The Inheritance of Hardt and Negri to Marx’s Thought: From the Critique of Political Economy to Biopolitical Critique

In the Empire Series,Hardt and Negri attempt to develop biopolitical critique to contemporary capitalist society.Hardt and Negri develop their own biopolitical critique based on their understanding of Foucauldian biopolitics.In the meantime,many arguments of biopolitical critique come precisely from Marx’s critique of political economy.Identifying biopolitical production as the hegemonic paradigm of contemporary capitalist production,Hardt and Negri accomplish the transition from the critique of political economy to biopolitical critique.However,such assertion does not mean a major rupture in the relation between the critique of political economy and biopolitical critique.On the contrary,it only implies an intertwined relationship between them.Moreover,if regarding Foucault’s discussion about political economy and biopolitics as a medium,then the conclusion can be made:There are overlaps between biopolitical critique and the critique of political economy,and the source of biopolitical critique can also be traced directly back to Marx.

Theory Critique of Kristen Swanson’s Theory of Caring

Theory is considered essential for integral assessment, adopting its foundations and concepts is of great utility. The theory provides different templates to help nurses provide care that respects patients and improves outcomes. Through understanding the intersection of nursing, patients, health, and the environment, theories aim to simplify the complicated, ever-evolving relationship that nurses have with their profession. Nursing theory helps distinguish nursing as a separate discipline from medicine and related sciences, and assists nurses in understanding their patients and their needs. The behaviors of healthcare providers affect how patients participate in and experience care situations. In the nursing discipline, the theoretical structures of caring have been established as the core concept of guidance in all nurses’ work. The aim of this paper is to develop a critique of Kristen Swanson’s theory of caring—a theory structured around five caring principles (maintaining belief, knowing, being with, doing for, and enabling) by applying it to nursing practice. When applied to nursing practice, each of these five stages stimulates the caregiver’s attitude, which in turn improves the overall patient’s well-being. Implications to nursing practice are mentioned [1] [2].

Seeking Redemption:Complicitous Critique in Border Trilogy of Cormac McCarthy

Cormac McCarthy,the veteran American writer,is often questioned as being obsessed with darkness and nihility because of the lack of definite redemption in his works.However,if“Border trilogy”,the representative work of his western novels,is put under the framework of postmodern poetics proposed by Linda Hutcheon,it will be found that redemption is hidden in the narrative structure.And the author structures the narration by dual coding strategies,such as parody,paradoxical irony and metafiction to make works conspire with the history and realty while criticize it at the same time.It is the complicitous critique.This symbiotic contradiction makes some accepted ideas problematic and urges the reader to seek justice and redemption in the tension of paradox.Therefore,redemption is coming in seeking.

Brainstorming and Developing English Learners'Writing Techniques: Critiques and Recommendations

Empirical studies suggest that research, by use of a systemic approach, should follow a set of procedures that are clearly described and then can be justified. However, it is worth noting that no approach is perfect, in particular, when it comes to the studies related to ethnographic studies. In view of this, this critique aims to reconsider empirical studies using brainstorming strategy to develop L2 learners'writing techniques. Firstly, this paper looks at the theoretical framework and the aims of these studies. Following this, this paper simultaneously summarizes and critiques these previous findings in terms of genres in writing, new assessment criteria, practicality in English pedagogy, data collection and analysis, findings and pedagogical implications. The final section presents the further inquiry in the language education context. This paper concludes that the brainstorming strategy in the teaching of writing can only be used in some genres, and both the product-oriented and process-oriented approaches should be applied to teaching writing.

A Critique of Study by File,K.A.and Adams,R

Vocabulary instruction has been a hot topic among teachers and researchers in second language or foreign language teaching field.Which one is more efficient,integrated or isolated-focused instruction?File,K.A.and Adams,R(2010)carried a re⁃search to compare their efficiency in vocabulary teaching.This critiqued reviewed and evaluated their research and give some sug⁃gestions to the research.

A Critique of The Effects of Essay Topics on Modal Verb Uses in L1 and L2 Academic Writing

This critical review assesses Eli Hinkel's research paper The Effects of Essay Topics on Modal Verb Uses in L1 and L2 Academic Writing in terms of both writing process and writing product. It acknowledges the merits as well as the flaws of the paper and concludes with future study suggestions.

A Critique of Eye-Tracking Approach in Translation Process Research

With the rapid growth of eye-tracking studies in translation process research, concomitant methodologicalproblems have become increasingly prominent. This paper starts with the discussion of the controversial “eye-mindassumption”, and then focuses on various threats to experimental validity in research design and problems witheye-tracking data filtering and analysis. It is hoped that this discussion would be beneficial to those who are now orwill be engaged in eye-tracking based translation studies.

Research on Chinese Urban Modernity Issues From the Perspective of Technology Rational Critique

With the development of urbanization,metropolises and megapolises are emerging.Urbanization is being completed with the driving force of capital;meanwhile,technology has achieved the quest of capital.In this thesis,in light of Henri Lefebvre’s ideology of technology rational critique,Chinese urban modernity issues under the perspective of technology rational critique were analyzed,including issues like eroded urban texture,urban mechanization,and urban segregation.The technology rational root of Chinese urban modernity issues was discussed from the turn of technical artifacts from design intention to application intention.In the end,possible methods to solve these Chinese urban modernity issues were illustrated based on Henri Lefebvre’s urban development theory.

