The Inheritance of Hardt and Negri to Marx’s Thought: From the Critique of Political Economy to Biopolitical Critique

In the Empire Series,Hardt and Negri attempt to develop biopolitical critique to contemporary capitalist society.Hardt and Negri develop their own biopolitical critique based on their understanding of Foucauldian biopolitics.In the meantime,many arguments of biopolitical critique come precisely from Marx’s critique of political economy.Identifying biopolitical production as the hegemonic paradigm of contemporary capitalist production,Hardt and Negri accomplish the transition from the critique of political economy to biopolitical critique.However,such assertion does not mean a major rupture in the relation between the critique of political economy and biopolitical critique.On the contrary,it only implies an intertwined relationship between them.Moreover,if regarding Foucault’s discussion about political economy and biopolitics as a medium,then the conclusion can be made:There are overlaps between biopolitical critique and the critique of political economy,and the source of biopolitical critique can also be traced directly back to Marx.

Exploration of the Methods and Insights in the Introduction to Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right

Marx,as one of the founders of Marxism,experienced a significant transformation in his thought during the period of 1843-1844.The Introduction to Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right(hereafter referred to as the Introduction)is one of Marx’s most representative works from this time.Lenin noted that this text,along with Marx’s On the Jewish Question,marks Marx’s transition from idealism and revolutionary democracy to materialism.In this renowned text,Marx offers a rational critique of the absolute authority of religion,articulates a vision for human emancipation,and envisages the possibility of free and comprehensive human development.During this intellectual shift,Marx absorbed the essence of German classical philosophy and,from a positivist perspective,began employing critical thinking and materialist expression.This enabled him to embark on a path of critique addressing both the religious and real social worlds.In the new era,systematically studying Marxist classic works allows for the exploration of their contemporary relevance.By aligning these classics with specific directions outlined in reports such as those from the 20th CPC Central Committee’s Third Plenary Session,the vitality of these works can be reinvigorated for the modern age.

Brainstorming and Developing English Learners'Writing Techniques: Critiques and Recommendations

Empirical studies suggest that research, by use of a systemic approach, should follow a set of procedures that are clearly described and then can be justified. However, it is worth noting that no approach is perfect, in particular, when it comes to the studies related to ethnographic studies. In view of this, this critique aims to reconsider empirical studies using brainstorming strategy to develop L2 learners'writing techniques. Firstly, this paper looks at the theoretical framework and the aims of these studies. Following this, this paper simultaneously summarizes and critiques these previous findings in terms of genres in writing, new assessment criteria, practicality in English pedagogy, data collection and analysis, findings and pedagogical implications. The final section presents the further inquiry in the language education context. This paper concludes that the brainstorming strategy in the teaching of writing can only be used in some genres, and both the product-oriented and process-oriented approaches should be applied to teaching writing.

A Critique of Study by File,K.A.and Adams,R

Vocabulary instruction has been a hot topic among teachers and researchers in second language or foreign language teaching field.Which one is more efficient,integrated or isolated-focused instruction?File,K.A.and Adams,R(2010)carried a re⁃search to compare their efficiency in vocabulary teaching.This critiqued reviewed and evaluated their research and give some sug⁃gestions to the research.

Review and critique of the literature on Business English as a branch of ESP

Over the last few years, Business English has attracted increasing interest and awareness. At present, the mainstream viewpoint is to see the Business English as a kind of ESP and a comprehensive course which absorbs the methodologies of other courses based on the linguistics. However, there are also some critiques. Some people criticize that to see Business English as ESP can not uncover the characteristics of Business English. After reviewing relevant studies and theories, this paper provides some viewpoints on Business English as a branch of ESP and its critiques. On basis of the analysis, some findings will be offered in the conclusion part. Hopefully, it can offer some insights into Business English study in the future.

Theory Critique of Kristen Swanson’s Theory of Caring

Theory is considered essential for integral assessment, adopting its foundations and concepts is of great utility. The theory provides different templates to help nurses provide care that respects patients and improves outcomes. Through understanding the intersection of nursing, patients, health, and the environment, theories aim to simplify the complicated, ever-evolving relationship that nurses have with their profession. Nursing theory helps distinguish nursing as a separate discipline from medicine and related sciences, and assists nurses in understanding their patients and their needs. The behaviors of healthcare providers affect how patients participate in and experience care situations. In the nursing discipline, the theoretical structures of caring have been established as the core concept of guidance in all nurses’ work. The aim of this paper is to develop a critique of Kristen Swanson’s theory of caring—a theory structured around five caring principles (maintaining belief, knowing, being with, doing for, and enabling) by applying it to nursing practice. When applied to nursing practice, each of these five stages stimulates the caregiver’s attitude, which in turn improves the overall patient’s well-being. Implications to nursing practice are mentioned [1] [2].

