding season of this fish is from March to July.Data revealed the breeding time was associated strongly with the rainfall and air temperature(p<0.05).The results of our study exposed a cutting-edge biometric feature of this endangered species that would be applicable for fish stock evaluation and making management strategies and conservation policy for this valuable fish resource.

Biometrics of the rare fish Rhinomugil corsula(Hamilton,1822)(Mugiliformes:Mugilidae)in the Ganges,Northwestern Bangladesh

Objective:To investigate biometrics of the Rhinomugil corsula(Hamilton,1822)(R.corsula),including length-weight relationships(LWRS),condition factors(Allometric,K_(A);Fulton's,K_(F);Relative,K_(R);Relative weight,W_(R)),and sex ratio and length-frequency distributions in the Ganges(Padma River),Northwestern Bangladesh.Methods:Monthly sampling was conducted using traditional fishing gears during June to August 2012.Total length was measured to the nearest 0.01 cm using digital slide calipers,and total body weight was measured using an electronic balance with 0.01 g accuracy.The LWR was calculated using the expression:W=a×L_(b),where the W is the body weight,L is the total length,a and b are the parameters of the regression.Results:A total of 350 specimens ranging from 8.59-15.71 cm in total length and 9.57-32.59 g in body weight were analyzed during this study.The overall sex ratio was not significantly different from the expected value of 1:1(X^(2)=2.57,P>0.05),but there was significant difference in the length-frequency distributions between the sexes(P=0.03).The allometric coefficient b for the LWR indicated negative allometric growth(b=3.00)in males,female and combined sexes.Results further indicated that Kr was not significantly different between the sexes(P=0.57).However,the mean W_(R)of R.corsula showed significant differences from 100 for males(P=0.03)and females(P<0.001)in this study,indicating the imbalance habitat with food availability relative to the presence of predators.Conclusions:This study reported the first description of biometric relationships for R.corsula,which would be useful for the sustainable conservation of this rear fishery in Bangladesh and also neighboring countries.