Analyzing the Form-Finding of a Large-Span Transversely Stiffened Suspended Cable System: A Method Considering Construction Processes

The precise control of the shape of transversely stiffened suspended cable systems is crucial. However, existing form-finding methods primarily rely on iterative calculations that treat loads as fixed known conditions. These methods are inefficient and fail to accurately control shape results. In this study, we propose a form-finding method that analyzes the load response of models under different sag and stress levels, taking into account the construction process. To analyze the system, a structural finite element model was established in ANSYS, and geometric nonlinear analysis was conducted using the Newton-Raphson method. The form-finding analysis results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves precise control of shape, with a maximum shape error ranging from 0.33% to 0.98%. Furthermore, the relationships between loads and tension forces are influenced by the deformed shape of the structures, exhibiting significant geometric nonlinear characteristics. Meanwhile, the load response analysis reveals that the stress level of the self-equilibrium state in the transversely stiffened suspended cable system is primarily governed by strength criteria, while shape is predominantly controlled by stiffness criteria. Importantly, by simulating the initial tensioning process as an initial condition, this method solves for a counterweight that satisfies the requirements and achieves a self-equilibrium state with the desired shape. The shape of the self-equilibrium state is precisely controlled by simulating the construction process. Overall, this work presents a new method for analyzing the form-finding process of large-span transversely stiffened suspended cable system, considering the construction process which was often overlooked in previous studies.

Spatial structural analysis of main saddle for single tower spatial cable self-anchored suspension bridge

Based on the engineering background of the Jiangxinzhou Bridge in Nanjing, issues related to the spatial main saddle of the self-anchored suspension bridge are studied. The refinement finite element model is established by the secondary development technology based on the platform of the general finite element program, and a reasonable load pattern is used in its spatial structural analysis, by which its path of force transference and stress distribution are obtained. Matched with the spatial main cable, the tangency point correction method is also discussed. The results show that the lateral wall stress of the saddle groove is higher than the stress within the wall due to the role of lateral forces in the finished bridge state; the horizontal volume force of the main cable can generate a gradient distributed vertical extrusion pressure on the saddle clamping device and the main saddle body; the geometric nonlinear effect of the self- anchored suspension bridge cable system in the construction process is significant, which can be reflected in the spatial tangent point position of the main cable with the main saddle changes a lot from free cable to finished cable.

Simplified Calculation of Flow Resistance of Suspension Bridge Main Cable Dehumidification System

To calculate the flow resistance of a main cable dehumidification system,this study considers the air flow in the main cable as the flow in a porous medium,and adopts the Hagen–Poiseuille equation by using average hydraulic radius and capillary bundle models.A mathematical derivation is combined with an experimental study to obtain a semi-empirical flow resistance formula.Additionally,Fluent software is used to simulate the flow resistance across the main cable relative to the experimental values.Based on the actual measured results for a Yangtze River bridge,this study verifies the semi-empirical formula,and indicates that it can be applied in actual engineering.

Study for reasonable value of friction coefficient between main cable and saddle

The value of friction coefficient between the main cable and saddle, relates to not only the anti-slippage stability of three-tower suspension bridge, but also the reasonable stiffness of the middle tower and the magnitude of rigidity of the whole bridge. First, the paper does some comparative studies about the relevant provisions of international norms, and then, summarizes the relevant load test results both at home and abroad. Finally, the paper draws the appropriate anti-slippage safety factor for the most unfavorable load in accordance with international load standards, and discusses the rationality and feasibility of the friction coefficient of 0.2 between main cable and saddle.

Energy conservation research of dehumidification system for main cable anticorrosion of suspension bridge

The necessity of the main cable anticorrosion for suspension bridge is described, and operating principles and composition of main cable dehumidification system are analyzed. An idea using the waste heat of high temperature outlet air of dehumidification system to heat up regeneration air of rotary-type dehumidifier is put forward in this paper. The concrete scheme is to install a heat exchanger on air-out pipeline of roots blower and air-in pipeline of regeneration electric heater of rotary dehumidifier. Air preheated by the heat exchanger enters regeneration electric heater of rotary-type dehumidifier. Energy conservation of main cable dehumidification system for the Yangtze River highway bridge is calculated, and the results show that energy conservation rate can reach 44 %.

