Unveiling DNA methylation in Alzheimer’s disease:a review of array-based human brain studies

The intricacies of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis are being increasingly illuminated by the exploration of epigenetic mechanisms,particularly DNA methylation.This review comprehensively surveys recent human-centered studies that investigate whole genome DNA methylation in Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology.The examination of various brain regions reveals distinctive DNA methylation patterns that associate with the Braak stage and Alzheimer’s disease progression.The entorhinal cortex emerges as a focal point due to its early histological alterations and subsequent impact on downstream regions like the hippocampus.Notably,ANK1 hypermethylation,a protein implicated in neurofibrillary tangle formation,was recurrently identified in the entorhinal cortex.Further,the middle temporal gyrus and prefrontal cortex were shown to exhibit significant hypermethylation of genes like HOXA3,RHBDF2,and MCF2L,potentially influencing neuroinflammatory processes.The complex role of BIN1 in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease is underscored by its association with altered methylation patterns.Despite the disparities across studies,these findings highlight the intricate interplay between epigenetic modifications and Alzheimer’s disease pathology.Future research efforts should address methodological variations,incorporate diverse cohorts,and consider environmental factors to unravel the nuanced epigenetic landscape underlying Alzheimer’s disease progression.

Anatomic location of the first dorsal extensor compartment for surgical De-Quervain’s tenosynovitis release:A cadaveric study

BACKGROUND De-Quervain’s tenosynovitis is a disorder arising from the compression and irritation of the first dorsal extensor compartment of the wrist.Patients who fail conservative treatment modalities are candidates for surgical release.However,risks with surgery include damage to the superficial radial nerve and an incomplete release due to inadequate dissection.Currently,there is a paucity of literature demonstrating the exact anatomic location of the first dorsal extensor compartment in reference to surface anatomy.Thus,this cadaveric study was performed to determine the exact location of the first extensor compartment and to devise a reliable surgical incision to prevent complications.AIM To describe the location of the first dorsal compartment in relation to bony surface landmarks to create replicable surgical incisions.METHODS Six cadaveric forearms,including four left and two right forearm specimens were dissected.Dissections were performed by a single fellowship trained upper extremity orthopaedic surgeon.Distance of the first dorsal compartment from landmarks such as Lister’s tubercle,the wrist crease,and the radial styloid were calculated.Other variables studied included the presence of the superficial radial nerve overlying the first dorsal compartment,additional compartment subsheaths,number of abductor pollicis longus(APL)tendon slips,and the presence of a pseudo-retinaculum.RESULTS Distance from the radial most aspect of the wrist crease to the extensor retinaculum was 5.14 mm±0.80 mm.The distance from Lister’s tubercle to the distal aspect of the extensor retinaculum was 13.37 mm±2.94 mm.Lister’s tubercle to the start of the first dorsal compartment was 18.43 mm±2.01 mm.The radial styloid to the initial aspect of the extensor retinaculum measured 2.98 mm±0.99 mm.The retinaculum length longitudinally on average was 26.82 mm±3.34 mm.Four cadaveric forearms had separate extensor pollicis brevis compartments.The average number of APL tendon slips was three.A pseudo-retinaculum was present in four cadavers.Two cadavers had a superficial radial nerve that crossed over the first dorsal compartment and retinaculum proximally(7.03 mm and 13.36 mm).CONCLUSION An incision that measures 3 mm proximal from the radial styloid,2 cm radial from Lister’s tubercle,and 5 mm proximal from the radial wrist crease will safely place surgeons at the first dorsal compartment.