A Critique of The Effects of Essay Topics on Modal Verb Uses in L1 and L2 Academic Writing

This critical review assesses Eli Hinkel's research paper The Effects of Essay Topics on Modal Verb Uses in L1 and L2 Academic Writing in terms of both writing process and writing product. It acknowledges the merits as well as the flaws of the paper and concludes with future study suggestions.

Frege＇s and Russell＇s Contributions to Logic： A Comparative Exposition and Critique

Our ability to arrive at knowledge by chains of judgment is constitutive of our rationality, likewise our ability to discern the self-evidence of logical and arithmetical laws. To count an activity as ＂thinking about the physical world＂ is to hold it assessable in the light of the laws of physics; whereas to count an activity as ＂thinking at all＂ is to hold it assessable in the light of the laws of logic. Thus, the kind of generality that distinguishes logic from the special sciences is a generality in the applicability of the norms it provides. Logical laws are more general than laws of the special sciences because they prescribe universally the way in which one ought to think, if one is to think all. Logicism is usually understood to be the thesis that all, or at least large parts of, mathematics can be reduced to logic. This thesis has two sides： （1） all mathematical concepts can be defined in terms of basic logical concepts; （2） all mathematical theorems can be deduced from basic logical truths. According to logicism all terms, including all mathematical terms, are to be given a definite meaning within the basic system. This paper aims at a comparative analysis of the contributions of Frege and Russell to the development of modem logic by reviewing in some detail their essential features and derivations. Without making any pretensions to proffering a definitive resolution of any puzzles, the discussion will, however, raise some fundamental questions, and offer a critical evaluation of the putative success or failure of the logicist programmes of Frege and Russell.

A Critique of Eye-Tracking Approach in Translation Process Research

With the rapid growth of eye-tracking studies in translation process research, concomitant methodologicalproblems have become increasingly prominent. This paper starts with the discussion of the controversial “eye-mindassumption”, and then focuses on various threats to experimental validity in research design and problems witheye-tracking data filtering and analysis. It is hoped that this discussion would be beneficial to those who are now orwill be engaged in eye-tracking based translation studies.

Research on Chinese Urban Modernity Issues From the Perspective of Technology Rational Critique

With the development of urbanization,metropolises and megapolises are emerging.Urbanization is being completed with the driving force of capital;meanwhile,technology has achieved the quest of capital.In this thesis,in light of Henri Lefebvre’s ideology of technology rational critique,Chinese urban modernity issues under the perspective of technology rational critique were analyzed,including issues like eroded urban texture,urban mechanization,and urban segregation.The technology rational root of Chinese urban modernity issues was discussed from the turn of technical artifacts from design intention to application intention.In the end,possible methods to solve these Chinese urban modernity issues were illustrated based on Henri Lefebvre’s urban development theory.

Translation and Dissemination of Critique of the Gotha Program in China in the Early Times

This paper reviews the early translation and dissemination of Critique of the Gotha Program by different scholars in different publications in China and sums up the law of the dissemination of Marxism and Critique of the Gotha Program in China in the early times.

Critique of What Children Think of Animals' Need: Aesthetic and Psycho-social Conceptions

This essay aims to present the strengths and weaknesses of the research in detail. The research problem and the research background will be given. The essay will also comment on the methods employed in this research in respect to interview, sampling, data collection and its analysis. Its validity and reliability will be discussed and the appropriateness of results, weaknesses and ethical problems will be pointed out. At the end it will show the findings and implications of this critique and its further development.

Critique on Hofstede's Five Dimensions in Relation to China——Taking Intel and Ernst & Young(China)as Examples

The author conducts an empirical research on Chinese performance on Hofstede’s five dimensions in this thesis.Hofstede's Values Survey Module 1994(VSM94)survey instrument is adopted by a sample of 200 Chinese employees of two international companies,Intel and EY to measure personal values.The author compares the personal values of global company employees in China today with Chinese national culture dimensions which were first identified by Hofstede and the results are very different from Hofstede’s conclusions whose data was collected from 1984 to 1996.According to Hofstede,China is a strongly collectivist,"above average"masculine,high power distance,low uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation country while the findings of this study is that China has changed to strongly individualistic,strongly feminine,low power distance,high uncertainty avoidance and short-term oriented.The result can to some extent reflect the changed Chinese culture and can serve as the guidance in human resource management.