Construction techniques of super-length main cable of Taizhou Bridge

Taizhou Bridge is a highway three-pylon two-span bridge with span arrangement of 1 080 m + 1 080 m and the length of the main cable is more than 3 100 m. It is the longest cable in China. As the erection of the main cable needs to cross over three towers and the cables undulate acutely, general problems like the twist, spread and swell of strands and shedding of the zinc coating are prone to arise, which make it difficult to guarantee the quantity of cable traction construction. In this paper, the hauling, shaping and saddling of strands and sag adjusting are illustrated in detail and how to execute the refined construction control to guarantee the erection quality is also covered.

New algorithm of shape-finding of suspension bridge with spatial cables

A new algorithm is proposed to solve the problems of shape-finding of suspension bridge with spatial cables what include tedious iteration,slow convergence speed and even no convergent under some circumstances.In this paper,the stress analysis of the main cable is carried out,and the relationship between the slope change and the coordinate change is found.This paper also discussed how to find the minimum slope point of symmetrical or asymmetric main cable,and the deformation compatibility equation is established and solved to obtain the shape of main cable.The algorithm in this paper can ensure the convergence of the solution for the suspension bridge with spatial cables.The calculation accuracy is high through the demonstration of the calculation examples.

Parameters of static response of carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) suspension cables

The feasibility of longer spans relies on the successful implementation of new high-strength light weight materials such as carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP). First, a dimensionless equilibrium equation and the corresponding compatibility equation are established to develop the cable force equation and cable displacement governing equation for suspension cables, respectively. Subsequently, the inextensible cable case is introduced. The formula of the Irvine parameter is considered and its physical interpretation as well as its relationship with the chord gravity stiffness is presented. The influences on the increment of cable force and displacement by λ2 and load ratio p′ are analyzed, respectively. Based on these assumptions and the analytical formulations, a 2000 m span suspension cable is utilized as an example to verify the proposed formulation and the responses of the relative increment of cable force and cable displacement under symmetrical and asymmetrical loads are studied and presented. In each case, the deflections resulting from elastic elongation or solely due to geometrical displacement are analyzed for the lower elastic modulus CFRP. Finally, in comparison with steel cables, the influences on the cable force equation and the governing displacement equation by span and rise span ratio are analyzed. Moreover, the influences on the static performance of suspension bridge by span and sag ratios are also analyzed. The substantive characteristics of the static performance of super span CFRP suspension bridges are clarified and the superiority and the characteristics of CFRP cable structure are demonstrated analytically.

CableGuard主缆缠包带国产化研发

依托西江特大桥针对CSM基本配方进行相应的变量试验,从而获得满足性能指标要求的材料,实现CableGuard主缆缠包带国产化生产。通过红外图谱及热重分析确定CableGuard产品基本材质及含胶量,研发产品以CSM为主要原材料,按照45%~50%的含胶量进行配方设计,辅助添加用于改善CSM材料性能的助剂用于调节材料的性能。通过外层材料、内层材料以及中间涤纶经编网格布配方设计及对比分析,研究开发了完全国产化的主缆密封缠包带。

基于联合静动力修正的混凝土斜拉桥主梁挠度变化规律研究

针对混凝土斜拉桥服役期间主梁不断下挠的问题,该文基于修正模型分析大跨度混凝土斜拉桥服役期间主梁挠度变化规律。采用联合静动力的有限元模型修正方法,构造双目标优化问题,基于非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)求解,得到Pareto最优解集,从Pareto最优解集中找到协调最优解,从而实现有限元模型修正。模型修正后的静力位移和自振频率计算值与实测值吻合较好,能更好地反映结构的实际工作状态。在此基础上,结合主梁线形历年监测数据,分析不同徐变模式及拉索松弛效应等时变因素对主梁线形的影响,分析结果表明:采用CEB-FIP 2010徐变模式计算的挠度与实测挠度更加接近。中跨跨中下挠量最大,服役20年下挠量约为270 mm;主梁跨中挠度前5年平均增长率达33 mm/年,前5年挠度约占前40年的50%,后期主梁下挠趋于平缓。

四主缆大跨悬索桥抗震性能分析及减震措施优化

以燕矶长江大桥为工程背景,首先,采用动力非线性时程法分析了燕矶长江大桥抗震性能,并研究了设置电涡流-摩擦组合型阻尼器和黏滞阻尼器对大跨悬索桥抗震性能的影响;然后,对附加电涡流-摩擦组合型阻尼器摩擦力、阻尼系数和阻尼指数开展了参数敏感性分析;最后,从耗能角度分析地震作用下电涡流-摩擦组合型阻尼器减震特点.结果表明:在E2地震作用下,桥塔关键截面抗弯能力均大于弯矩需求;在“纵向+竖向”地震作用下梁端纵向位移较大.设置塔梁处纵桥向阻尼器后,可有效降低主桥梁端纵向位移;增大摩擦力、阻尼系数与降低阻尼指数均可提升梁端纵向地震响应的控制效果,但参数变化对桥塔控制截面的地震响应影响较小.阻尼系数较大时,电涡流阻尼主导了电涡流-摩擦组合型阻尼器耗能,相较于黏滞阻尼器,电涡流-摩擦组合型阻尼器对梁端纵向位移控制效果更好.