酶-化学级联催化制备(S)-烟碱

传统(S)-烟碱合成方法步骤复杂且依赖多种化学催化剂。为了实现(S)-烟碱的绿色合成,设计了酶-化学级联途径:首先,构建了亚胺还原酶(IRED)与甲酸脱氢酶(FDH)的偶联体系,以麦斯明为底物合成(S)-降烟碱;然后,将(S)-降烟碱经Eschweiler-Clarke反应制备(S)-烟碱。通过大肠杆菌宿主分别对IRED和FDH进行表达,得到含酶细胞及酶液,考察了pH和温度对细胞中IRED和FDH酶活力的影响。优化酶催化制备(S)-降烟碱的反应条件,在30℃、pH 7.5条件下,添加质量浓度为30 g/L的麦斯明、600 U/L FDH细胞、900 U/L IRED细胞、0.6 mmol/L NADP^(+)和质量浓度为90 g/L的甲酸钠,(S)-降烟碱的产率>98%,对映体过量(e.e.)值>99%。最后,通过化学法将(S)-降烟碱甲基化得到(S)-烟碱,此步骤产率和e.e.值均达99%以上。

A Study on Solid/Melt Interfaces and the Formation of<100> Texture in Solidified FCC Metals

The (100) texture of solidified fcc metals, caused by the preferential (100) dendrite growth, could be closeIy related to solid/melt interfaces which behave differently along different crystallographic orientation. The stability and roughness of {111} and {100} solid/melt interfaces of fcc metals were investigated using a modified Temkin multi-layer model. It is demonstrated that {100}crystal/melt interface is more unstable and rougher than {111} interface. The effect of the stability of crystal/melt interface on the (100) texture formation in solidified fcc metals has been analysed and discussed.

STUDY ON MESO-MECHANICAL SIMULATION OF GROUTING FOR UNFAVORABLE GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

The numerical simulation program of PFC2D(Particle Flow Code in 2 Dimension)particle flow based on the flow-solid coupling principle and,on its built-in FISHTANK function library and FISH language,defines the flow equation and pressure equation of fluid domain respectively,and carries out numerical simulation calculations on the diffusion process and,on the morphology and particle displacement of slurry during the slurry injection process.By adjusting the parameters of hist,n_bond,s_bond and measure in the PFC command flow,the tracking of granular body displacement changes is achieved,and the mesoscopic mechanism such as the diffusion law of soil slurry at different depths and the change of formation porosity is revealed.The numerical calculations show that:the grouting pressure has a significant effect on the alteration and destruction of the formation structure,and the fracturing effect becomes gradually worse with increasing adhesive strength,while the porosity increases significantly with increasing grouting pressure.Based on the elastic-plastic theory of the Mohr-Colomb criterion to theoretically derive the stress field of the soil around the borehole,it is pointed out that the mechanical mechanism of annular tension and radial compression is the fundamental reason for the appearance of fracturing grouting action mode.The increase of slurry viscosity is beneficial to improve the grouting effect of fracturing-compacting grouting,while the increase of friction coefficient has little effect on the grouting effect.The comparative analysis of the laboratory tests shows that the PFC2D simulation of the grouting process is feasible.

Oderly accumulation theory of shale system petroleum resource and its prospecting significance-A case study of Chang 7 Member of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin

1 Introduction Shale formations bear abundant mineral resource and*unconventional petroleum resource,and the unconventional petroleum resource that contain in the shale formation should be integrated and researched.

Petrophysical properties and their influencing factors of carbonates in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin, SW China

Based on the measurements of petrological, petrophysical and elastic properties of the samples of different sedimentary facies in the fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation (Deng 4 Member) in the Sichuan Basin, the diagenetic processes of reservoirs of different sedimentary facies and their controls on the petrophysical properties were discussed. The results show that cracks and mineral composition jointly control the petrophysical properties, and both are significantly influenced by sedimentary environment and diagenesis. The microbial dolomite of mound-shoal facies mainly experienced multi-stage dolomitization, penecontemporaneous dissolution, tectonic rupture and hydrothermal/organic acid dissolution processes, giving rise to cracks and dissolved pores. The grannular dolomite of inter-mound-shoal bottomland or dolomitic lagoon facies mainly underwent mechanical compaction, burial dolomitization and tectonic-hydrothermal action, creating cracks and intercrystalline pores. The diagenesis related to crack development increases the pressure- and saturation-dependent effects of samples, leading to significant decrease in the compressional wave impedance and Poisson's ratio. Dolomitization changes the properties of mineral particles, resulting in a Poisson's ratio close to dolomite. The muddy, siliceous and calcareous sediments in the low-energy environment lead to the decrease of impedance and the differential change of Poisson's ratio (significantly increased or decreased). The samples with both cracks and dissolved pores show high P-wave velocity dispersion characteristics, and the P-wave velocity dispersion of samples with only fractures or pores is the lowest.

LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中S,S,S-三丁基三硫代磷酸酯质量浓度及其毒物动力学研究

目的 建立LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中S,S,S-三丁基三硫代磷酸酯的质量浓度,并用于大鼠体内的毒物动力学研究。方法 采用沉淀蛋白法进行血浆样品前处理,以丙酸倍氯米松为内标。色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax SB C_(18)(50 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5μm)柱,流动相为水(含体积分数0.1%甲酸)-乙腈/甲醇(体积比1∶1),梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 mL·min^(-1)。质谱检测采用ESI源,正离子化方式,多反应监测模式(MRM)进行扫描检测。结果 血浆中S,S,S-三丁基三硫代磷酸酯线性范围为2~800μg·L^(-1),线性良好(r≥0.99),批内、批间RSD均在±15%内,准确度在85%~115%内。高、中、低质量浓度总体提取回收率为89.0%,变异系数为1.1%。结论 本方法适用于大鼠血浆中S,S,S-三丁基三硫代磷酸酯质量浓度的准确测定和动力学研究。

Theoretical Transplantation into Translation Studies——An Analysis on the Pragmatic Application of Hofstede’s

The deepening process of globalization has given rise to restless cultural exchanges among people from different regions of the world through newspapers,books,and other written media.However,the significant differences in languages and cultures have become an insurmountable gap in intercultural communication.To lubricate cultural exchanges,new translation theories that focus on the transformation of different cultural concepts shall be introduced and adopted.This paper aims to extract applicable notions from Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions for pragmatic translation studies by laying emphasis on its pragmatic value through case study.By such theoretical transplantation,valuable suggestions are proposed to tackle cultural misunderstandings and conflicts encountered amid cultural exchanges.

Strike-Slip Faults and Their Control on Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment in Carbonate Karst Reservoirs: A Case Study of Yingshan Formation on Northern Slope of Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin

Objective Oil and gas are abundant in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation carbonate karst reservoirs on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift in the Tarim Basin, and have extremely complicated oil-gas-water distribution, however. The difference in burial depth of the reservoirs between east and west sides is up to 1000 m. Water-bearing formations exist between oil- and gas-bearing formations vertically and water-producing wells are drilled between oil- and gas-producing wells. Macroscopically, oil and gas occur at low positions, while water occurs at high positiona on the northern slope of Tazhong uplift. The mechanism of differential hydrocarbon enrichment in heterogeneous reservoirs is by far not clarified, which has affected the efficient exploration and development of oil and gas fields in this area.

城市轨道交通S型曲线夹直线与长直线地段振动对比试验研究

夹直线在一定程度上可以保证线型连续和行车平顺,但过短的夹直线长度会导致振动叠加,影响旅客舒适度和列车运行的稳定性,增加运营维护成本。本文通过对城市轨道交通S型曲线夹直线与长直线地段振动对比试验研究,从时域、时频域、振动加速度级及地面Z振级等方面对获得的数据进行分析,解释了夹直线段振动叠加的产生机理,验证了车体垂向加速度峰值在缓直点处会出现峰值提前现象,并阐述了夹直线段的振动叠加现象对地面环境振动的影响。结论如下:车辆在通过S型曲线线形变化点时产生的冲击振动会通过钢轨以弹性波的形式向前传播,与车辆在夹直线段行驶产生的振动叠加;由于弹性波的形式传播的速度远高于车辆行驶速度,因此会导致夹直线段出现振动加速度峰值提前现象;S型曲线夹直线的垂向振动加速度的优势频率要高于长直线段,且更向高频分散;S型曲线夹直线产生的振动叠加现象不会对地面环境振动产生影响。

Experimental Study on the Mechanism for the Formation of Sn- bearing Granite in Northern Guangxi

Experimental results have proved that the Xuefengian Sn-bearing biotite granites were formed by remelting and recrystallization of the Proterozoic metamorphic rocks of the Sibao Group at 500× 105-2000× 105 Pa and 750-570℃ and further testified that the F- and B-bear-ing aqueous solution played an important part in decreasing the formation temperature of the rocks. The results tally with the reality of the field geology. The authors have thus brought to light the mechanism for the formation of the Sn-bearing biotite granites and expounded the significance of their formation in the crust dynamics of South China.