The Equality Thought in Marx’s Critique of Gotha Program and Its Value in the New Era

The idea of equality is an important part of Marxist theory system and an ideal creed pursued by mankind.Marx’s thought of equality is reflected in the Criticism of Gotha Program.Marx’s criticism of“absolute labor income”elaborates the distribution theory of the two stages of communism.The criticism of“labor determinism”defends the fundamental principle of“production decides distribution”.It criticizes the essence of“free education for all”and puts forward the idea of education equality in an ideal society.In the new era,it is helpful to improve the equality system and protect the basic rights of citizens to review their equality thoughts.What’s more,it is also helpful to develop productive forces Vigorously and consolidate the equal foundation of socialist countries.We will deepen the reform of education and improve the sense of happiness of education equality.

The ＂Pictorial Turn＂ as Crisis and the Necessity of a Critique of Visual Culture

The ＂Pictorial＂ or ＂Iconic Turn＂ is a central issue in the contemporary theory of images and visual cultural studies. Should the theories concerning the ＂Iconic Turn＂ and formulated in the last 20 years by scholars such as Gottfried Boehm, William Mitchell, Hans Belting be taken as critical theories of crisis？ Is the currently experienced ＂turn towards images＂ （and their progressive rehabilitation after a long standing philosophical and theological rejection） a sign and symptom of some crisis of people＇s relation with images, language and, generally speaking, with the representation forms of reality？ The main hypothesis of this essay envisages two sets of problems： first, the analysis of the relation between the possible idea of turning point and the concept of crisis; secondly, the thorough investigation of the relation connecting the iconic turn to the project of ＂critical iconology＂ or ＂critique of visual culture,＂ as outlined by Hans Belting and William Mitchell. From the interpretation of the ＂Iconic Turn＂ as situation of crisis and aesthetic, anthropological, and epistemological transformation follows the need for the sciences of image to provide a ＂critical iconology＂ in order to be able to theoretically reformulate the ideological and political presuppositions of some dominant contemporary forms of visual representation.

Seeking Redemption:Complicitous Critique in Border Trilogy of Cormac McCarthy

Cormac McCarthy,the veteran American writer,is often questioned as being obsessed with darkness and nihility because of the lack of definite redemption in his works.However,if“Border trilogy”,the representative work of his western novels,is put under the framework of postmodern poetics proposed by Linda Hutcheon,it will be found that redemption is hidden in the narrative structure.And the author structures the narration by dual coding strategies,such as parody,paradoxical irony and metafiction to make works conspire with the history and realty while criticize it at the same time.It is the complicitous critique.This symbiotic contradiction makes some accepted ideas problematic and urges the reader to seek justice and redemption in the tension of paradox.Therefore,redemption is coming in seeking.

A Review and Critique of Discourse Mode of Public Administration Slogans——Based on the Study of Postmodern Public Administration Discourse Theory

Public administration slogans include oral and written slogans which made by governments at all levels according to the policy or administration under the propagation tasks. T he purpose is to enhance propaganda effects by repeating the same concepts and objectives. While the democratic awareness in public discourses is keep growing,there are some surveys on the quality of public administration slogans. In order to improve the quality of public administration slogans,governments in Anhui Province should organize professionals and pay closely attention to the guidance of policy before they sort,edit,produce and release public administration slogans.

Critique on the Bourgeoisie:Laura’s Assimilating and Interference of Aes⁃thetics and Politics in The Garden Party

As Mansfield’s representative masterpiece,The Garden Party contains her critique on the bourgeoisie.This essay argues that Laura Sheridan is assimilating into the bourgeoisie,taking up Mrs.Sheridan’s role as a matriarch,while she is struggling with the waking sympathies on working class.By depicting the process of assimilating,along with the interference of aesthetics and politics,Mansfield reveals her critique on the bourgeoisie which shows indifference towards the lower class.

恩格斯对马克思转向政治经济学研究的影响——基于《国民经济学批判大纲》的文本考察

《国民经济学批判大纲》对马克思转向政治经济学研究产生过重要的持续性的学术影响。一是引导马克思转向对现实问题的政治经济学剖析路径;二是为马克思转向政治经济学研究提供了科学方法借鉴;三是为马克思转向政治经济学研究提供论点支援和补充;四是帮助马克思确证了无产阶级政治经济学研究的共产主义结论。客观全面把握《国民经济学批判大纲》对马克思政治经济学研究转向的影响,是我们准确理解马克思和恩格斯早期学术思想关系的重要方面。