基于工程经济性的公路悬索桥主缆最优垂跨比研究

为寻求工程经济性最优的公路悬索桥主缆垂跨比,以我国近年多座采用混凝土桥塔的单跨公路悬索桥为背景,建立主缆、锚碇、桥塔基础工程量的直接函数模型和桥塔塔身工程量的非线性函数拟合模型,对跨度750~2250 m、单层车道数4~8及双层车道数6+4、垂跨比1/14~1/6共952种布置形式的悬索桥进行大范围关于主缆垂跨比的工程经济性研究,并以2座实桥为算例分析主缆垂跨比对悬索桥静、动力性能及抗风性能的影响。结果表明:主缆垂跨比对悬索桥工程经济性影响显著;悬索桥主缆最优垂跨比与跨度相关,而车道数、加劲梁荷载集度的影响相对较小,涉水和不涉水的差异也不显著;基于工程经济性考虑,跨度750~2250 m的悬索桥主缆最优垂跨比为1/6.5~1/8.5,比经验值增大较多。2座实桥算例分析表明随着垂跨比增加,加劲梁挠度和活载应力有所增加,抗风性能略有提升,建议方案设计阶段加大垂跨比研究范围、对工程经济性和桥梁力学性能进行综合比选。

深江铁路洪奇沥公铁大桥主桥设计关键技术

研究目的:洪奇沥公铁大桥是深江铁路的控制性工程,主桥采用主跨808 m公铁合建斜拉桥一跨跨越洪奇沥水道,上层布置8车道城市快速路,下层布置4线铁路。结合建设条件、结构特点及使用性能,对主桥结构体系、主梁横断面及结构形式、索-塔锚固结构、施工方法等关键技术展开研究,确定技术合理可行和经济节约的设计方案。研究结论:(1)首创了短边跨叠合板-桁组合梁斜拉桥结构体系,主桥长度减少20%,节省工程投资;(2)首次在4线铁路公铁合建斜拉桥上采用倒梯形双主桁截面,桥面布置紧凑、受力明确;(3)提出的边跨主梁采用矩形钢管混凝土叠合板-桁组合结构,集结构受力和锚固压重于一体,施工便捷;(4)发明了“自平衡交叉锚固+齿块锚固”的索-塔混合锚固方式,技术经济性高;(5)钢主梁创新采用“纵向大节段+横向分块”施工方法,解决了超宽超高超重整节段钢桁梁运输受既有桥净空限制的难题;(6)本研究成果可为公铁合建桁梁斜拉桥设计提供参考或借鉴。

缆索起重机索道系统主索拆除施工新技术

缆索起重机因其具有跨度大、施工效率高且能够在场地狭窄、岸壁陡峭的高山峡谷中应用的优点已在国内水电项目使用长达50余年。鉴于现有缆索起重机索道系统主索拆除的传统工艺存在拆除工期长、高空作业风险高的弊端,总结并开发出一种缆索起重机索道系统主索拆除施工新技术,彻底解决了主索空中作业的安全风险,省去了架设和拆除临时承载索工序和临时承码安拆工序,有效节约了缆索起重机主索拆除的施工工期,减少了临时承载索和承码保距绳等资源的投入,使得施工效率、经济效益和社会效益显著提高,具有很好的实用价值和推广借鉴意义。

鲜花湖特大桥主桥设计研究

鲜花湖特大桥是G4222和县至襄阳高速公路舒城(千人桥)至金寨(皖豫界)段的主要控制性工程之一。主桥采用(118+220+118)m预应力混凝土部分斜拉桥,塔梁墩固结体系;上部结构采用单箱三室大悬臂斜腹板宽幅箱形主梁,人字形主塔,单索面扇形、横向双排布置斜拉索;下部结构结合现场环境,采用X形双肢薄壁墩、群桩基础。鲜花湖特大桥主桥构造新颖美观,融合了结构设计与景观需求。通过系统介绍该桥设计方案、结构和主要计算结果,以供同类项目参考。