Translation and Dissemination of Critique of the Gotha Program in China in the Early Times

This paper reviews the early translation and dissemination of Critique of the Gotha Program by different scholars in different publications in China and sums up the law of the dissemination of Marxism and Critique of the Gotha Program in China in the early times.

Critique of What Children Think of Animals' Need: Aesthetic and Psycho-social Conceptions

This essay aims to present the strengths and weaknesses of the research in detail. The research problem and the research background will be given. The essay will also comment on the methods employed in this research in respect to interview, sampling, data collection and its analysis. Its validity and reliability will be discussed and the appropriateness of results, weaknesses and ethical problems will be pointed out. At the end it will show the findings and implications of this critique and its further development.

Critique on Hofstede's Five Dimensions in Relation to China——Taking Intel and Ernst & Young(China)as Examples

The author conducts an empirical research on Chinese performance on Hofstede’s five dimensions in this thesis.Hofstede's Values Survey Module 1994(VSM94)survey instrument is adopted by a sample of 200 Chinese employees of two international companies,Intel and EY to measure personal values.The author compares the personal values of global company employees in China today with Chinese national culture dimensions which were first identified by Hofstede and the results are very different from Hofstede’s conclusions whose data was collected from 1984 to 1996.According to Hofstede,China is a strongly collectivist,"above average"masculine,high power distance,low uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation country while the findings of this study is that China has changed to strongly individualistic,strongly feminine,low power distance,high uncertainty avoidance and short-term oriented.The result can to some extent reflect the changed Chinese culture and can serve as the guidance in human resource management.

The Equality Thought in Marx’s Critique of Gotha Program and Its Value in the New Era

The idea of equality is an important part of Marxist theory system and an ideal creed pursued by mankind.Marx’s thought of equality is reflected in the Criticism of Gotha Program.Marx’s criticism of“absolute labor income”elaborates the distribution theory of the two stages of communism.The criticism of“labor determinism”defends the fundamental principle of“production decides distribution”.It criticizes the essence of“free education for all”and puts forward the idea of education equality in an ideal society.In the new era,it is helpful to improve the equality system and protect the basic rights of citizens to review their equality thoughts.What’s more,it is also helpful to develop productive forces Vigorously and consolidate the equal foundation of socialist countries.We will deepen the reform of education and improve the sense of happiness of education equality.

A Review and Critique of Discourse Mode of Public Administration Slogans——Based on the Study of Postmodern Public Administration Discourse Theory

Public administration slogans include oral and written slogans which made by governments at all levels according to the policy or administration under the propagation tasks. T he purpose is to enhance propaganda effects by repeating the same concepts and objectives. While the democratic awareness in public discourses is keep growing,there are some surveys on the quality of public administration slogans. In order to improve the quality of public administration slogans,governments in Anhui Province should organize professionals and pay closely attention to the guidance of policy before they sort,edit,produce and release public administration slogans.

Critique on the Bourgeoisie:Laura’s Assimilating and Interference of Aes⁃thetics and Politics in The Garden Party

As Mansfield’s representative masterpiece,The Garden Party contains her critique on the bourgeoisie.This essay argues that Laura Sheridan is assimilating into the bourgeoisie,taking up Mrs.Sheridan’s role as a matriarch,while she is struggling with the waking sympathies on working class.By depicting the process of assimilating,along with the interference of aesthetics and politics,Mansfield reveals her critique on the bourgeoisie which shows indifference towards the lower class.

从内在批判到哲学人类学——哈贝马斯实证主义批判中研究方法的转变

在20世纪60年代德国社会学界开启的关于实证主义的争论中,哈贝马斯一开始明确追随阿多诺,并采取一种内在批判的时域对实证主义展开批判。随着论战的深入,哈贝马斯的观点逐渐倾向于一种哲学人类学的视角。这一转变过程反映出哈贝马斯尝试突破法兰克福学派第一代理论家的方法,进而构建自己版本的社会批判理论。这种转变尽管为哈贝马斯开启了新的语用学研究领域,并且导向交往行为理论的形成,但是内在批判的抛弃使得哈贝马斯的批判理论丧失了历史性的原则。

列宁与政治经济学批判方法论的“具体化”——基于《俄国资本主义的发展》的文本讨论

在政治经济学批判中,“从抽象到具体”的方法一直是西方左翼解读《资本论》的流行语法。然而,他们通常忽视了“从抽象到具体”过程的“开端”问题。马克思在以英国为个案的《资本论》的“原始积累”章节中所处理的,正是这个理论任务。回顾马克思主义发展史,列宁在《俄国资本主义的发展》中的讨论,完成了马克思关于考察俄国资本主义以补证《资本论》证据的愿望,丰富了“从具体到抽象”的开端问题。列宁从俄国资本主义的发展具有客观必然性、农民的解体与小生产者的破产是其发展的必然环节,以及俄国不是因为没有国外市场而无法实现额外价值等方面,论证了资本主义原始积累过程的必然性与资本主义发展最终被社会主义替代的一致性,实现了政治经济学批判方法论的“具体化”。