A Survey of English Translation Studies of Lu You’s Poetry Based on the Data Analysis of Domestic Academic Journals (2001-2022)

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state of research on the English translation of Lu You’s poetry, utilizing a data sample comprising research papers published in the CNKI Full-text Database from 2001 to 2022. Employing rigorous longitudinal statistical methods, the study examines the progress achieved over the past two decades. Notably, domestic researchers have displayed considerable interest in the study of Lu You’s English translation works since 2001. The research on the English translation of Lu You’s poetry reveals a diverse range of perspectives, indicating a rich body of scholarship. However, several challenges persist, including insufficient research, limited translation coverage, and a noticeable focus on specific poems such as “Phoenix Hairpin” in the realm of English translation research. Consequently, there is ample room for improvement in the quality of research output on the English translation of Lu You’s poems, as well as its recognition within the academic community. Building on these findings, it is argued that future investigations pertaining to the English translation of Lu You’s poetry should transcend the boundaries of textual analysis and encompass broader theoretical perspectives and research methodologies. By undertaking this shift, scholars will develop a more profound comprehension of Lu You’s poetic works and make substantive contributions to the field of translation studies. Thus, this article aims to bridge the gap between past research endeavors and future possibilities, serving as a guide and inspiration for scholars to embark on a more nuanced and enriching exploration of Lu You’s poetry as well as other Chinese literature classics.

EPR STUDY OF THE FORMATION OF[Li^+O^-]ION PAIR ON Li-DOPED ZnO

In this letter the study of Li-doped zinc oxide by electron paramagnetic resonance method is described.A signal observed at g_=2.013,g_=1.955 on the degassed sample at 923K was designated to F_s^+ centers(surface oxygen ion vacancies with a single trapped electron).When the sample was quenched from 1003K into liquid oxygen at 77K under 24 KPa O_2,[Li^+O^-] ion pairs valued at g_=2.026 and g=2.003 with superhyperfine constant a=2.0G,which resulted from ~7Li nucleus,formed at Li^+-substitutional site in ZnO lattice.A probable mechanism of [Li^+O^-]ion pair formation was proposed.

Studies on Progressive Reactions Leading Formations of Different Types of Barium Ferrites

The present investigation is concerned with the reaction of barium and iron nitrates mixtures using three different molar ratios, 1:1 (Ⅰ), 1:2 (Ⅱ) and 2:1 (Ⅲ) at different temperatures as pointed out from the DTA data. The reaction products exhibit 12 compounds namely, Ba(NO3)2, αFe2O3, Fe3O4, BaFeO3, BaFeO2.9, hexagonal BaFeO3-x, tetragonal BaFeO3-x, BaFe2O4, αBaFe2O4, Ba2Fe6O11, Ba5Fe14O26 and BaFe12O19. The formation of these products depend on the molar ratio between the reactants and the reaction temperature. The reaction products were studied by DTA and TG techniques and characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns, magnetic susceptibility data and scanning electron microscopy, SEM.

LASER FLASH SPECTROSCOPY STUDIES OF THE ANTHRACENEN,N-DIETHYLANILINE EXCIPLEX FORMATION IN γ-CYCLODEXTRIN

Gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was used to induce the formation of N,N-diethylaniline (DEA) exciplex in 15:85{φ=0.15)v/v EtOH-H_2O binary mixture.Measurements of the fluorescence spectra of anthracene in the presence or absence of DEA and γ-CD show that γ-CD can form 1:1:1 host/guest-Ⅰ/guest-Ⅱ inclusion complex with anthracene and DEA.