基于复杂网络和免疫策略的斜拉桥主梁施工安全风险耦合分析

斜拉桥主梁施工是一项复杂系统行为,施工过程中风险事故可能存在多条演化路径,因此具有复杂性和不确定性。为满足当前对施工安全风险管理的更高要求,提出一种基于复杂网络的风险耦合分析方法。首先,通过主梁施工作业程序分解及致险状态分析以识别安全风险因素;然后,基于复杂网络理论,借助邻接矩阵构建主梁施工安全风险的耦合网络模型,对特征指标进行研究分析并得出风险演化特征;最后,运用MATLAB软件对网络进行免疫仿真,包括单个节点免疫、随机免疫和蓄意免疫,以识别出关键节点并提出施工风险管控策略。结果显示:蓄意免疫的效果明显优于随机免疫,综合考虑免疫结果应优先预防和控制网络关键节点代表的风险点,从而有效降低网络效率,提高施工安全性。

椭圆塔空间缆自锚式悬索桥主索鞍系统设计研究

在建万龙大桥工程主桥为世界首座采用椭圆钢桥塔的空间主缆自锚式悬索桥。该桥鞍座采用铸焊结合的自适应式空间缆索主索鞍,鞍座存在以下技术难点:空间主缆主索鞍受力复杂;椭圆塔纵向刚度大,主索鞍的抗滑问题突出;鞍座底部为柔性支撑,索鞍与主塔协同变形,塔-鞍连接结构传力复杂。为掌握椭圆塔空间缆自锚式悬索桥主索鞍及塔-鞍连接结构的关键技术,运用数值分析方法开展系统研究。研究结论如下:(1)当桥梁承受(恒载+汽车+人群+自来水+温度+风)作用时,满足要求的最小摩擦系数μ为0.215,需要设置12 mm竖向摩擦板;(2)主索鞍在最大缆力工况下的最大Von Mises应力为186.2 MPa,最大竖向变形为1.572 mm,满足强度及刚度要求;(3)主索鞍与钢塔连接结构主要通过支承隔板以竖向剪力的形式将主索鞍作用力传至钢塔腹板上,端部支承隔板的剪力显著大于中间隔板,剪力传递的不均匀系数为1.29;(4)主索鞍支承板在鞍座区域的边缘存在一定转角,空缆工况最大纵向转角为0.366‰rad,在鞍座顶推施工中需要加以考虑。

公铁混合布置大跨度斜拉桥主梁断面形式研究--以赣江公铁大桥西支主桥设计为例

以赣江公铁两用大桥西支主桥设计为例,研究一种适应上层8车道公路、下层对称双线铁路+4车道公路混合布置的主梁断面形式。提出带挑臂双索面箱桁组合断面、带挑臂单索面箱桁组合断面、矩形箱桁组合断面、矩形钢桁梁断面4种主梁断面方案,采用有限元软件分析各方案静动力性能及受力特点,综合考虑方案构造特点、技术指标、工程数量、公铁运营安全、景观效果等,确定该桥选用带挑臂双索面箱桁组合断面。该桥斜拉索最大索力16000 kN,锚固在下层钢箱梁两侧,通过有限元实体分析对锚拉板和钢锚箱式两种索梁锚固形式进行比选研究,钢锚箱形式受力合理、应力水平低、经济性好,设计采用钢锚箱形式。带挑臂双索面箱桁组合断面桥面空间布置合理、下层公铁行车干扰小、梁端竖向变形最小、经济性好,是一种适应公铁混合布置大跨度斜拉桥主梁断面形式。

AS法悬索桥锚靴及拉杆锚固可靠性研究

AS法(空中纺线法)施工的悬索桥,主缆各索股钢丝套接锚固在两岸的锚靴上,锚靴通过拉杆将索股力传递给锚固系统。锚靴与主缆钢丝相互作用后锚靴的承载能力、钢丝小曲率弯折后的应力状态、拉杆安装精度对锚固可靠性的影响均需要定性定量的研究以及试验验证。该文以AS法架设主缆悬索桥——阳宝山特大桥为背景,对锚靴及索股进行了6 150 kN设计荷载下拉杆无偏转状态、拉杆相对于锚固垫板在水平向、竖直向和45°向偏转0.5°共4种工况下的试验研究。结果表明:锚靴承载能力满足设计要求,钢丝小曲率弯折后无异常变形和破坏;锚靴及拉杆构造连接可靠,装配性好,构造采用球面垫圈结构可以保证拉杆具备约1°偏心调节能力,为保证锚靴及拉杆构造设计使用要求,建议拉杆与索股轴向安装控制精度保证在0.5°以内。