Simulation Study on the ITB Formation during LHCD in JT-60U

A transport simulation has been done by using a i.5D time dependent transportcode to reproduce a formation of the ITB on electron temperature Profile during the long pu1seLHCD in JT-60U tokamak. The transport coefficients were assumed to reduce with a reversedmagnetic shear and the LH driven current profile was evaluated by fitting dynamic change inthe measured current profile. The gradual increase in the central electron temperature could beexplained by the change in the current profile during LHCD in the present simulation model. Theestimated LH-driven current profile by the transport code analysis shows a finite current densityat the plasma center. Analysis of transport simulation suggests some mechanisms for broadeningthe LH-driven current profile at the central region of the plasma.

What Are the Current and Developing Treatments for Cotard’s Syndrome, Alice in Wonderland Syndrome, and Catatonic Schizophrenia?

Purpose: Cotard’s syndrome, Alice in Wonderland Syndrome, and Catatonia are all rare psychiatric disorders that have relatively little research regarding their treatments. The aim of this article is to highlight any gaps in knowledge regarding represented demographics in these treatment studies, and to discuss the current and upcoming treatment options. Background: This literature review explores under-researched psychiatric conditions: Cotard’s syndrome, Alice in Wonderland syndrome, and Catatonic Schizophrenia. Understanding psychiatric disorders requires basic knowledge of brain anatomy. These conditions are often result of or associated with neurological issues, such as migraines or tumors. The brain has eight lobes, two of four kinds: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes, which all govern different functions and abilities. Frontal lobes control judgment, decision-making, personality traits, and fine motor movements. Parietal lobes interpret pain and temperature, occipital lobes handle visual stimuli, and temporal lobes enable hearing. The pre-frontal cortex is associated with high intelligence, psychotic traits, and psychosis. The Broca’s Area in the frontal lobes controls expressive language. These areas and divisions of the brain contribute to the complexity of the psychiatric disorders discussed in this review. Introduction: Cotard’s syndrome is a psychiatric disorder characterized by delusions of being dead or not having certain limbs or organs. It is believed that there is a disconnect between their fusiform face area and the amygdala, causing a lack of familiarity between one’s mind and body. Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS) is another psychiatric disorder which is characterized by visual hallucinations, such as distorted perceptions of color, size, distance, and speed. The most common symptoms include micropsia and macropsia. Catatonia/Catatonic Schizophrenia is an uncommon type of schizophrenia. This type of schizophrenia is characterized by motor rigidity, verbal rigidity, the flat effect, psychomotor retardation, waxy flexibility, and overall negative symptoms. Thus, these people may come off as emotionally detached, and able to stay frozen in odd positions for periods on end. Treatments and Results: Cotard’s syndrome seemed to be most effectively treated by ECT (electroconvulsive therapy). Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS) had the highest positive responses to treatment by Valproate (an anti-epileptic drug), as well as intervention to treat the associated neurological conditions they had. Catatonia/Catatonic Schizophrenia seemed to be most effectively treated with a combination of benzodiazepines and ECT. Discussion and Demographics: In all 3 disorders, the Latino and African communities were underrepresented. There also seemed to be an underrepresentation of men in Cotard’s syndrome, and of women in Alice in Wonderland Syndrome. Japan and India seemed to have the highest density of treatment studies in all 3 disorders.

A^1HNMR STUDY ON THE FORMATION AND BREAKING OF INTRAMOLECULAR HYDROGEN BONDS OF BILIRUBIN IN CDCl_3-DMSO-d_6 BINARY SOLVENT

The formation and breaking of intramolecular hydrogen bonds of bilirubin in CDCl_3-DMSO-d_6 binary solvent have been investigated by means of NMR spectroscopy.The chemical shifts of protons at dipyrrinone lactam C=O and N-H,Pyrrole N-H,C-5,C-15 and methylene groups of 8,12-propionic acid side-chains changed markedly as a function of composition of the binary solvent.The hydrogen bond formation is dependent on the conformation of propionic acid side-chains.

A study on Holocene aeolian shell-clastic sandstonesalong the coasts of South China andthe analysis of its formation

The Holocene aeolian shell-clastic sandstones at 13 places along the coasts of Fujian, Guangdong and Hainan Provinces are studied in the following respects; describing their features from both macroscopic and microscopic views, listing their distributions, altitudes and forming ages, and discussing the nomenclatures of this kind of rock and its differences from beach rock.